Evidence for 3D isotropic long range spin-spin interaction near the ferromagnetic transition in bulk and thin film SrRuO3

In the case of metallic ferromagnets there has always been a controversy, i.e. whether the magnetic interaction is itinerant or localized. For example SrRuO3 is known to be an itinerant ferromagnet where the spin-spin interaction is expected to be mean field in nature. However, it is reported to behave like Ising, Heisenberg or mean field by different groups. Despite several theoretical and experimental studies and the importance of strongly correlated systems, the experimental conclusion regarding the type of spin-spin interaction in SrRuO3 is lacking. To resolve this issue, we have investigated the critical behaviour in the vicinity of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition using various techniques on polycrystalline as well as (001) oriented SrRuO3 films. Our analysis reveals that the application of a scaling law in the field-cooled magnetization data extracts the value of the critical exponent only when it is measured at H -> 0. To substantiate the actual nature without any ambiguity, the critical behavior is studied across the phase transition using the modified Arrott plot, Kouvel-Fisher plot and M-H isotherms. The critical analysis yields self-consistent beta, gamma and delta values and the spin interaction follows the long-range mean field model. Further the directional dependence of the critical exponent is studied in thin films and it reveals the isotropic nature. It is elucidated that the different experimental protocols followed by different groups are the reason for the ambiguity in determining the critical exponents in SrRuO3.

Spin-glass state in nanoparticulate (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)(1-x) (BaTiO3)(x) solid solutions: Experimental and density-functional studies

We report the transition from robust ferromagnetism to a spin- glass state in nanoparticulate La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 through solid solution with BaTiO3. The field- and temperature-dependent magnetization and the frequency-dependent ac magnetic susceptibility measurements strongly indicate the existence of a spin- glass state in the system, which is further confirmed from memory effect measurements. The breaking of long-range ordering into short-range magnetic domains is further investigated using density-functional calculations. We show that Ti ions remain magnetically inactive due to insufficient electron leakage from La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 to the otherwise unoccupied Ti-d states. This results in the absence of a Mn-Ti-Mn spin exchange interaction and hence the breaking of the long-range ordering. Total-energy calculations suggest that the segregation of nonmagnetic Ti ions leads to the formation of short-range ferromagnetic Mn domains.

Origin of the Spin-Orbital Liquid State in a Nearly J=0 Iridate Ba3ZnIr2O9

We show using detailed magnetic and thermodynamic studies and theoretical calculations that the ground state of Ba3ZnIr2O9 is a realization of a novel spin-orbital liquid state. Our results reveal that Ba3ZnIr2O9 with Ir5+ (5d(4)) ions and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) arrives very close to the elusive J = 0 state but each Ir ion still possesses a weak moment. Ab initio density functional calculations indicate that this moment is developed due to superexchange, mediated by a strong intradimer hopping mechanism. While the Ir spins within the structural Ir2O9 dimer are expected to form a spin-orbit singlet state (SOS) with no resultant moment, substantial frustration arising from interdimer exchange interactions induce quantum fluctuations in these possible SOS states favoring a spin-orbital liquid phase down to at least 100 mK.

Development of a spin polarized low energy electron diffraction system

We have designed and constructed a spin polarized low energy electron diffraction system working in the reflected electron pulse counting mode. This system is capable of measuring asymmetries due to spin-orbit and exchange interactions. Photoemission from a strained GaAs/GaAsP super lattice is used as the source of spin polarized electrons. Spin-orbit asymmetry is evaluated for Ir(100) single crystal at various energies. Subsequently, exchange asymmetry has been evaluated on 40 monolayer Fe deposited on Ir(100). This instrument proves to be useful in understanding structure and magnetism at surfaces. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.

All Inorganic Spin-Coated Nanoparticle-Based Capacitive Memory Devices

We demonstrate all inorganic, robust, cost-effective, spin-coated, two-terminal capacitive memory metal-oxide nanoparticle-oxide-semiconductor devices with cadmium telluride nanoparticles sandwiched between aluminum oxide phosphate layers to form the dielectric memory stack. Using a novel high-speed circuit to decouple reading and writing, experimentally measured memory windows, programming voltages, retention times, and endurance are comparable with or better than the two-terminal memory devices realized using other fabrication techniques.

Critical investigation of high performance spin-coated high-kappa titania thin films based MOS capacitor

We report the tunable dielectric constant of titania films with low leakage current density. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) films of three different thicknesses (36, 63 and 91 nm) were deposited by the consecutive steps of solution preparation, spin-coating, drying, and firing at different temperatures. The problem of poor adhesion between Si substrate and TiO2 insulating layer was resolved by using the plasma activation process. The surface roughness was found to increase with increasing thickness and annealing temperature. The electrical investigation was carried out using metal-oxide-semiconductor structure. The flat band voltage (V-FB), oxide trapped charge (Q(ot)), dielectric constant (kappa) and equivalent oxide thicknesses are calculated from capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves. The C-V characteristics indicate a thickness dependent dielectric constant. The dielectric constant increases from 31 to 78 as thickness increases from 36 to 91 nm. In addition to that the dielectric constant was found to be annealing temperature and frequency dependent. The films having thickness 91 nm and annealed at 600 A degrees C shows the low leakage current density. Our study provides a broad insight of the processing parameters towards the use of titania as high-kappa insulating layer, which might be useful in Si and polymer based flexible devices.

