Development and Validation of a Mice liar Electrokinetic Chromatography Method for Quantitative Determination of Butenolides in Piper malacophyllum (C. Presl) C. DC.

Introduction - A large number of natural and synthetic compounds having butenolides as a core unit have been described and many of them display a wide range of biological activities. Butenolides from P. malacophyllum have presented potential antifungal activities but no specific, fast, and precise method has been developed for their determination. Objective - To develop a methodology based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine butenolides in Piper species. Methodology - The extracts were analysed in an uncoated fused-silica capillaries and for the micellar system 20 mmol/L SDS, 20% (v/v) acetonitrile (ACN) and 10 mmol/L STB aqueous buffer at pH 9.2 were used. The method was validated for precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) and the standard deviations were determined from the standard errors estimated by the regression line. Results - A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for determination of butenolides in extracts gave full resolution for 1 and 2. The analytical curve in the range 10.0-50.0 mu g/mL (r(2) = 0.999) provided LOD and LOQ for 1 and 2 of 2.1/6.3 and 1.1/3.5 mu g/mL, respectively. The RSD for migration times were 0.12 and 1.0% for peak area ratios with 100.0 +/- 1.4% of recovery. Conclusions - A novel high-performance MEKC method developed for the analysis of butenolides 1 and 2 in leaf extracts of P. malacophyllum allowed their quantitative determined within an analysis time shorter than 5 min and the results indicated CE to be a feasible analytical technique for the quantitative determination of butenolides in Piper extracts. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Prenylated benzoic acid derivatives from Piper aduncum L. and P. hostmannianum C. DC. (Piperaceae)

The bioactivity-guided fractionation of the crude extracts from leaves of Brazilian species Piper aduncum and Piper hostmannianum by means of bioautography using the fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum afforded prenylated methyl benzoate, chromenes, and dihydrobenzopyran derivatives as antifungal compounds. The isolation and structural elucidation of a new compound methyl 4-hydroxy-3-(2`-hydroperoxy-3`-methyl-3`-butenyl) benzoate were performed by application of chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic analyses. (C) 2009 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In vitro morphogenesis and cell suspension culture establishment in Piper solmsianum C. DC. (Piperaceae)

In vitro morphogenesis and cell suspension culture establishment in Piper solmsianum C. DC. (Piperaceae)). Piper solmsianum is a shrub from Southeast Brazil in which many biologically active compounds were identified. The aim of this work was to establish a cell suspension culture system for this species. With this in mind, petiole and leaf explants obtained from in vitro plantlets were cultured in the presence of different plant growth regulator combinations (IAA, NAA, 2,4-D and BA). Root and indirect shoot adventitious formation, detected by histological analysis, was observed. Besides the different combinations of plant growth regulators, light regime and the supplement of activated charcoal (1.5 mg.l(-1)) were tested for callus induction and growth. Cultures maintained in light, on a 0.2 mg.l(-1) 2,4-D and 2 mg.l(-1) BA supplemented medium, and in the absence of activated charcoal, showed the highest calli fresh matter increment. From a callus culture, cell suspension cultures were established and their growth and metabolite accumulation studied. The achieved results may be useful for further characterization of the activated secondary metabolites pathways in in vitro systems of P. solmsianum.

DC Motor Speed Control via Fuzzy / Pole Placement / PI Controller

This report presents a new way of control engineering. Dc motor speed controlled by three controllers PID, pole placement and Fuzzy controller and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each controller for different conditions under loaded and unloaded scenarios using software Matlab. The brushless series wound Dc motor is very popular in industrial application and control systems because of the high torque density, high efficiency and small size. First suitable equations are developed for DC motor. PID controller is developed and tuned in order to get faster step response. The simulation results of PID controller provide very good results and the controller is further tuned in order to decrease its overshoot error which is common in PID controllers. Further it is purposed that in industrial environment these controllers are better than others controllers as PID controllers are easy to tuned and cheap. Pole placement controller is the best example of control engineering. An addition of integrator reduced the noise disturbances in pole placement controller and this makes it a good choice for industrial applications. The fuzzy controller is introduce with a DC chopper to make the DC motor speed control smooth and almost no steady state error is observed. Another advantage is achieved in fuzzy controller that the simulations of three different controllers are compared and concluded from the results that Fuzzy controller outperforms to PID controller in terms of steady state error and smooth step response. While Pole placement controller have no comparison in terms of controls because designer can change the step response according to nature of control systems, so this controller provide wide range of control over a system. Poles location change the step response in a sense that if poles are near to origin then step response of motor is fast. Finally a GUI of these three controllers are developed which allow the user to select any controller and change its parameters according to the situation.

