Adsorption of the diazo dye Direct Red 23 onto a zinc oxide surface: A spectroscopic study

The adsorption of the diazo dye Direct Red 23 onto a zinc oxide surface at 30 degrees C in the dark was investigated. The color reduction was monitored by spectrophotometry at 503 run. The FTIR and Raman spectra of the Direct Red 23 adsorption as a function of ZnO concentration were registered. From the PM3 semi-empirical calculations of the atomic charge density and dipole moment of the Direct Red 23 molecule, it was demonstrated that the azo, dye molecule may be adsorbed onto the ZnO Surface through molecule geometry modifications, enhancing the interfacial area causing a variation in the bonding frequencies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Genus i historieundervisningen : Problem och möjligheter ur ett gymnasielärarperspektiv

Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit, dels att undersöka ett antal historielärares förståelse av och attityd till användandet av begreppet genus i historieundervisningen på gymnasiet, dels att analysera vad jämställdhetsmålen i gymnasieskolans styrdokument egentligen säger om be-greppet genus och om detta bör tolkas som ett direktiv att implementera genus i historieun-dervisningen. Undersökningen genomfördes i två steg. Gymnasieskolans styrdokument; skollagen, lä-roplanen för de frivilliga skolformerna samt ämnesbeskrivning och kursplaner för historia A, B och C, närlästes och analyserades utifrån en genusteoretisk grund. Därefter intervjuades sex utvalda gymnasielärare i historia kring begreppet genus i teori och praktik. Resultatet analyse-rades och kategoriserades därefter så att lärarnas genusmedvetenhet och attityd till användan-de av genus i historieundervisningen gick att identifiera.Styrdokumentsgranskningen visade att styrdokumenten idag inte säger någonting expli-cit om användandet av ett genusperspektiv i historieundervisningen men att skollagens och läroplanens jämställdhetsdirektiv vilar på en genusteoretisk grund och därmed indirekt kräver ett genusperspektiv i den konkreta undervisningen. Dokumentens formuleringar kräver en god kunskap kring begreppen jämställdhet och genus för att kunna förstås. Utan den kunskapen riskerar avsaknaden av ett explicit uttalat genusbegrepp att legitimera en historieundervisning utan genusperspektiv.Intervjuresultatet visade att genusmedvetenheten bland de utvalda lärarna var låg och att förekomsten av ett genusperspektiv i den egna undervisningen avgjordes av lärarens eget in-tresse för frågan. Attityden till användandet av ett genusperspektiv i historieundervisningen på gymnasiet kunde hos de flesta tolkas som positiv i teorin men i praktiken omgärdad av en rad förhindrande omständigheter såsom omedvetenhet, tids- och utrymmesbrist, metodbrist och historiedidaktiskt förhållningssätt.

Identifiering av parametrar till ackumulatortanken Solus1050 från consolar - en metodbeskrivning

