Caracterización del ausentismo por incapacidad médica en los trabajadores administrativos de una empresa de salud

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a partir de la base de datos de ausentismo por incapacidad médica del área administrativa de una empresa de salud con sede en Bogotá durante el primer semestre de 2014 Objetivo: Caracterizar las principales causas de ausentismo laboral en los funcionarios administrativos de una empresa de salud desde la revisión de una base de datos para plantear recomendaciones de prevención. Métodos: Mediante un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal se analizó a un grupo de 284 trabajadores administrativos de una empresa de salud que reportaron ausentismo por incapacidad médica en el primer semestre de 2014. Resultados: Las principales causas de ausentismo laboral en el personal administrativo para el primer periodo de 2014 fueron por enfermedad general la diarrea y gastroenteritis (22,2%) y la rinofaringitis aguda (4,4%), y por enfermedad laboral los trastornos osteomusculares (1,04%). El 72% (207) de las incapacidades se generaron en trabajadores administrativos del género femenino y el 46.3% (133) en el grupo etáreo comprendido entre los 31-40 años; según la antigüedad laboral las personas que tienen entre 1 y 10 años generaron el 59.2% de los eventos. Conclusión: Las incapacidades en la población de estudio están dadas en mayor porcentaje por incapacidad general, por enfermedades infectocontagiosas y osteomusculares. Teniendo en cuenta que el presente estudio es netamente descriptivo, puede servir como punto de partida para futuros estudios en los que pueda medirse relación causal entre tipo de incapacidad, duración, género, cargo y grupo etáreo.

Mosteiro de S. Salvador de Paço de Sousa Contributo para a sua reabilitação arquitetónica

Este trabalho pretende contribuir para a reabilitação do Mosteiro de S. Salvador de Paço de Sousa assente na interpretação espacial do complexo monástico desde a fundação à extinção da comunidade religiosa, com particular nota para a intervenção efetuada pela DGEMN - Direção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais, no segundo quartel do século XX. Procura trazer pela primeira vez à luz uma representação dos seus espaços, usos e funções ao longo do tempo com recurso a desenhos, esquemas e imagens para permitir a apreensão do conjunto em determinadas fases da história e por consequência fundamentar uma eventual intervenção. O estudo fundamenta-se na recolhe de dados escritos que permitam aferir a vivência dos espaços, sua simbologia e utilidade, nomeadamente através de referências históricas e de carater simbólico e documentação gráfica que permita avaliar e comparar o assunto de estudo com outros exemplos e situações análogas. O cruzamento de dados analisados resulta na sua simbolização gráfica, de forma a veicular o entendimento espacial e simbólico, que remete o real conhecimento da arquitetura do Mosteiro de S. Salvador de Paço de Sousa e, por comparação, viabiliza um ponto de partida para futuras intervenções, seja deste mosteiro, seja de edifícios de características semelhantes.

Alfabetização e educação de adultos : um percurso de 1910 a 1926 : das intenções políticas às medidas concretas

Este trabalho visa contribuir para uma melhor percepção da problemática do analfabetismo, em Portugal, no primeiro quartel do século XX, tendo em conta o ideário educativo republicano e as suas concretizações a nível do ensino primário. Neste sentido, foram traçadas as linhas estruturantes desta problemática: uma, centrada nas ideias educativas sobre o analfabetismo e os debates no quotidiano escolar e jornalístico; e a outra referente às concretizações e realizações educativas republicanas que operacionalizaram o combate ao analfabetismo. O conceito de analfabetismo foi o fio condutor de todo o trabalho, do qual se delinearam as seguintes áreas: (i) Dos finais da Monarquia Constitucional à República: breve perspectiva histórica e educativa; (ii) O analfabetismo e suas causas; (iii) O combate ao analfabetismo; (iv) Escolas móveis e cursos nocturnos na promoção da alfabetização e, (v) Programas escolares: as propostas governamentais. A cada área corresponde um capítulo. A fonte principal deste trabalho foi a Imprensa de Educação e Ensino, consultada na Biblioteca Nacional, pois a mesma oferece uma complexa vastidão de materiais pertinentes para o tema. Entre os vários periódicos compulsados, destacam-se A Federação Escolar, Educação Nacional e O Professor Primário. A pesquisa exploratória e selectiva também conduziu ao semanário Sul da Beira. Muitas obras e estudos da época foram ainda pesquisados, com destaque para as actas dos Congressos da Liga Nacional de Instrução. Igualmente se afigurou significativo perscrutar o Diário da Câmara dos Deputados, o Diário do Senado da República e ainda o Diário do Governo para serem trabalhados, respectivamente, os debates parlamentares e a legislação. Assim, foi objectivo do trabalho configurar um painel revelador do tema que mobilizou personalidades académicas, jornalísticas e políticas, no período compreendido entre 1910 e 1926.