Innovative capabilities, entrepreneurial process and the dynamic growth of university spin-outs: A process-oriented study with evidence from China

This research aims to develop a conceptual framework in order to enquire into the dynamic growth process of University Spin-outs (hereafter referred to as USOs) in China, attempting to understand the capabilities configuration that are necessary for the dynamic growth. Based on the extant literature and empirical cases, this study attempts to address the question how do USOs in China build and configure the innovative capabilities to cope with the dynamic growth. This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature by providing a theoretical discussion of the USOs' dynamic entrepreneurial process, by investigating the interconnections between innovation problem-solving and the required configuration of innovative capabilities in four growth phases. Further, it presents a particular interest on the impact to the USOs' entrepreneurial innovation process by the integrative capabilities, in terms of knowledge integration, alliance, venture finance and venture governance. To date, studies that have investigated the dynamic development process of USOs in China and have recognized the heterogeneity of USOs in terms of capabilities that are required for rapid growth still remain sparse. Addressing this research gap will be of great interest to entrepreneurs, policy makers, and venture investors. ©2009 IEEE.

Supersonic dusty-gas flows with Knudsen effect in interphase momentum exchange

On the basis of the two-continuum model of dilute gas-solid suspensions, the dynamic behavior of inertial particles in supersonic dusty-gas flows past a blunt body is studied for moderate Reynolds numbers, when the Knudsen effect in the interphase momentum exchange is significant. The limits of the inertial particle deposition regime in the space of governing parameters are found numerically under the assumption of the slip and free-molecule flow regimes around particles. As a model problem, the flow structure is obtained for a supersonic dusty-gas point-source flow colliding with a hypersonic flow of pure gas. The calculations performed using the full Lagrangian approach for the near-symmetry-axis region and the free-molecular flow regime around the particles reveal a multi-layer structure of the dispersed-phase density with a sharp accumulation of the particles in some thin regions between the bow and termination shock waves.

Adaptación y rendimiento de la variedad de frijol INTA Vaina Roja, para tolerancia a sequía y mancha angular en cuatro regiones de Nicaragua

El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo entre los años 2005 y 2007, con el objetivo de evaluar la adaptación y rendimiento de la variedad mejorada INTA Vaina Roja, en las zonas de Las Segovias, Centro Norte, Centro Sur y Pacífico Sur de Nicaragua. En el año 2006 se condujeron nueve ensayos de rendimiento, uno en Madriz, cinco en Estelí, uno en Matagalpa y dos en Jinotega. En las etapas preliminares de rendimiento, el ensayo incluyó 51 líneas F8, y en las pruebas avanzadas de rendimiento se incluyeron 34 líneas F9 y 14 líneas F8 y F9. Estos trabajos se realizaron de acuerdo a las condiciones agroecológicas de cada localidad bajo condiciones de secano. En las pruebas preliminares se utilizó una sola repetición, y en pruebas avanzadas, se utilizó un diseño de látice 6 x 6 y de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Los resultados obtenidos muestra que a nivel de experimentación las líneas 429 DFSZ 15094-39 (2 188 kg ha-1), MIB 438 (2 644 kg ha-1), 426 DFSZ 15094-39(2 182 kg ha-1) e INTA Vaina Roja (2 013 kg ha-1) sobresalieron por su rendimiento de grano. Durante las evaluaciones, la variedad INTA Vaina Roja resultó tolerante a la enfermedad de mancha angular( Phaeoisariopsis griseola). Además, la variedad INTA Vaina Roja se validó en parcelas comerciales en campos de agricultores en 54 ambientes de los departamentos de Estelí, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Matagalpa, Jinotega, Chontales y Carazo. En estas parcelas de validación, la variedad INTA Vaina Roja (915 kg ha-1) superó en un 17% en los 54 sitios de validación a las variedades comerciales (784 kg ha-1) utilizadas como testigos locales. Así mismo, dio los mejores rendimientos (1 343 kg ha-1) en 24 ambientes identificados como favorables con un 16% más que las variedades comerciales (1155 kg ha-1). En los 30 ambientes identificados como desfavorables la variedad INTA Vaina Roja (573 kg ha-1), tuvo los mayores rendimientos, superando a las variedades comerciales (487 kg ha-1) en un 18%. En ambas situaciones la variedad INTA Vaina Roja con coeficientes de variación de 27.18 y 33.85% presentó mejor estabilidad que las variedades comerciales. Durante el proceso de experimentación y de validación, se observó que la variedad INTA Vaina Roja presentó tolerancia a alta humedad en el suelo, lo que la hace ser un material ideal para adaptación al cambio climático. La variedad INTA Vaina Roja presentó una Tasa Marginal de Retorno de 991% superior a las variedades comerciales.