993 resultados para Potential fields
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Antecedentes: En nuestro laboratorio hemos demostrado que antgenos (Ags) de Fasciola hepatica inducen en clulas dendrticas murinas (CD), diferentes propiedades tolerognicas como la incapacidad por si mismos de inducir la maduracin de las clulas, la resistencia a la maduracin por ligandos de TLR, el incremento en la produccin de IDO y tambin la capacidad de esta estas clulas de dirigir la respuesta inmune hacia un perfil Th2 y T reg. Por otra parte ha sido bien documentado que CD con caractersticas tolerognicas, ya sea inmaduras o semimaduras, son tiles para reducir respuestas inflamatorias excesivas tales como las que ocurren en enfermedades autoinmunes. Adems hemos demostrado que CD tratadas con Ags del parsito en conjunto con un ligando Toll (CpG-ODN) producen altos niveles de citoquinas anti-inflamatorias (IL-10 y TGF-) bajos de citoquinas proinflamatorias (TNF, IL-6, IL-12). Hiptesis: El fenotipo semimaduro alcanzado en las CDpodra ser utilizado para reducir la inflamacin en un modelo de enfermedad autoinmune en donde existe una exacerbada respuesta Th1 y Th17, ya que la produccin elevada de IL-10 y TGF- podra inhibir o controlar estas respuestas de manera directa o a travs de la induccin de clulas T regulatorias. Objetivos: En este proyecto nosotros proponemos la inmunizacin de animales susceptibles (ratones DBA1/j), al desarrollo de artritis inducida por colgeno (AIC) con CD tratadas con Ags de F. hepatica en conjunto con CpG-ODN para reducir los sntomas clnicos de la enfermedad. Materiales a utilizar: En nuestro laboratorio hemos desarrollado un modelo de artritis inducida por colgeno (AIC) mediante dos inmunizaciones de ratones DBA1/j con colgeno tipo II bovino y adyuvante de Freund. El modelo permiti establecer un ndice clnico mediante la hinchazn en las patas de los animales. Doce das posteriores a la primera inmunizacin los animales sern inyectados con CD tratadas con: 1. PBS, 2.Extracto total de F.hepatica (TE) + CII, 3. CpG + CII, 4. TE+CpG+CII Se realizar la observacin macroscpica diaria, a partir de los 7 das de la 2a inmunizacin Luego del sacrificio las articulaciones de las patas se prepararn para realizar un anlisis histolgico. Se detectar en suero los niveles de anticuerpos IgG1 (perfil Th2) y de IgG2a (perfil Th1) mediante la tcnica de ELISA. Se detectar tambin el perfil de citoquinas en los ndulos drenantes por la tcnica de ELISA y adicionalmente la poblacines celulares de clulas T regulatorias (Treg) CD4+CD25+Foxp3 o clulas Tr1. Resultados esperados: Pensamos que el tratamiento de los animales que desarrollan AIC con CD semimaduras (por el tratamiento con TE y CpG), sern capaces de migrar a los rganos linfaticos y secretar TGF-be(inductora de clulas T reg), IL-10 (inductoras de clulas Tr1), IDO inhibitoria de la respuesta de Li T y promotor de clulas T reg, tambin podra generarse una respuesta Th2 (por la presencia de antgenos del parsito), y estas respuestas aisladas o en forma sinrgica podran inhibir las respuestas de tipo Th17 y Th1 asociadas a la patologa en esta enfermedad. Importancia del proyecto: En el desarrollo de la artritis existe un aumento de la inmunidad mediada por clulas, asi como de la respuesta inmune humoral hacia componentes de la matriz del cartlago. El tratamiento convencional de la artritis recae en general en el uso de inmunosupresores no-especficos, los cuales poseen una variedad de efectos adversos y la inhibicin de la respuesta inflamatoria no es especfica. En este proyecto proponemos el uso de CD tratadas con antgenos del helminto F. hepatica y CpG ligando Tol que capacita a estas clulas para generar una respuesta adaptativa de tipo regulatoria, til en la inhibicin de las respuestas inflamatorias como la que ocurre durante la progresin de artritis reumatoidea en un modelo experimental en ratones. We have shown that F. hepatica Ags-treated dendritic cells (DC) together with a TLRl ligand (CpG-ODN) produce high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-Beta) and low of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL -12). Hypothesis: The semimature phenotype achieved by DC, could be used to reduce inflammation in a model of autoimmune disease. The high production of IL-10 and TGF-Beta by these cells could directly or through the induction of T reg cells inhibit the inflammatory response. Objective: In this project we propose the immunization of DBA1 / j mice, susceptible to the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with F. hepatica-treated DC in conjunction with CpG-ODN to reduce clinical signs of disease. Materials: In our laboratory, we developed the CIA model by two immunizations of DBA1 / j mice with bovine type II collagen and Freund's adjuvant. The model allowed to stablish a clinical index by swelling in the legs of animals. Twelve days after the first immunization the animals are injected with DC treated with: 1. PBS 2. F.hepatica Extract (TE) + CII, 3. CpG + CII, 4. TE + CpG + CII Macroscopic