Eficácia da Terapia Combinada com Cefquinoma no Tratamento de Mastite Bovina

A Mastite é a afeção mais comum do úbere e consiste na reação inflamatória dos tecidos secretores da glândula mamária, como resposta a lesões traumáticas, infeções bacterianas e fúngicas. É uma das doenças mais observadas em explorações leiteiras, com grande impacto e perdas a nível económico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi a análise da eficácia da utilização de uma terapia combinada com Cefquinoma para o tratamento de mastites, comparando a terapêutica de Cefquinoma e outra terapêutica alternativa, o tempo de tratamento aplicado e a evolução do caso clínico. O estudo foi realizado num total de 80 vacas com mastite clínica em 3 explorações na área de grande Lisboa, tendo sido registados e analisados, para cada caso, qual o tratamento usado (a terapia combinada com Cefquinoma ou a terapêutica protocolar estabelecida pela exploração), o tempo de tratamento e a sua evolução clínica (se obteve cura, morte, refugo ou perda de ¼ mamário). O estudo da eficácia da terapia combinada com Cefquinoma pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da eficácia das terapias existentes como coadjuvantes da melhoria da rentabilidade das explorações leiteiras. Os resultados obtidos permitem estabelecer uma relação positiva entre a taxa de cura e a terapêutica usada.

Del otro lado de las cosas: regreso al pasado y al Quito colonial (Homenaje)

La autora analiza el desplazamiento, en dos niveles, realizado por el protagonista de esta novela de Proaño Arandi. El primero, un recorrido en el espacio físico, consiste en el regreso al Quito colonial, el segundo, un viaje simbólico, tiene que ver con la búsqueda –y recuperación– de la propia identidad a través de la reconstrucción de la memoria, tanto en sus aspectos colectivos como en aquellos que atañen directamente al personaje. Para que este ejercicio de recuperación del pasado pueda realizarse, Quito se presenta ante el lector como una ciudad dividida entre el sector moderno y el Centro Histórico, la ciudad real se manifiesta como algo totalmente lejano de la ciudad ideal, esto es, como el testimonio vivo de su fracaso y, en consecuencia, del fracaso del proyecto modernizador. La lucha de los individuos por un espacio al cual pertenecer se convierte en un asunto vital dentro de la esfera urbana: estar en un lugar equivale a hallarse a salvo del infierno. Ahí está la motivación que anima los esfuerzos del protagonista creado por Proaño Arandi. La pérdida de la memoria desemboca, indefectiblemente, en la pérdida del espacio –real y simbólico– que los seres humanos necesitamos para construir identidad.

spotlight europe #2012/04, June 2012: Can mobility offset unemployment?

Almost a quarter of the young people in the EU are unemployed. And once again it is the crisis-ridden states that have been hit hardest. But in other countries such as France, Sweden, and Luxembourg, younger members of the workforce, far more than their older counterparts, are also finding it difficult to get a job. Freedom of movement within the EU could help to provide them with new opportunities. All that is needed is the right kind of support.

The solubility of gypsum in calcareous soils

Three gypsiferous-calcareous soils from the Al-Hassa Oasis in Saudi Arabia were examined to determine the conditions under which dissolution of gypsum could be hindered by the formation of coatings of calcite during leaching. Batch extraction with water of a sandy clay loam, a sandy clay and a sandy loam containing 40, 26 and 5% gypsum and 14, 12 and 13% calcite respectively was followed by chemical analysis of the extracts, SEM examination and XRD and EDX microprobe analysis. Extraction in closed centrifuge tubes for I h or 5 h showed that initially gypsum dissolved to give solutions near to equilibrium but then in the sandy clay loam, between one quarter and one third of the gypsum could not dissolve. In the sandy clay about one fifth of the gypsum could not dissolve with none remaining in the sandy loam. All the extracts were close to equilibrium with calcite. SEM and EDX examination showed that coatings of calcite had formed on the gypsum particles. The sandy clay loam was also extracted using an open system in which either air or air +1% CO2 was bubbled through the suspensions for 1 h with stirring. The gypsum dissolved more rapidly and all of the gypsum dissolved. Thus, where the rate of dissolution of gypsum was rapid, calcite did not manage to cover the gypsum surfaces probably because the surface was being continuously removed. Slower leaching conditions in the field are likely to be conducive to the formation of coatings and less dissolution of gypsum. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The high-water mark. The siting of megalithic tombs on the Swedish island of Tjorn

In 1977 Grahame Clark suggested that the siting of megalithic tombs along the west coast of Scandinavia reflected the distribution of productive fishing grounds. Unlike the situation in other parts of Europe, these monuments were not associated with agriculture. Opinions have varied over the last quarter century, but enough is now known about changes of sea-level for his interpretation to be investigated on the ground. There seems to have been considerable diversity. On the large island of Örust some of the tombs located near to the sea appear to be associated with small natural enclosures defined by rock outcrops and may have been associated with grazing land. On the neighbouring island of Tjörn, however, the tombs were associated with small islands and important sea channels. During the Bronze Age the same areas included carvings of ships. Recent fieldwork in western Norway suggests that such locations were especially important in a maritime economy.