Caracterização de espécies brasileiras de Adesmia DC. por RAPD

Dentro do gênero Adesmia, as técnicas moleculares ainda não foram empregadas na caracterização de germoplasma e na análise da diversidade genética das espécies brasileiras que compôem o gênero. Portanto os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar, com a utilização de marcador molecular do tipo RAPD, as espécies brasileiras do gênero Adesmia DC; com base nestas informações estabelecer relações de diversidade genética entre as espécies e os acessos analisados; relacionar dados de diversidade com dados morfológicos e de reprodução.

Gasto energético de pacientes em ventilação mecânica: estudo comparativo das modalidades controlada e assistida através da calorimetria indireta

A necessidade de estimar com precisão o gasto energético dos pacientes gravemente doentes é cada vez mais importante para que se possa planejar uma nutrição adequada. Está bem estabelecido que tanto a desnutrição quanto o excesso alimentar prejudicam a evolução favorável destes doentes, especialmente quando estão sob ventilação mecânica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o Gasto Energético Total (GET) dos pacientes ventilados mecanicamente nos modos controlado e assistido, através da calorimetria indireta, medidos pelos monitores de gases TEEM-100 e DATEX-OHMEDA, verificando a necessidade de ajuste no aporte calórico em cada modo, correlacionando-os com a equação de Harris-Benedict (H-B). Foram estudados 100 pacientes em que os gases exalados (CO2 e O2) foram medidos durante 20 minutos em cada modo ventilatório (controlado e assistido) e o gasto energético calculado pela fórmula de “Weir”, determinando o GET, em 24 horas e comparado com o GET estimado pela equação de H-B. A média do escore APACHE II foi 21,1± 8,3. A média dos valores estimados pela equação de H-B foi de 1853,87±488,67 Kcal/24 h, considerando os fatores de atividade e estresse. Os valores médios obtidos pela calorimetria indireta (CI) foram de 1712,76 ±491,95 Kcal/24 h para a modalidade controlada e de 1867,33±542,67 Kcal/24 h para a assistida. A média do GET na modalidade assistida foi de 10,71% maior do que na controlada (p<0,001). A comparação das médias do GET, obtidos por CI com a equação de H-B ajustada para fatores de atividade e estresse demonstraram que a equação superestimou em 141,10 Kcal/24 h (8,2%) (p=0,012), quando na modalidade controlada. Retirando-se os fatores de atividade, observou-se uma tendência não significativa a subestimar em 44,28 Kcal/24 h (2,6%) (p=0,399). Quando na modalidade assistida, a comparação com H-B sem o fator de atividade, a medida por CI subestima em 198,84 Kcal/24 h, (10,71%), (p=0,001), enquanto que com o fator de atividade também subestimam, mas em 13,46 Kcal/24 h (0,75%) sem significância estatística (p=0,829). As diferenças observadas com o uso ou não de vasopressor, presença ou não de infecção e sepse como causa de internação na UTI, o tipo de dieta parenteral ou enteral ou sem dieta, e as faixas etárias não tiveram significância estatística, portanto não tiveram influência no gasto energético entre os modos ventilatórios. Os homens quando ventilando no modo controlado gastaram mais energia em relação às mulheres (1838,08 vs. 1577,01; p=0,007). Concluindo-se, os dados sugerem que devemos considerar o fator de atividade de 10%, somente quando em VM assistida, uma vez que este fator de atividade determina hiperalimentação, quando no modo controlado.

Análise experimental da ação hepatoprotetora e antiinflamatória de Baccharis trimera (Less) DC Asteraceae

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A visão dos profissionais da saúde na abordagem de questões de reprodução assistida : uma perspectiva transcultural

Resumo não disponível.

The impact of the 2008 economic recession on three residential property type investments: a case study of five diverse zip codes in Washington DC, USA

There has been 47 recessions in the United States of America (US) since 1790. US recessions have increasingly affected economies of other countries in the world as nations become more and more interdependent on each other. The worst economic recession so far was the “Great Depression” – an economic recession that was caused by the 1929 crash of the stock market in the US. The 2008 economic recession in the US was a result of the burst of the “housing bubble” created by predatory lending. The economic recession resulted in increased unemployment (according to NBER 8.7 million jobs were lost from Feb. 2008 to Feb. 2010); decrease in GDP by 5.1%; increase in poverty level from 12.1% (2007) to 16.0% (2008) (NBER) This dissertation is an attempt to research the impact of the 2008 economic recession on different types of residential investments: a case study of five (5) diverse neighborhoods/zip codes in Washington DC, USA The main findings were that the effect of the 2008 economic depression on the different types of residential properties was dependent on the location of the property and the demographics/socio-economic factors associated with that location.