observation will take place daily from 7 days of the 2nd immunization. After sacrifice the joints of the legs will be prepared for histological analysis. Serum levels of IgG1 antibodies (Th2 profile) and IgG2a (Th1 profile) will be detected by ELISA. It will also detected the cytokine profile in draining lymph nodes by ELISA and additionally the cell populations of regulatory T cells (Treg) CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 or Tr1 cells. Expected results: We believe that the treatment of animals that had developed CIA with DC will be able to migrate to lymphatic organs and secrete TGF-B (T reg cell-inducing), IL-10 (inducing Tr1 cells), IDO (inhibitory of T cells and inducing of T reg cells) could alone or in synergy inhibit Th17-type responses and Th1 associated with the pathology in this disease.
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Odour nuisance in other European countries has led to the development of techniques which employ panels of human assessors for the determination of environmental odours. Odour measurement is not widely practised in Ireland, yet local authorities are frequently in receipt of odour derived public complaints. This dissertation examines the fundamentals of odour nuisance in terms of how we perceive odours, common sources of environmental odours, the principles of odour measurement (in particular the Sutch pre-standard on olfactometry) and the extent to which odour nuisance is a problem in Ireland. The intention is to provide a reference document for use by those interested parties in the country who may be variously involved in policy making, legislative development, enforcement of environmental law or any person who has an interest in odours and the public nuisance they can give rise to. In particular the aim was to provide previously undocumented information on the prevalence of odour nuisance in Ireland, the exercision of the available powers to control odours, and the possible value of odour measurement as part of a regulatory process. A questionnaire was circulated to all local authorities in the country and 82% responded with information on their experiences and views on the subject of odours. The results of the survey are presented in summary and detailed form.
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Research was conducted to investigate the potential for ecologically engineering a sustainable wetland ecosystem over pyritic mine tailings to prevent the generation of acid mine drainage. Ecological engineering is technology with the primary goal being the creation of self-sustainable ecological systems. Work involved the design and construction of a pilot-scale wetland system comprising three wetland cells, each covering 100 m2. Approximately forty tonnes of pyritic mine tailings were deposited on the base of the first cell above a synthetic liner, covered with peat, flooded and planted with emergent wetland macrophytes Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, and Juncus effusus. The second cell was constructed as a conventional free water surface wetland, planted identically, and used as a reference wetland/experimental control. Wetland monitoring to determine long-term sustainability focused on indicators of ecosystem health including ecological, hydrological, physico-chemical, geochemical, and biotic metrics. An integrated assessment was conducted that involved field ecology in addition to ecological risk assessment. The objective of the field ecology study was to use vegetative parameters as ecological indicators for documenting wetlands success or degradation. The goal of the risk assessment was to determine if heavy-metal contamination of the wetland sediments occurred through metal mobilisation from the underlying tailings, and to evaluate if subsequent water column chemistry and biotic metal concentrations were significantly correlated with adverse wetland ecosystem impacts. Data were used to assess heavy metal bioavailability within the system as a function of metal speciation in the wetland sediments. Results indicate hydrology is the most important variable in the design and establishment of the tailings wetland and suggest a wetland cover is an ecologically viable alternative for pyritic tailings which are feasible to flood. Ecological data indicate that in terms of species richness and diversity, the tailings-wetland was exhibiting the ecological characteristics of natural wetlands within two years. Ata indicate that pH and conductivity in the tailings-wetland were not adversely impacted by the acid-generating potential or sulphate concentration of the tailings substrate and its porewater. Similarly, no enhanced seasonal impacts from sulphate or metals in the water column, nor adverse impacts on the final water quality of the outflows, were detected. Mean total metal concentrations in the sediments of the tailings-wetland indicate no significant adverse mobilisation of metals into the peat substrate from the tailings. Correlation analyses indicate a general increase in