This report describes the work done creating a computer model of a kombi tank from Consolar. The model was created with Presim/Trnsys and Fittrn and DF were used to identify the parameters. Measurements were carried out and were used to identify the values of the parameters in the model. The identifications were first done for every circuit separately. After that, all parameters are normally identified together using all the measurements. Finally the model should be compared with other measurements, preferable realistic ones. The two last steps have not yet been carried out, because of problems finding a good model for the domestic hot water circuit.The model of the domestic hot water circuit give relatively good results for low flows at 5 l/min, but is not good for higher flows. In the report suggestions for improving the model are given. However, there was not enough time to test this within the project as much time was spent trying to solve problems with the model crashing. Suggestions for improving the model for the domestic circuit are given in chapter 4.4. The improved equations that are to be used in the improved model are given by equation 4.18, 4.19 and 4.22.Also for the boiler circuit and the solar circuit there are improvements that can be done. The model presented here has a few shortcomings, but with some extra work, an improved model can be created. In the attachment (Bilaga 1) is a description of the used model and all the identified parameters.A qualitative assessment of the store was also performed based on the measurements and the modelling carried out. The following summary of this can be given: Hot Water PreparationThe principle for controlling the flow on the primary side seems to work well in order to achieve good stratification. Temperatures in the bottom of the store after a short use of hot water, at a coldwater temperature of 12°C, was around 28-30°C. This was almost independent of the temperature in the store and the DHW-flow.The measured UA-values of the heat exchangers are not very reliable, but indicates that the heat transfer rates are much better than for the Conus 500, and in the same range as for other stores tested at SERC.The function of the mixing valve is not perfect (see diagram 4.3, where Tout1 is the outlet hot water temperature, and Tdhwo and Tdhw1 is the inlet temperature to the hot and cold side of the valve respectively). The outlet temperature varies a lot with different temperatures in the storage and is going down from 61°C to 47°C before the cold port is fully closed. This gives a problem to find a suitable temperature setting and gives also a risk that the auxiliary heating is increased instead of the set temperature of the valve, when the hot water temperature is to low.Collector circuitThe UA-value of the collector heat exchanger is much higher than the value for Conus 500, and in the same range as the heat exchangers in other stores tested at SERC.Boiler circuitThe valve in the boiler circuit is used to supply water from the boiler at two different heights, depending on the temperature of the water. At temperatures from the boiler above 58.2°C, all the water is injected to the upper inlet. At temperatures below 53.9°C all the water is injected to the lower inlet. At 56°C the water flow is equally divided between the two inlets. Detailed studies of the behaviour at the upper inlet shows that better accuracy of the model would have been achieved using three double ports in the model instead of two. The shape of the upper inlet makes turbulence, that could be modelled using two different inlets. Heat lossesThe heat losses per m3 are much smaller for the Solus 1050, than for the Conus 500 Storage. However, they are higher than those for some good stores tested at SERC. The pipes that are penetrating the insulation give air leakage and cold bridges, which could be a major part of the losses from the storage. The identified losses from the bottom of the storage are exceptionally high, but have less importance for the heat losses, due to the lower temperatures in the bottom. High losses from the bottom can be caused by air leakage through the insulation at the pipe connections of the storage.

Estudo da distribuição e dos territórios das artérias cerebrais rostral, média e caudal e cerebelares rostral, média e caudal na superfície do encéfalo em Didelphis albiventris (Gambá).

Estudaram-se as artérias cerebrais e cerebelares rostral, média e caudal na superfície do encéfalo de 30 Didelphis albiventris, 14 machos e 16 fêmeas, com o sistema arterial preenchido com Látex 603 pigmentado, e fixados em formol 20%. Sistematizaram-se as artérias e seus principais ramos, determinando a área territorial de irrigação, e as principais variações. A artéria cerebral rostral apresentou-se, à direita em 100% das peças e à esquerda esteve presente em 96,7% e ausente em 3,3% dos casos. Dividiu-se em ramo medial, tronco hemisférico rostral, e ramo lateral, artéria lateral do bulbo olfatório, presentes em 100% das amostras, bilateralmente. O tronco hemisférico rostral bifurcou-se em ramo rostral, artéria medial do bulbo olfatório, presente em todas as peças em ambos os antímeros, e ramo caudal, artéria inter-hemisférica rostral. Esta originou-se conforme o padrão em 90% dos casos à direita e em 86,7% à esquerda, nas amostras restantes teve origem de um ramo emitido pelo antímero oposto. A artéria cerebral média, presente em todos os casos nos dois antímeros, apresentou os seguintes ramos colaterais: ramos ventrorostrais presentes em 66,7% preparações; ramo ventrocaudal medial para o lobo piriforme, presente em 100% das amostras à direita e em 83,3% à esquerda; ramo ventrocaudal lateral para o lobo piriforme, presente em 100% das peças nos dois antímeros; Iº ramo hemisférico dorsolateral presente em 93,3% dos encéfalos à direita, e em 90% à esquerda; IIº ramo hemisférico dorsolateral presente em 36,6% das peças bilateralmente; ramo dorso-rostral presente à direita em 56,7% das amostras e à esquerda em 80% das preparações. A artéria cerebral média continua-se como ramo terminal em todos os casos, bilateralmente. A artéria cerebral caudal, presente bilateralmente em todas as peças, originou: ramo hemisférico tentorial em 83,3% dos casos à direita e em 80% à esquerda, este ramo originou-se da artéria comunicante caudal em 10% das peças nos dois antímeros ou ainda originou-se do tronco cerebral médio-rostral em 6,7% à direita e em 10% das preparações à esquerda; artéria tectal rostral à direita ímpar em 96,7% e dupla em 3,3% dos casos e à esquerda ímpar em 100% das peças. O ramo terminal da artéria cerebral caudal originou a artéria inter-hemisférica caudal em 93,3% das amostras à direita e em 86,7% à esquerda. A artéria cerebelar rostral originou-se como continuação natural do ramo terminal da artéria basilar em 93,3% dos casos, bilateralmente, percorrendo as faces rostral e dorsal dos hemisférios cerebelares , formando por sobre estes uma alça. Em 6,7% das amostras não formou uma alça. A artéria tectal caudal apresentou-se à direita ímpar em 83,3% e dupla em 16,7% das peças, à esquerda ímpar em 86,7%, dupla em 10% e ausente em 3,3% das amostras. A artéria cerebelar média à direita mostrou-se dupla em 70% e ímpar em 30% das peças, à esquerda, dupla em 56,7% e ímpar em 43,3% dos achados. A artéria cerebelar caudal apresentou-se à direita ímpar em 93,3% e dupla em 6,7% das peças e à esquerda ímpar em 86,7% e dupla em 13,3% das amostras.