Intercomparison of aircraft instruments on board the C-130 and Falcon-20 over southern Germany during EXPORT2000

In the summer 2000 EXPORT aircraft campaign (European eXport of Precursors and Ozone by long-Range Transport), two comprehensively instrumented research aircraft measuring a variety of chemical species flew wing tip to wing tip for a period of one and a quarter hours. During this interval a comparison was undertaken of the measurements of nitrogen oxide (NO), odd nitrogen species (NOy), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3). The comparison was performed at two different flight levels, which provided a 10-fold variation in the concentrations of both NO (10 to 1000 parts per trillion by volume (pptv)) and NOy (200 to over 2500 pptv). Large peaks of NO and NOy observed from the Falcon 20, which were at first thought to be from the exhaust of the C-130, were also detected on the 4 channel NOxy instrument aboard the C-130. These peaks were a good indication that both aircraft were in the same air mass and that the Falcon 20 was not in the exhaust plume of the C-130. Correlations and statistical analysis are presented between the instruments used on the two separate aircraft platforms. These were found to be in good agreement giving a high degree of correlation for the ambient air studied. Any deviations from the correlations are accounted for in the estimated inaccuracies of the instruments. These results help to establish that the instruments aboard the separate aircraft are reliably able to measure the corresponding chemical species in the range of conditions sampled and that data collected by both aircraft can be co-ordinated for purposes of interpretation.

Clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania: Risk, intervention and knowledge transfer

In a cross-sectional study of 400 randomly selected smallholder dairy farms in the Tanga and Iringa regions of Tanzania, 14.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.6-17.3) of cows had developed clinical mastitis during the previous year. The point prevalence of subclinical mastitis, defined as a quarter positive by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) or by bacteriological culture, was 46.2% (95% Cl = 43.6-48.8) and 24.3% (95% Cl = 22.2-26.6), respectively. In a longitudinal disease study in Iringa, the incidence of clinical mastitis was 31.7 cases per 100 cow-years. A randomised intervention trial indicated that intramammary antibiotics significantly reduced the proportion of bacteriologically positive quarters in the short-term (14 days post-infusion) but teat dipping had no detectable effect on bacteriological infection and CMT positive quarters. Other risk and protective factors were identified from both the cross-sectional and longitudinal included animals with Boran breeding (odds ratio (OR) = 3,40, 95% CI = 1.00-11.57, P < 0.05 for clinical mastitis, and OR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.299.55, P < 0.01 for a CMT positive quarter), while the practice of residual calf suckling was protective for a bacteriologically positive quarter (OR = 0.63, 95% Cl = 0.48-0.81, P <= 0.001) and for a CMT positive quarter (OR = 0.69, 95% Cl = 0.63-0.75, P < 0.001). A mastitis training course for farmers and extension officers was held, and the knowledge gained and use of different methods of dissemination were assessed over time. In a subsequent randomised controlled trial, there were strong associations between knowledge gained and both the individual question asked and the combination of dissemination methods (village meeting, video and handout) used. This study demonstrated that both clinical and subclinical mastitis is common in smallholder dairying in Tanzania, and that some of the risk and protective factors for mastitis can be addressed by practical management of dairy cows following effective knowledge transfer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania: Risk, intervention and knowledge transfer

In a cross-sectional study of 400 randomly selected smallholder dairy farms in the Tanga and Iringa regions of Tanzania, 14.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.6-17.3) of cows had developed clinical mastitis during the previous year. The point prevalence of subclinical mastitis, defined as a quarter positive by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) or by bacteriological culture, was 46.2% (95% Cl = 43.6-48.8) and 24.3% (95% Cl = 22.2-26.6), respectively. In a longitudinal disease study in Iringa, the incidence of clinical mastitis was 31.7 cases per 100 cow-years. A randomised intervention trial indicated that intramammary antibiotics significantly reduced the proportion of bacteriologically positive quarters in the short-term (14 days post-infusion) but teat dipping had no detectable effect on bacteriological infection and CMT positive quarters. Other risk and protective factors were identified from both the cross-sectional and longitudinal included animals with Boran breeding (odds ratio (OR) = 3,40, 95% CI = 1.00-11.57, P < 0.05 for clinical mastitis, and OR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.299.55, P < 0.01 for a CMT positive quarter), while the practice of residual calf suckling was protective for a bacteriologically positive quarter (OR = 0.63, 95% Cl = 0.48-0.81, P <= 0.001) and for a CMT positive quarter (OR = 0.69, 95% Cl = 0.63-0.75, P < 0.001). A mastitis training course for farmers and extension officers was held, and the knowledge gained and use of different methods of dissemination were assessed over time. In a subsequent randomised controlled trial, there were strong associations between knowledge gained and both the individual question asked and the combination of dissemination methods (village meeting, video and handout) used. This study demonstrated that both clinical and subclinical mastitis is common in smallholder dairying in Tanzania, and that some of the risk and protective factors for mastitis can be addressed by practical management of dairy cows following effective knowledge transfer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy cows in Tanzania

