Artérias destinadas ao útero e tuba uterina em gatas (Felis catus)

Trabalhamos com 36 gatas adultas, SRD, obtidas através de doações. em 30 desses animais foram injetados em seus vasos arteriais látex Neoprene 650 corado, para o estudo sistemático da origem e distribuição das artérias destinadas ao útero e tuba uterina. Seis desses animais foram utilizados para injeção de Acetado de Vinil, Método de Diafanização de Spaltholz e Radiografia de Contraste, para ilustrar nosso trabalho. Observamos que os vasos que se destinam à tuba uterina e ao útero provêm das artérias ováricas, artérias uterinas e suas colaterais (artéria vesical caudal e ramo uretral). em todas as observações (100%), a artéria ovárica tem sua origem na aorta e emite um ramo em 56,67% das observações para a tuba uterina, e, em 43,33% das vezes, para o corno uterino e tuba uterina. em todas as observações (100%), a artéria uterina tem sua origem na artéria vaginal, como um único vaso, e emite 1-4 ramos para a cérvix uterina, 1-2 ramos para a cérvix e corpo uterino, 1-4 ramos para o corpo uterino, 1-19 ramos para o corno uterino, 1 ramo para o corno uterino e tuba uterina e 1 ramo para a tuba uterina. A artéria vesical caudal e o ramo uretral auxiliam na irrigação da cérvix e corpo uterino, quando estes seguem para a uretra e bexiga, respectivamente. Encontramos anastomoses entre os ramos da artéria uterina e entre estes e os ramos da artéria ovárica.

Mummified papyraceous fetuses in the abdominal cavity of an elderly female dog with pyometra

This paper reports on a rare case of fetal papyraceous mummification after asymptomatic uterine rupture in an elderly female dog with pyometra. The patient had a history of mating six months before the examination but no apparent signs of gestation or parturition. Exploratory laparotomy was used to identify a rupture of the left uterine horn and the presence of cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra. Two mummified papyraceous fetuses were observed in the abdominal cavity and had adhered to the spleen, pancreas, intestine and omentum. Ovariehysterectomy and corrective surgery were performed. The patient had remained healthy after uterine rupture until a new estrous cycle and the development of pyometra. Bitches that are 10 years old or more are predisposed to implantation failure, pregnancy or parturition problems and they should not be breed to avoid complications.

Seed dispersal by fishes in tropical and temperate fresh waters: The growing evidence

Fruit-eating by fishes represents an ancient (perhaps Paleozoic) interaction increasingly regarded as important for seed dispersal (ichthyochory) in tropical and temperate ecosystems. Most of the more than 275 known frugivorous species belong to the mainly Neotropical Characiformes (pacus, piranhas) and Siluriformes (catfishes), but cypriniforms (carps, minnows) are more important in the Holarctic and Indomalayan regions. Frugivores are among the most abundant fishes in Neotropical floodplains where they eat the fruits of a wide variety of trees and shrubs. By consuming fruits, fishes gain access to rich sources of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and act as either seed predators or seed dispersers. With their often high mobility, large size, and great longevity, fruit-eating fishes can play important roles as seed dispersers and exert strong influences on local plant-recruitment dynamics and regional biodiversity. Recent feeding experiments focused on seed traits after gut passage support the idea that fishes are major seed dispersers in floodplain and riparian forests. Overfishing, damming, deforestation and logging potentially diminish ichthyochory and require immediate attention to ameliorate their effects. Much exciting work remains in terms of fish and plant adaptations to ichthyochory, dispersal regimes involving fishes in different ecosystems, and increased use of nondestructive methods such as stomach lavage, stable isotopes, genetic analyses and radio transmitters to determine fish diets and movements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Scanning electron microscopy study of the choroid plexus in the monkey (Cebus apella apella)

The cells of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles of the monkey Cebus apella apella were examined through scanning electron microscopy at contributing to the description of such structures in primates. The animals were anesthetized previously with 3% hypnol intraperitoneally and after perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, samples of the choroid plexus were collected after exhibition of the central portion and inferior horn of the lateral ventricles. The ventricular surface of those cells presents globose form as well as fine interlaced protrusions named microvilli. Among those, it is observed the presence of some cilia. Resting on the choroid epithelial cells there is a variable number of free cells, with fine prolongations which extend from them. They are probably macrophages and have been compared to Kolmer cells or epiplexus cells, located on choroid epithelium. The choroid plexus of the encephalic lateral ventricles of the monkey Cebus apella apella at scanning electron microscopy is similar to that of other primates, as well as to that of other species of mammals mainly cats and rats, and also humans.

Diversity of the ichthyofauna in the Serra do Mar State Park- Núcleo Santa Virgínia, Sáo Paulo State, Brazil

The aim of this work was to assess and compare the diversity of the ichthyofauna in three headwater rivers of Paraíba-do-Sul basin in the Serra do Mar State Park, Núcleo Santa Virgínia. A total of 1,774 specimens of 16 species of fishes belonging to 6 families were caught. Characiforms were the most abundant fish at all three sites, followed by Cyprinodontiformes, Siluriformes, and Perciformes. The Shannon index (H′), evenness (E), and the Jaccard and Morisita-Horn similarity indexes were low, indicating both low diversity and low similarity of species among the three streams. The values of these indexes should be evaluated according to the biotic and abiotic conditions in each environment. It is clear that in mountain streams of the Atlantic Forest, these low values occur because of the presence of a few abundant and many rare species.

Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2001

Includes bibliography

Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 1998

Includes bibliography

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2008-2009: Crisis and opportunities for regional cooperation

Incluye Bibliografía

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2009-2010: A crisis generated in the centre and a recovery driven by the emerging economies

Incluye Bibliografía

Social Panorama of Latin America 1998

Includes bibliography

Youth and social cohesion in Ibero-America: a model in the making. Summary

Includes bibliography

Protagonismo juvenil en proyectos locales: lecciones del Cono Sur

Incluye Bibliografía

Economic reforms, growth and employment: labour markets in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography