Nas ondas da informa����o: interfaces entre o pensamento geogr��fico e a geografia econ��mica para o estudo das telecomunica����es no Brasil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Trayectoria tecnol��gica Web y el orden digital en Latinoam��rica: reflexiones hist��ricas desde Brasil

The emergence of the digital order renewed the Victorian civilizing ideal and strengthened a world order of techno-economic dependence. The new grand narrative is the urgency of digital transformation of societies; a dream pursued without reflection by the populations of the periphery that ended into in a collision between McLuhan's two informational orders: cold and hot societies. Latin America as part of the periphery did not participate in the development of the informatic technologies and its historical legacy made the appropriation of these technologies more difficult. This paper examines the historical circumstances of this process: the development of a discourse around the digital networks, the consequences of this social construction in the region, the fragile efforts of Brazil to create technology, and the entrance of IT networks in the region. The results showed that the status of this kind of research in the region is weak so we alert about its consequences. We concluded that to create an informational order that may serve as a space of self-affirmation, freedom and heterogeneity, it is necessary to have a deep knowledge of the social and historical context that created its basic technologies, but Latin America is indifferent in such regard. Information Science has a central role in the region within this process but it has not developed it yet.

As vozes que ningu��m quer ouvir: um retrato das estrangeiras presas no Brasil

O presente relat��rio cient��fico tem como proposta apresentar o processo de elabora����o do livro-reportagem ���As vozes que ningu��m quer ouvir ��� Um retrato das presas estrangeiras no Brasil���, fruto do trabalho de conclus��o de curso de Ana Navarrete e Juliana Santos. O livro parte da tem��tica de mulheres vindas de outros pa��ses que s��o presas e cumprem pena no Brasil, para apresentar seus perfis, os motivos que as levaram ao c��rcere, a vida dentro do pres��dio, as dificuldades jur��dicas por quest��es de g��nero e nacionalidade e a vida p��s-pris��o. Para isso, foram utilizados tr��s recursos que podem compor um livro-reportagem: a grande reportagem, o perfil liter��rio e o ensaio fotogr��fico jornal��stico. No decorrer deste documento ser�� apresentada a contextualiza����o do tema, a base te��rica jornal��stica, os objetivos, a justificativa e pretens��es do trabalho, as dificuldades no processo de produ����o do livro e as conclus��es finais das autoras. O trabalho (desde a confec����o do produto, at�� as pesquisas e a interpreta����o das alunas sobre o tema) foi guiado sob a ��tica dos direitos humanos. O objetivo foi dar voz a essas mulheres e levar at�� os leitores suas hist��rias, de maneira a conscientizar e incentivar debates e mudan��as na situa����o das estrangeiras presas no Brasil

Geografia dos movimentos socioterritoriais no Brasil de 2000 �� 2012

The struggle for land is not a recent theme in Brazilian history. Since colonization, people have fought and resisted against oppression and injustice in the countryside, as can be evidenced by the highwaymen, peasant leagues and the war of Canudos. More recently, the struggle for land and agrarian reform can be evidenced by the struggles of the MST, CONTAG, CPT and other movements. For these movements, denominated as socioterritorial movements, land/territory is an essential condition for their existence and for the maintenance of their territoriality. The present paper examines the geography of socioterritorial moviments: the construction of the concept of socioterritorial movements and their forms of action and scales of actuation in the period 2000 to 2012, focusing on the movements that have been most active. These movements are studied through as analysis of data of the Land Struggle Data Base (Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra ���DATALUTA), print and digital media reports and a bibliographic survey of the literature. The action of socioterritorial movements can be studied through the forms of land occupations and demonstrations in the countryside which are the principal means of the struggle against large landholders, agribusiness and the State. These actions question the model of development which privileges agribusiness and, as such, are viewed by some as a hindrance to the development of the country. Over the years, the number of socioterritorial moviments, and their actions have oscillated due to a series of factors, such as repression (criminalization of members and violence against them), policies adopted by Brazilian governments and the contradictions inherent in very process of the spacialization of the struggle for land. These actions can be analyzed according to the scale of the struggle of the movements ��� municipal, micro-regional, state, macro-regional, and national

Qualidade higi��nico-sanit��ria de sorvetes e sobremesas, na cidade de Botucatu, SP, Brasil, e verifica����o da produ����o de enterotoxinas por Staphylococcus aureus

Food poisoning can cause infection on its consumers by the presence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, it is important to check its quality, which can be affected by many factors. The sanitary quality of foods can be assessed by thermotolerant coliform. Since food safety is a matter of great concern, this study aimed to evaluate the hygienic sanitary conditions of samples of ice cream and desserts marketed in the city of Botucatu, by determining the most probable number (MPN) of thermotolerant coliform, identification and enumeration of coagulase positive staphylococci and verification of classical enterotoxin production by strains of S. aureus and also for detecting the presence of Salmonella sp. Among the ice cream analyzed, 56.3% were unfit for consumption and between the creamy desserts, the percentage of unfit samples was 33.3%. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella were not found in the samples. It is then an inadequacy in handling and / or storage conditions in a considerable number of samples, indicating need for improvement in the conditions of preparation

Sistema de ilumina����o inteligente atrav��s de redes de sensores wireless

The objective of this project is to collaborate with the society, working on a subject that is directly linked to issues of sustainability and environmental preservation. For this, a survey is being developed in order to make possible the creation of an intelligent mechanism, with the use of wireless solutions for the control of energy consumption in order to meet the needs of quality of life and reduce the average consumption of electrical energy. An intelligent lighting system can be explained simply, as an interconnected network of lamps in order to meet needs such as light intensity, the location of it, the moment will turn on or turn off the lights, among other possibilities. This network of lamps is controlled by algorithms implemented using microcontrollers, which may or may not have changed its characteristics. This can be automatic (pre-programmed by the administrator) or manual (controlled via a remote control, phones, etc.), and will depend upon the manager himself and also the characteristics imposed on the project. However, it is important to note that after the search is complete, decisions will be consistent with the Brazilian reality, ie, this system can only be feasible if it has all the characteristics described above, but with an affordable price so that people can acquire it

Determina����o de comunidades em redes biol��gicas integradas

To understand how biological phenomena emerge, the nonlinear interactions among the components envolved in these and the correspondent connected elements, like genes, proteins, etc., can be represented by a mathematical object called graph or network, where interacting elements are represented by edges connecting pairs of nodes. The analysis of various graph-related properties of biological networks has revealed many clues about biological processes. Among these properties, the community structure, i.e. groups of nodes densely connected among themselves, but sparsely connected to other groups, are important for identifying separable functional modules within biological systems for the comprehension of the high-level organization of the cell. Communities' detection can be performed by many algorithms, but most of them are based on the density of interactions among nodes of the same community. So far, the detection and analysis of network communities in biological networks have only been pursued for networks composed by one type of interaction (e.g. protein-protein interactions or metabolic interactions). Since a real biological network is simultaneously composed by protein-protein, metabolic and transcriptional regulatory interactions, it would be interesting to investigate how communities are organized in this type of network. For this purpose, we detected the communities in an integrated biological network of the Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using the Clique Percolation Method and we veri ed, by calculating the frequency of each type of interaction and its related entropy, if components of communities... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Uma discuss��o sobre o ensino da estat��stica para os estudantes de gradua����o na Fran��a, no Brasil, e nos Estados Unidos

Today statistics are one of the most important bases of the engineer formation. Statistics are used indirectly every day for engineers in a large panel of sectors like construction, mechanical engineering, biological engineering, electrical engineering, computer science etc. The main goal of this report is to compare different ways the engineers of tomorrow are formed in order to show which engineering is the best practice. The comparison will be done on different universities in France, Brazil and the US on Mechanical, Civil, Electrical and Production branches. We will compare the amount of courses required, the degree of knowledge needed and the mains subjects

Estrutura populacional e distribui����o sazonal de Callinectes ornatus (Decapoda; Brachyura; Portunidae) no litoral norte do Estado de S��o Paulo, Brasil