Práticas operacionais e performance: uma análise empírica de empresas paulistas

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal explorar o uso e o impacto das práticas operacionais de Qualidade, Just in Time (JIT), Certificações ISO e Terceirização de Serviços nas empresas de manufatura do Estado de São Paulo, em diversos segmentos da indústria. Faz parte deste objetivo testar as relações entre o uso destas práticas e a performance das empresas e, por fim, verificar se estas práticas podem trazer vantagem competitiva para as organizações. Como medidas de performance foram utilizadas Produtividade, Lucratividade, Valor Adicionado, Taxa de Crescimento de Receita, Taxa de Crescimento do Valor Adicionado e Taxa de Crescimento do Número de Funcionários. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com a utilização da base de dados da Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP) elaborada pela Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE). Foi selecionada uma amostra com 1200 empresas manufatureiras paulistas, acima de 30 funcionários, de 14 setores industriais diferentes. Como ferramental, utilizou-se a técnica estatística de regressão múltipla Este estudo mostrou, de forma geral, que o tamanho da empresa está diretamente relacionado com o uso das práticas operacionais, ou seja, empresas maiores normalmente adotam mais as práticas operacionais aqui estudadas. Não foram encontradas relações fortes entre as práticas operacionais e o desempenho das empresas na amostra analisada. Isto significa dizer que não se encontrou evidências concretas de que estas práticas sejam direcionadoras de performance superiores, nem mesmo que elas gerem competências alavancadoras de vantagem competitiva para as organizações. A única prática que apresentou uma relação consistente foi o Nível de Terceirização de Serviços, que apresentou uma relação negativa com a performance das empresas.

Sistematização das artérias da base do encéfalo e suas fontes de suprimento sangüíneo em nutria (Myocastor coypus)