sediment metal concentration in this wetland with increasing water depth and pH, and a corresponding decrease in the metal concentrations of the water column. Sediment extractions also showed enrichment of Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn in the oxidisable fraction (including sulphides and organic matter) of the tailings-wetland sediments. These data suggest that adsorption and coprecipitation of metals is occurring from the water column of the tailings wetland with organic material at increasing depths under reducing conditions. The long-term control of metal bioavailability in the tailings wetland will likely be related to the presence and continual build-up of organic carbon binding sites in the developing wetland above the tailings. Metal speciation including free-metal ion concentration and the impact of physico-chemical parameters particularly pH and organic matter, were investigated to assess ecotoxicological risk. Results indicate that potentially bioavailable metals (the sum of the exchangeable and reducible fractions) within the tailings wetland are similar to values cited for natural wetlands. Estimated free-metal ion concentrations calculated from geochemical regression models indicate lower free-metal ion concentrations of Cd in the tailings wetland than natural wetlands and slightly higher free-metal ion concentrations of Pb and Zn. Increased concentrations of metals in roots, rhizomes and stems of emergent macrophytes did not occur in the tailings wetland. Even though a substantial number of Typha latifolia plants were found rooting directly into tailings, elevated metals were not found in these plant tissues. Phragmites also did not exhibit elevated metal concentrations in any plant tissues. Typha and Phragmites populations appear to be exhibiting metal-tolerant behaviour. The chemistry of the water column and sediments in Silvermines wetland were also investigated and were much more indicative of a wetland system impacted by heavy metal contamination than the tailings-wetland. Mean Dc, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations in the water column and sediments of Silvermines wetlands were substantially higher than in the pilot wetlands and closely approximate concentrations in these matrices contaminated with metals from mining. In addition, mean sulphate concentration in Silvermines wetland was substantially higher and is closer to sulphate concentrations in waters associated with mining. Potentially bioavailable metals were substantially elevated in Silvermines wetland in comparison to the pilot wetlands and higher than those calculated for natural rive sediments. However, Fe oxy-hydroxide concentrations in Silvermines sediments are also much higher than in the pilot wetlands and this significantly impacts the concentration of free-metal ions in the sediment porewater. The free-metal ion concentrations for Pb and Zn indicate that Silvermines wetland is retaining metals and acting as a treatment wetland for drainage emanating from Silvermines tailings dam.
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The determination of the climatic potential of tourism to Tbilisi (the capital of Georgia) into the correspondence with that frequently utilized in other countries of the tourism climate index is carried out.
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Background: Cardiac tumors are rare, mostly benign with high embolic potential. Objectives: To correlate the histological type of cardiac masses with their embolic potential, implantation site and long term follow up in patients undergoing surgery. Methods: Between January 1986 and December 2011, we retrospectively analyzed 185 consecutive patients who underwent excision of intracardiac mass (119 females, mean age 48±20 years). In 145 patients, the left atrium was the origin site. 72% were asymptomatic and prior embolization was often observed (19.8%). The diagnosis was established by echocardiography, magnetic resonance and histological examination. Results: Most tumors were located in the left side of the heart. Myxoma was the most common (72.6%), followed by fibromas (6.9%), thrombi (6.4%) and sarcomas (6.4%). Ranging from 0.6cm to 15cm (mean 4.6 ± 2.5cm) 37 (19.8%) patients had prior embolization, stroke 10.2%, coronary 4.8%, peripheral 4.3% 5.4% of hospital death, with a predominance of malignant tumors (40% p < 0.0001). The histological type was a predictor of mortality (rhabdomyomas and sarcomas p = 0.002) and embolic event (sarcoma, lipoma and fibroelastoma p = 0.006), but not recurrence. Tumor size, atrial fibrillation, cavity and valve impairment were not associated with the embolic event. During follow-up (mean 80±63 months), there were 2 deaths (1.1%) and two recurrences 1 and 11 years after the operation, to the same cavity. Conclusion: Most tumors were located in the left side of the heart. The histological type was predictor of death and preoperative embolic event, while the implantation site carries no relation with mortality or to embolic event.