Callinectes ornatus tem sua distribui����o geogr��fica no Atl��ntico ocidental: da Carolina do Norte at�� a Florida, golfo do M��xico, Antilhas, Col��mbia, Venezuela, Guiana e Brasil (Amap�� ao Rio Grande ao Sul), ocorrendo em fundos de areia, lama e ��guas menos salinas podendo alcan��ar 75 metros de profundidade (Melo, 1996). Essa esp��cie tem um papel importante na teia tr��fica marinha, pois possui o habito carn��voro oportunista alimentando se tamb��m de detritos, assim controlando a estrutura de v��rias comunidades bent��nicas (Haefner, 1990; Mantelatto & Christofoletti, 2001; Mantelatto et al., 2002). O presente estudo aborda as popula����es de C. ornatus que vivem no infralitoral n��o-consolidado das regi��es das Ilhas do Mar Virado e das Couves, localizadas no litoral norte do Estado de S��o Paulo, e teve por objetivo a caracteriza����o dos per��odos de recrutamento e reprodutivos da esp��cie baseado na presen��a de jovens/adultos e f��meas ov��geras respectivamente. Os dados utilizados nesse estudo foram coletados do Ver��o de 1998 �� Primavera de 1999 no infralitoral n��o consolidado das Ilhas do Mar Virado e das Couves totalizando dois anos. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, com auxilio de um barco de pesca equipado com duas redes do tipo ���double-rig���. O total coletado durante os dois anos foi de 1164 animais. Os menores indiv��duos machos e f��meas encontrados na Ilha do Mar Virado apresentam os seguintes tamanhos respectivamente 22,2 mm e 17,7 mm, j�� na Ilha das Couves foram de 20,2 mm e de 32,3 mm. Foi obtido um total de 12 classes de tamanho, com 5,0 mm de amplitude. As duas primeiras classes foram ocupadas apenas por indiv��duos jovens j�� as cinco ultimas principalmente por indiv��duos adultos e f��meas ov��geras. Para os indiv��duos machos adultos foi poss��vel observar o deslocamento de modas da Primavera de 1998 �� Primavera de 1999... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Aspectos reprodutivos de tr��s esp��cies de Curimatidae (Characiformes) em um reservat��rio do Rio Mogi Gua��u, bacia do Alto Rio Paran��, S��o Paulo, Brasil

Os curimat��deos s��o esp��cies comuns em ambientes l��nticos represados, artificialmente constru��dos. Estudar o ciclo reprodutivo de uma esp��cie �� fundamental para a compreens��o da biologia reprodutiva da popula����o em seu ambiente. Por isso, o presente estudo analisou os aspectos da biologia reprodutiva dos sag��irus Cyphocharax modestus, C. cf. nagelii e Steindachnerina insculpta (Curimatidae), no reservat��rio da pequena central hidrel��trica Mogi Gua��u, munic��pio de Mogi Gua��u, estado de S��o Paulo. Os exemplares foram coletados bimensalmente entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006 com o aux��lio de redes de emalhar (malhas 1,0 a 5,0 cm entre n��s adjacentes), totalizando seis amostras. No total, foram analisados 777 exemplares, sendo 525 de C. modestus, 82 de C.cf. nagelii e 170 de S. insculpta. A din��mica reprodutiva foi analisada considerando-se os per��odos seco e chuvoso. A fecundidade foi estimada de acordo com o m��todo volum��trico a partir da an��lise de 168 pares de ov��rios maduros, sendo 121 de C. modestus, 18 de C. cf nagelii e 29 de S. insculpta. Tamb��m foram estimadas as rela����es gonadossom��ticas m��dias e as correla����es do n��mero total de ov��citos em rela����o ao peso e ao comprimento para cada uma das tr��s esp��cies. Os resultados encontrados apontaram para desova total (sincr��nica em dois grupos) para as tr��s esp��cies. O n��mero m��dio de ov��citos foi de 15.309 a 28.825 para C. modestus, 29.031 para C. cf. nagelii e 27.206 para S. insculpta.