Neste trabalho estudou-se as artérias da base do encéfalo e suas fontes de suprimento sangüíneo em nutria (Myocastor coypus). Foram utilizados 32 espécimes. Em 30 animais, o sistema arterial foi preenchido com látex 603 corado em vermelho através da artéria aorta. Duas fêmeas foram utilizadas na confecção de moldes acrílicos. Sistematizou-se a origem das fontes de suprimento sangüíneo para o encéfalo e as artérias (Aa) da face ventral do cérebro, à direita (D) e à esquerda (E), com suas respectivas percentagens de aparecimento. O arco aórtico emitiu o tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria (A.) subclávia E (60%) ou tronco braquiocefálico, A. carótida comum E e A. subclávia E (40%). O tronco braquiocefálico lançou A. carótida comum D e E e A. subclávia D (60%) ou A. carótida comum D e A. subclávia D (40%). A A. carótida comum D e E dividiu-se em A. carótida externa e A. occipital. A A. carótida interna foi ramo da A. occipital (100%), à D e E, e não cooperou na irrigação encefálica. Ramos terminais das Aa. Vertebrais D e E presentes (100%) formaram a A. basilar (100%). A. espinhal ventral presente (100%). A. cerebelar caudal à D foi simples (60%), dupla (36,7%) e tripla (3,3%), e à E foi simples (60%) e dupla (40%). A. cerebelar média como ramo da A. cerebelar caudal à D (70%) e à E (73,3%). A. trigeminal D e E ímpar (100%). A. cerebelar rostral D, simples (73,3%) e dupla (26,7%), à E, simples (70%) e dupla (30%). A. cerebral caudal D, simples (66,7%) e dupla (33,3%), à E, simples (73,3%) e dupla (26,7%). A. hipofisária D e E ímpar presente (100%). A. cerebral média D e E ímpar presente (100%). A. cerebral rostral D, desenvolvida e ímpar (86,7%), dupla (10%) e ausente (3,3%), à E desenvolvida e ímpar (100%). Ramo medial da A. cerebral rostral D, ímpar e desenvolvido (66,7%), vestigial (23,3%) ou ausente (10%), à E, ímpar e desenvolvido (73,3%), vestigial (23,3%) e ausente (3,3%). A. inter-hemisférica rostral presente (100%), formada pela anastomose do ramo medial da A. cerebral rostral D e E (40%), formada apenas pelo ramo medial da A. cerebral rostral E (33,3%) e formada apenas pelo ramo medial da A. cerebral rostral D (26,7%). A. lateral do bulbo olfatório D e E presente e ímpar (100%). A. medial do bulbo olfatório D e E ímpar (100%). A. etmoidal interna D simples (96,7%) e dupla (3,3%), à E, simples (100%). Observou-se que o círculo arterial cerebral da nutria foi fechado caudalmente (100%) e rostralmente aberto (60%) ou fechado (40%). O encéfalo foi suprido exclusivamente pelo sistema vértebro-basilar.

Translocation of 99mTc labelled bacteria after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

Ischemia and reperfusion of the small intestine disrupts gut barrier, causes bacterial translocation and activates inflammatory responses. An experimental study was planned to evaluate if 99mTc labelled Escherichia coli translocates to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung and serum of rats submitted to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. Additionally, it was observed if the time of reperfusion influences the level of translocation. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats underwent 45 minutes of gut ischemia by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. The translocation of labelled bacteria to different organs and portal serum was determined in rats reperfused for 30 minutes, 24 hours, sham(S) and controls(C), using radioactivity count and colony forming units/g (CFU). RESULTS: All the organs from rats observed for 24 hours after reperfusion had higher levels of radioactivity and positive cultures (CFU) than did the organs of rats reperfused for 30 minutes, C and S, except in the spleen (p<0,01). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that intestinal ischemia/reperfusion led to bacterial translocation, mostly after 24 hours of reperfusion

Characterization of heat waves affecting mortality rates of broilers between 29 days and market age

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of different temperatures on the life history of Evania appendigaster L. (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae), a solitary oothecal parasitoid of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

The influence of temperatures on the life parameters of the solitary oothecal parasitoid Evania appendigaster, was investigated in the laboratory. Parasitized oothecae of Periplaneta americana were left to develop under seven constant temperatures: 15, 17, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 degrees C. At the end, we found that: (i) E. appendigaster was able to complete development within the temperature range of 17-34 degrees C; (ii) mean adult longevity decreased as temperature increased, with the temperature of 40 degrees C being fatal in a matter of hours; (iii) males lived longer than females between 15 and 30 degrees C; (iv) adult emergence rate was the highest at 25 degrees C, and (v) no wasps emerged at 15 or 40 degrees C. Non-emerged oothecae contained either unhatched eggs or dead larvae. We determined the theoretical lower developmental threshold and thermal constant for the complete development as 12.9 degrees C and 584.8 day-degrees for males, and 13.1 degrees C and 588.2 day-degrees for females, respectively. A good balance between faster development, maximum adult longevity and good egg viability was obtained between 25-30 degrees C, and that would be the best temperature range for rearing E. appendigaster. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Germinação de sementes de melão-de-são-caetano sob variação de água, luz e temperatura

The purpose of this study was to evaluate germination of Momordica charantia L. seeds under different conditions of: water availability (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa), temperature (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C) and quality of incident light (filter dark, red, green, yellow, red off, blue, orange and without filter). For each variable evaluated, experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates kept under controlled conditions (germination chamber). There were higher percentages of germination under conditions of mild water restriction (-0.2 MPa) and temperatures around 25 degrees C, regardless of the quality of light. Temperatures below 20 degrees C and above 30 degrees C reduced germination, although lower temperatures had strongly effects on germination. Water availability lower than -0.2 MPa strongly reduced germination, which was inhibited in the treatments of -0.8 and 1.0 MPa.