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Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. fr Maschinenbau, Diss., 2011
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Pyrogallol, uncatalyzed bromate oscillator, electric field, pulse wave, Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, reversal
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Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit stellt im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche den Forschungsstand zum Konzept des psychologischen Arbeitsvertrages im deutschsprachigen Raum vor. Anhand der Studienergebnisse aus Datenbankrecherchen wird das gesundheitsfrderliche Potential tragfhiger psychologischer Arbeitsvertrge ermittelt. Durch die Einbettung des Konzeptes des psychologischen Arbeitsver-trages in Modelle zur Erklrung psychosozialer Arbeitsbelastungen werden Parallelen aufgezeigt und der Mehrwert des Konzeptes herausgearbeitet. Aus der Verknpfung der gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden Erkenntnisse fr das Setting Arbeitsplatz abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine als mangelhaft wahrgenommene Reziprozitt mit einer hnlichen Strke als Stressor wirkt, wie ttigkeitsbezogene Stressoren. Werden psychologische Arbeitsvertrge gebrochen, kann es zu Loyalittsverlusten, innerer Kndigung, tatschlicher Kndigung, aber auch zu Depressionen und psychosomatischen Erkrankungen kommen. In tragfhigen psychologischen Arbeitsvertrgen wirken Gerechtigkeitsempfinden, Anerkennung, Wertschtzung und Vertrauen als Jobressourcen. Diese vom Arbeitgeber gebotenen Jobressourcen knnen Belastungen von Mitarbeitern abpuffern und gesundheitsfrdernd wirken.
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Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is a choice of great relevance because of its impact on health. Some biomarkers, such as microparticles derived from different cell populations, have been considered useful in the assessment of cardiovascular disease. Microparticles are released by the membrane structures of different cell types upon activation or apoptosis, and are present in the plasma of healthy individuals (in levels considered physiological) and in patients with different pathologies. Many studies have suggested an association between microparticles and different pathological conditions, mainly the relationship with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the effects of different lipid-lowering therapies have been described in regard to measurement of microparticles. The studies are still controversial regarding the levels of microparticles that can be considered pathological. In addition, the methodologies used still vary, suggesting the need for standardization of the different protocols applied, aiming at using microparticles as biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Background:Polypharmacy is a significant economic burden.Objective:We tested whether using reverse auction (RA) as compared with commercial pharmacy (CP) to purchase medicine results in lower pharmaceutical costs for heart failure (HF) and heart transplantation (HT) outpatients.Methods:We compared the costs via RA versus CP in 808 HF and 147 HT patients followed from 2009 through 2011, and evaluated the influence of clinical and demographic variables on cost.Results:The monthly cost per patient for HF drugs acquired via RA was $10.15 (IQ 3.51-40.22) versus $161.76 (IQ 86.05‑340.15) via CP; for HT, those costs were $393.08 (IQ 124.74-774.76) and $1,207.70 (IQ 604.48-2,499.97), respectively.Conclusion:RA may reduce the cost of prescription drugs for HF and HT, potentially making HF treatment more accessible. Clinical characteristics can influence the cost and benefits of RA. RA may be a new health policy strategy to reduce costs of prescribed medications for HF and HT patients, reducing the economic burden of treatment.
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feature extraction, feature tracking, vector field visualization
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Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. fr Informatik, Diss., 2009
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Abstract Background: The revascularization strategy of the left main disease is determinant for clinical outcomes. Objective: We sought to 1) validate and compare the performance of the SYNTAX Score 1 and 2 for predicting major cardiovascular events at 4 years in patients who underwent unprotected left main angioplasty and 2) evaluate the long-term outcome according to the SYNTAX score 2-recommended revascularization strategy. Methods: We retrospectively studied 132 patients from a single-centre registry who underwent unprotected left main angioplasty between March 1999 and December 2010. Discrimination and calibration of both models were assessed by ROC curve analysis, calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results: Total event rate was 26.5% at 4 years.The AUC for the SYNTAX Score 1 and SYNTAX Score 2 for percutaneous coronary intervention, was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.49-0.73) and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57-0.78), respectively. Despite a good overall adjustment for both models, the SYNTAX Score 2 tended to underpredict risk. In the 47 patients (36%) who should have undergone surgery according to the SYNTAX Score 2, event rate was numerically higher (30% vs. 25%; p=0.54), and for those with a higher difference between the two SYNTAX Score 2 scores (Percutaneous coronary intervention vs. Coronary artery by-pass graft risk estimation greater than 5.7%), event rate was almost double (40% vs. 22%; p=0.2). Conclusion: The SYNTAX Score 2 may allow a better and individualized risk stratification of patients who need revascularization of an unprotected left main coronary artery. Prospective studies are needed for further validation.
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Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. fr Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2010