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 randomly selected farms in each of the Iringa and Tanga regions of Tanzania to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows kept by smallholders. Subclinical mastitis was assessed using the California mastitis test (CMT), and by the bacteriological culture of 1500 milk samples collected from 434 clinically normal cows. The percentages of the cows (and quarters) with subclinical mastitis were 75.9 per cent (46.2 per cent) when assessed by the CMT and 43.8 per cent (24.3 per cent) when assessed by culture. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of a CMT-positive quarter were Boran breed (odds radio [OR]=3.51), a brought-in cow (rather than homebred) (OR=2.39), peak milk yield, and age. The stripping method of hand milking was associated with a significantly lower prevalence Of CMT-positive quarters (OR=0.51). The CMT-positive cows were more likely to be culture positive (OR=4.51), as were brought-in (OR=2.10) and older cows.

What do we mean when we refer to Bacteroidetes populations in the human gastrointestinal microbiota?

Recent large-scale cloning studies have shown that the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes may be important in the obesity-associated gut microbiota, but the species these phyla represent in this ecosystem has not been examined. The Bacteroidetes data from the recent Turnbaugh study were examined to determine those members of the phylum detected in human faecal samples. In addition, FISH analysis was performed on faecal samples from 17 healthy, nonobese donors using probe Bac303, routinely used by gut microbiologists to enumerate BacteroidesPrevotella populations in faecal samples, and another probe (CFB286) whose target range has some overlap with that of Bac303. Sequence analysis of the Turnbaugh data showed that 23/519 clones were chimeras or erroneous sequences; all good sequences were related to species of the order Bacteroidales, but no one species was present in all donors. FISH analysis demonstrated that approximately one-quarter of the healthy, nonobese donors harboured high numbers of Bacteroidales not detected by probe Bac303. It is clear that Bacteroidales populations in human faecal samples have been underestimated in FISH-based studies. New probes and complementary primer sets should be designed to examine numerical and compositional changes in the Bacteroidales during dietary interventions and in studies of the obesity-associated microbiota in humans and animal model systems.

Means, motive and opportunity? Disentangling client influence on performance measurement appraisals

This paper investigates the extent to which clients were able to influence performance measurement appraisals during the downturn in commercial property markets that began in the UK during the second half of 2007. The sharp change in market sentiment produced speculation that different client categories were attempting to influence their appraisers in different ways. In particular, it was recognised that the requirement for open‐ended funds to meet redemptions gave them strong incentives to ensure that their asset values were marked down to market. Using data supplied by Investment Property Databank, we demonstrate that, indeed, unlisted open‐ended funds experienced sharper drops in capital values than other fund types in the last quarter of 2007, after the market turning point and at the time when redemptions were at their highest. These differences are statistically significant and cannot simply be explained by differences in portfolio composition. Client influence on appraisal forms one possible explanation of the results observed: the different pressures on fund managers resulting in different appraisal outcomes.

Trends in the start of the wet season over Africa

A quarter of a century of daily rainfall data from the Global Telecommunications System are used to define the temporal and spatial variability of the start of the wet season over Africa and surrounding extreme south of Europe and parts of the Middle East. From 1978 to 2002, the start of the wet season arrived later in the year for the majority of the region, as time progressed. In some parts of the continent, there was an annual increase in the start date of up to 4 days per year. On average, the start of the wet season arrived 9–21 days later from 1978 to 2002, depending on the threshold used to define the start of the rains (varying from 10–30 mm over 2 days, with no dry period in the following 10 days). It is noted that the inter-annual variability of the start of the wet season is high with the range of start dates varying on average from 116 to 142 days dependent on the threshold used to determine the start date. These results may have important implications for agriculturists on all levels (from the individual farmer to those responsible for regional food supply), as knowledge of potential future climate changes starts to play an increasingly important role in the agricultural decision-making process, such as sowing and harvesting times.