Biologia de Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae) e sua potencialidade de predação sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of early quantitative food restriction on long bone growth at different environmental temperatures in broiler chickens

1. This investigation was carried out to study the influence of early quantitative food restriction (40% of ad libitum intake from 7 to 14 d of age) and environmental rearing temperature (thermoneutral, cold and hot) on long bone (tibia, femur and humerus) development in broiler chickens.2. Tibia, femur and humerus were obtained at the ages of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 d; and the variables studied were: length and width (mm, expressed as absolute values), bone breaking strength (kgf) and bone weight/bone length index (BW/BL, mg/mm).3. All bone variables increased with bird age. Food restriction reduced bone length and width but did not affect bone weight. High environmental rearing temperature reduced bone length and width at 42 d of age. Bone strength was not affected by environmental temperature but the calculated BW/BL index was reduced by heat exposure.4. The findings suggest that food restriction and high environmental rearing temperature reduce long bone growth; bone breaking strength was affected by bird age but not by food restriction nor rearing ambient temperature.

Comparison of microbial numbers in soils by using various culture media and temperatures

The influence of different media and incubation temperatures on the quantification of microbial populations in sorghum, eucalyptus and forest soils was evaluated. Microbial growth was compared by using complex (tryptone soybean agar, TSA, casein-starch, CS, and Martin) and saline (Thorton, M3, Czapeck) media and incubation temperatures of 25 and 30&DEG; C. Higher numbers of total bacterial. and fungal colony-forming units (CFU) were observed in sorghum soils, and of spore-forming and Gram-negative bacteria in forest soils than other soils. Actinomycetes counts were highest in forest soil when using CS medium at 30&DEG; C and in sorghum soil at 25&DEG; C in M3 medium. Microorganism counts were dependent on the media and incubation temperatures. The counts at temperatures of 30&DEG; C were significantly higher than at 25&DEG; C. Microbial quantification was best when using TSA medium for total. and spore-forming bacteria, Thorton for Gram-negative bacteria, M3 for actinomycetes, and Martin for fungi. © 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Precocidade na emissão da raiz primária para avaliação do vigor de sementes de milheto

In a program of seed quality assurance, the evaluation of seed vigor is fundamental and necessary to the global production process outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the precocity of primary root emission test, for the substrates paper roll, on paper and between papers, on vigor of pearl millet seeds. Ten seed lots evaluated in four replication of 100 pearl millet seeds cultivar ADR 500 were sown in three different humidified substrates: between papers, paper roll and on paper. These were incubated at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C. Fifteen hours after the germination test was established, the emission of seed primary roots started to be observed every 2 hours up to 25 hours and then after 48 hours. For the comparison among lots, seeds were also evaluated by moisture content, weight of 1000 seeds, germination and vigor (first count, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging and seedling emergence). The statistical design was completely randomized, and the means comparisons were accomplished by the Tukey test at 0.05 level of probability. It was concluded that the precocity of primary root emission test on paper is promising for vigor evaluation of pearl millet seeds.

Germination of Albizia hassleri seeds at different temperatures, under laboratory conditions

The objective of this study was to analyze the germination of seeds of Albizia hassleri under different temperatures. A completely random design arranged as a split plot for temperatures regimes, with 11 seed lots and four replications of 15 seeds was used. The plot was represented by the various lots and the sub plots for different temperatures. The means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The temperatures used were: a) constant: 20, 25 and 30 degrees C, and b) alternating: 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C. For all 11 seed lots the mean germination was 90%, speed germination index (IVG) was 5.059, fresh matter of seedlings (MMF) was 0.0628 g and dry matter (MMS) 0.0499 g. The variation coefficient (CV) between plots ranged from 8.48% for germination to 51.71% for dry matter of seedlings and sub plot of 6.77% to 60.45% for germination and MMS. These high values of CV, tested for MMS and MMF, indicate low repeatability of results within each treatment. In general, the IVG obtained at temperatures of 20 and 25 degrees C was lower than those in temperatures of 30, 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C. The best temperature for IVG was the alternating 25-35 degrees C and constant 30 degrees C. The germination test can be conducted at 30, 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C for 19 days.