999 resultados para Propietat industrial -- Aspectes ètics i morals
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Crowding-out during the British Industrial Revolution has long been one of the leadingexplanations for slow growth during the Industrial Revolution, but little empirical evidence exists to support it. We argue that examinations of interest rates are fundamentally misguided, and that the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century private loan market balanced through quantity rationing. Using a unique set of observations on lending volume at a London goldsmith bank, Hoare s, we document the impact of wartime financing on private credit markets. We conclude that there is considerable evidence that government borrowing, especially during wartime, crowded out private credit.
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This paper presents new estimates of total factor productivity growth in Britain for the period1770 1860. We use the dual technique and argue that the estimates we derive from factorprices are of similar quality to quantity-based calculations. Our results provide further evidence,calculated on the basis of an independent set of sources, that productivity growth duringthe British Industrial Revolution was relatively slow. The Crafts Harley view of theIndustrial Revolution is thus reinforced. Our preferred estimates suggest a modest accelerationafter 1800.
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Estadstica del desarrollo de la flota pesquera en el Per por un periodo de 10 aos y a travs del tipo de pesca, clases de eslora y puertos de inscripcin. Los informes ms detallados corresponden al ao 1961 y 1962, donde la flota empleada para cada tipo de pesca industrial fue agrupada en clases de eslora y puertos de inscripcin para la flota nacional y por puertos de desembarqu, para las embarcaciones de bandera extranjera. Solamente algunos cuadros se han hecho con indicadores analticos para demostrar la estructura de la flota bolichera
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Why was England first? And why Europe? We present a probabilistic model that builds on big-push models by Murphy, Shleifer and Vishny (1989), combined with hierarchical preferences. The interaction of exogenous demographic factors (in particular the English low-pressure variant of the European marriage pattern)and redistributive institutions such as the old Poor Law combined to make an Industrial Revolution more likely. Essentially, industrialization is the result of having a critical mass of consumers that is rich enough to afford (potentially) mass-produced goods. Our model is then calibrated to match the main characteristics of the English economy in 1750 and the observed transition until 1850.This allows us to address explicitly one of the key features of the British IndustrialRevolution unearthed by economic historians over the last three decades the slowness of productivity and output change. In our calibration, we find that the probability of Britain industrializing is 5 times larger than France s. Contrary to the recent argument by Pomeranz, China in the 18th century had essentially no chance to industrialize at all. This difference is decomposed into a demographic and a policy component, with the former being far more important than the latter.
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The mercantile company was the basic form of enterprise in pre-industrial Catalonia. The aim of this paper is to study the formation and development of the mercantile companies in Barcelona whose end was the wholesale and retail sale of textiles in the botigues de teles (textile retail shops) throughout the eighteenth century. These firms were officially registered before a notary and their deeds reveal how these establishments were administered and managed.The study covers a sample of 121 mercantile companies, and the articles and documentation that were put into effect by 32 notaries who were active in Barcelona in the 18th century have been consulted in their entirety. From an initial selection of documentation, a total of 228 deeds registering companies have been found, 107 of which (47%) relate to the creation of companies whose various activities were centred in taverns, textile manufacturing, braiding.... While the 121 companies, which make up our sample and which account for 53% of the deeds registered with the notaries mentioned above, focused exclusively on the management of textile retail shops located in the commercial heart of the city. Thus one point of interest that the documentation reveals is that the majority of the mercantile companies registered by Barcelona notaries throughout the 18th century were establishments which traded in textiles. The first part of the article focuses on the structural characteristics of these enterprises, the number and socio-professional status of the partners and the extent of each partner s involvement in the administration and management. The second part of the article examines the capital investment made by each partner, their rights and obligations agreed on, the sharing out of profits and possible losses and the duration of the companies. The final aim of the paper is to highlight the evolution of these companies through one specific case.
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Moral codes are produced and enforced by more or less specialized means and are subject to standard economic forces. This paper argues that the intermediary role played by the Catholic Church between God and Christians, a key difference from Protestantism, faces the standard trade-off of specialization benefits and agency costs. It applies this trade-off hypothesis to confession of sins to priests, an institution that epitomizes such intermediation, showing that this hypothesis fits cognitive, historical and econometric evidence better than a simpler rent-seeking story. In particular, Catholics who confess more often are observed to comply more with the moral code; however, no relationship is observed between mass attendance and moral compliance. The data also links the current decline in confession to the rise in education, which makes moral self-enforcement less costly, and to the productivity gap suffered by confession services, given its necessarily interpersonal nature.
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The Industrial Revolution was characterized by technologicalprogress and an increasing capital intensity. Why did real wages stagnateor fall in the beginning? I answer this question by modeling the IndustrialRevolution as the introduction of a relatively more capital intensiveproduction method in a standard neoclassical framework. I show that{\sl real wages fall in the beginning of an industrial revolution if andonly if technological progress in the relatively more capital intensivesector is relatively fast.}
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Treball de recerca realitzat per alumnes densenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit cientfic del Jovent lany 2010. Lobjectiu del treball ha consistit a desenvolupar un programa informtic per controlar les fases d'un procs de rentat industrial.