An��lise sobre o com��rcio entre Brasil e Uni��o Europ��ia e as barreiras n��o tarif��rias que o afetam

�� not��vel a import��ncia da Uni��o Europeia para o setor exportador brasileiro, principalmente no caso da exporta����o de carne bovina. Conduto, este com��rcio bilateral encontra entraves para seu desenvolvimento causados principalmente pela Uni��o Europeia, tais como barreiras n��o tarif��rias (barreiras t��cnicas, sanit��rias, fitossanit��rias etc) al��m de exig��ncias acerca de produtos exportados para o mercado europeu por pa��ses terceiros, como, por exemplo, medidas de rastreabilidade, certifica����o, rotulagem e conformidade com regras europeias. Este estudo visa analisar este com��rcio bilateral, os obst��culos existentes e como o Brasil lida com esta situa����o

Estudo das pol��ticas de obten����o dos assentamentos de reforma agr��ria no Brasil entre 1985 e 2009

Understanding the territorial transformations is important to the geographic knowledge, especially when it is related to structural questions as agrarian one. In this way, the land acquisition to agrarian reform enables us to understand some of these transformations, represented by territorialization of landless workers in rural settlements, that are concrete results of the struggle for land that boost the policies of agrarian reform in our country. The renewal of the agrarian structure is fundamental to the concept of land reform and also provides that advances social, political, cultural, economic, etc. Classified as a country with rates of the highest land concentration in the world, Brazilian government attempts to base his actions to take in the expropriation of land the main character of the land reform. However, new policies have been gradually used to obtaining the rural settlements, in a process that Fernandes (2010) called the reconceptualization of land reform. Starting in 1985, Brazil has 63% of the beneficiaries of land reform policies settled on expropriated land, the rest is a result of incorporation policies such as land regularization, of land reform and land purchase. Such policies generate changes in agrarian structure, that is the goal of land reform, but don��t concentrate to the land ownership. This attitude of the state in coping with the agrarian question is his response to the pressures of capitalist agriculture represented by landowners and agribusiness, coping catching an intense and uneven territorial dispute with peasant agriculture, in an attempt to impose its model of development for the field. The aimed of this present study is to understand better the land reform acquisition and its implications in the Brazilian territory, in order to understand it in their multiplicity.

An��lise comparativa entre Brasil e Alemanha sobre autoprodu����o de energia el��trica residencial

The energy crisis has affected many countries. With the growing warning with the emission in the atmosphere and the lack of resources, the seek for sustainable sources for energy genaration have become even bigger. Some Countries, as Germany, started first in this journey, creating an incentive program to self-generation with renewable sources (wind, photovoltaics, biomass, etc.), giving priority for smaller plants. In Germany the program called EEG started in 2004. In Brazil, since the beggining of 2012, the self-generators did not know how they could be beneficted for self-generation, and self-generation didn't become commun in the country. However, with NR 482, of April 17th, 2012, the parameters were defined, and the self-generator could have a guideline. Therewith, studyies can be redirected for a better knowlegde of the conditions the self-generator will be sujected, in addition to Germany's case as reference to compare with Brazil's case. In this paper these studies are made, focused in wind power (wind turbines) and photovoltaic panels

A energia solar fotovoltaica e seu mercado no Brasil

A energia solar fotovoltaica tem se destacado como uma op����o de fonte energ��tica limpa e muito confi��vel. No entanto, �� a Europa que det��m a maior representatividade fotovoltaica no mercado mundial, indo contra o senso comum de que seriam os pa��ses pertencentes ao Cintur��o do Sol aqueles com a maior capacidade instalada. Apesar das condi����es favor��veis para o desenvolvimento da fonte, o Brasil possui um mercado muito deficit��rio, contando apenas com poucos projetos de incentivo para levar eletricidade para comunidades carentes afastadas dos centros de gera����o ou das redes de distribui����o. O pa��s carece de programas exclusivos para a energia solar fotovoltaica que proporcionem incentivos ao mercado, a fim de impulsionar a ind��stria local e estimular o investimento no longo prazo para a maior diversifica����o da matriz energ��tica brasileira. Assim, o presente estudo buscou ilustrar e analisar o cen��rio do mercado brasileiro atual da energia solar fotovoltaica, apresentando seus saldos comerciais com os quatro principais mercados mundiais para a fonte: Europa, EUA, Jap��o e China, segundo os dados disponibilizados pelo banco de dados Aliceweb para os itens 8541401, 8541402 e 8541403, classificados segundo a NCM

Rela����o solo-vegeta����o em ��rea de cerrado no nordeste do Maranh��o, Brasil

P��s-gradua����o em Agronomia (Ci��ncia do Solo) - FCAV