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Aquest treball s un anlisi de tres aproximacions pedaggiques en el camp de la msica sorgides al segle XX; la de Shinichi Suzuki, Paul Rolland i Mimi Zweig. Les tres estan centrades en lensenyament del viol i formen part de les aproximacions pedaggiques ms conegudes i amb ms reputaci en aquest camp. Shan volgut estudiar i analitzar de manera separada cada una daquestes aproximacions i, posteriorment, fer-ne una comparaci que permeti observar aquells aspectes que comparteixen i aquells amb els quals difereixen. La conclusi extreta s que el coneixement de diferents aproximacions pedaggiques i ladequada combinaci daquestes, a lhora dimpartir la nostra tasca com a docents, s el que ens enriqueix com a pedagogs i tamb com a persones.
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Lany 2010, la Policia de la Generalitat-Mossos dEsquadra regula per primera vegada, mitjanant una ordre de servei 1/2010 i un procediment intern, quines sn les principals actuacions policials en matria datenci, denncia i seguiment a vctimes dillcits penals motivats per lodi i la discriminaci. Sincorporen nous mbits a laplicaci dAtestats i denncies, amb la finalitat de visibilitzar les segents problemtiques relacionades amb lodi i la discriminaci: Aporofbia Antisemita Disminut fsic/sensorial Disminut psquic/mental tnic/origen nacional/origen racial Homofbia Orientaci poltica Religis Sexisme Lany 2012, amb motiu de la implantaci dun nou Pla datenci i seguiment a vctimes del Departament dInterior, la Direcci General de la Policia impulsa un procs de millora de tota la documentaci que regula latenci de les vctimes no noms de violncia masclista o domstica sin tamb daltres collectius especialment vulnerables com sn les vctimes dillcits penals motivats per lodi i la discriminaci. Es realitza una instrucci operativa, AV-IN-22 Latenci a les vctimes dillcits penals motivats per lodi i la discriminaci, amb lobjectiu de dotar a la PG-ME duns criteris i normes bsiques dactuaci en relaci a la prevenci, la detecci, particularitats de la instrucci / denncia, i el seguiment i protecci daquestes vctimes.
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1.El Pla de govern 2004-2007, va incloure per primera vegada poltiques especfiques per a les persones LGTB. Es va crear el Pla interdepartamental per a la no discriminaci de las persones LGTB 2006-2014, que crea el Consell Nacional para persones LGTB del Departament dAcci Social i Ciutadania i detalla accions de govern que afecten al Departament dInterior. A nivell municipal: creaci de diferents consells LGTB.Creaci el 2007 de la figura del Fiscal interlocutor en delictes amb component de discriminaci per orientaci sexual. Coincidncia durant 2008 de diferents esdevenimentsLGTB: Conferencia internacional de policies gais-les en Barcelona, Eurogames, Creuers internacionals, mostra internacional de cinema, Gaycircus, Loveball, Circuit-festival, etc.
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El present treball, Crisi de leuro, identitat europea i la sostenibilitat de laUE com a projecte transnacional. Narratives meditiques de la crisi dedeute europeu (anys 2010-2011) a la premsa de referncia de diferentspasos de la UE, s una proposta de recerca doctoral. La recerca que esproposa pretn reflexionar sobre fins a quin punt es dnen les condicionsper a lexistncia duna esfera pblica europea en la premsa de refernciageneralista, a partir de lestudi de les cobertures informatives sobre la criside deute sobir a la zona Euro efectuades per diaris del Regne Unit,Frana, Espanya, Alemanya i Itlia. Amb aquest objectiu, es dissenya una recerca emprica centrada en determinar el grau de convergncia discursiva i la visibilitat i els valors atorgats a institucions europees i estatals, i a collectius identitaris mitjanant lestudi dagendes meditiques, frames, idees poltiques i fonts informatives.
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El petit per ric patrimoni hidrulic (preses, rescloses, squies, recs...) del pas testimonia lintens aprofitament que han tingut els nostres rius al llarg de la histria. Per aquest patrimoni encara no gaudeix del reconeixement i la valoraci que comencen a tenir els grans edificis o conjunts del patrimoni industrial vinculat a laigua
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En el petit comer i el seu entorn, es produeixen un seguit d'accions totes elles relacionades d'una manera o d'una altra, amb la venda d'articles als clients finals, comenant per l'entrada dels articles comprats als provedors, passant per l'etiquetatge i acabant per la prpia venda i el control de vendes posteriors a partir de llistats.Aquest projecte va adreat a tot el petit negoci que necessita vendre productes d'una manera rpida, gil i eficient, aix com portar una gesti dels aspectes ms rellevants relacionats amb la venda. s en aquest escenari on sorgeix la idea de COMTPV. La finalitat de l'aplicaci COMTPV ser la de cobrir les necessitats dels petits comeros per tal de poder informartitzar la venda d'articles als clients finals i les gestions relacionades.
