771 resultados para Pegada hídrica


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Mode of access: Internet.

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La vinculación productiva de los diferentes espacios agrícolas regionales argentinos al mercado mundial, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, fue llevada adelante mediante diferentes políticas públicas en torno a la propiedad de los bienes, la gestión del territorio y los recursos. Y cada una de estas políticas impactaron en la relación entre las comunidades locales y los poderes provinciales. ;Con respecto a la gestión de los recursos hídricos, un tema aún poco abordado por la historiografía concentrada en las grandes llanuras, en este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar los modos en que fue cambiando el uso del agua para beneficiar a la agricultura en las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires, entre mediados de la década de 1870 y 1900. En la primera, estudiaremos la forma en que la cuenca del río Dulce se verá atravesada por canales principales que, tomando agua del curso principal, la derivarán a través de una red de canales subsidiarios e hijuelas, que trazaron una compleja red hídrica principalmente en el ejido urbano de la ciudad de Santiago del Estero para desarrollar cultivos novedosos para la provincia como la vid y la caña de azúcar, dando lugar a una serie de pequeñas villas. En la segunda observaremos cómo la demanda de grandes propietarios de las tierras de reciente ocupación criolla del suroeste provincial posibilitaba la construcción de canales de desvío de ríos y arroyos para regar sus campos, como así también la provincia desarrolló una serie de estudios de canalización para generar colonias agrícolas. ;Nos proponemos avanzar sobre las relaciones entre las tramas políticas y económicas y las confluencias de intereses públicos y particulares, que hicieron posible que los gobiernos provinciales tomaran bajo su responsabilidad la provisión de agua para el desarrollo de la agricultura; identificaremos las instituciones involucradas en el gerenciamiento del aprovisionamiento de agua y las cuestiones técnicas que se pusieron en juego, las dificultades que debían sortearse y los límites que planteaba el esquema de desarrollo. Por último, y teniendo en cuenta que para la administración del agua de riego el gobierno de Santiago del Estero organizó un esquema sindical centralizado con apoyaturas departamentales, nos adentraremos en la historia del primer espacio democratizador en la provincia con instituciones cuyas autoridades eran elegidas por los propios regantes propietarios de tierras y renovadas anualmente. Esto contrasta con el modelo bonaerense en el que la iniciativa privada de los grandes propietarios tuvo respuesta individuales a través de decretos y disposiciones ad hoc.

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La vinculación productiva de los diferentes espacios agrícolas regionales argentinos al mercado mundial, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, fue llevada adelante mediante diferentes políticas públicas en torno a la propiedad de los bienes, la gestión del territorio y los recursos. Y cada una de estas políticas impactaron en la relación entre las comunidades locales y los poderes provinciales. ;Con respecto a la gestión de los recursos hídricos, un tema aún poco abordado por la historiografía concentrada en las grandes llanuras, en este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar los modos en que fue cambiando el uso del agua para beneficiar a la agricultura en las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires, entre mediados de la década de 1870 y 1900. En la primera, estudiaremos la forma en que la cuenca del río Dulce se verá atravesada por canales principales que, tomando agua del curso principal, la derivarán a través de una red de canales subsidiarios e hijuelas, que trazaron una compleja red hídrica principalmente en el ejido urbano de la ciudad de Santiago del Estero para desarrollar cultivos novedosos para la provincia como la vid y la caña de azúcar, dando lugar a una serie de pequeñas villas. En la segunda observaremos cómo la demanda de grandes propietarios de las tierras de reciente ocupación criolla del suroeste provincial posibilitaba la construcción de canales de desvío de ríos y arroyos para regar sus campos, como así también la provincia desarrolló una serie de estudios de canalización para generar colonias agrícolas. ;Nos proponemos avanzar sobre las relaciones entre las tramas políticas y económicas y las confluencias de intereses públicos y particulares, que hicieron posible que los gobiernos provinciales tomaran bajo su responsabilidad la provisión de agua para el desarrollo de la agricultura; identificaremos las instituciones involucradas en el gerenciamiento del aprovisionamiento de agua y las cuestiones técnicas que se pusieron en juego, las dificultades que debían sortearse y los límites que planteaba el esquema de desarrollo. Por último, y teniendo en cuenta que para la administración del agua de riego el gobierno de Santiago del Estero organizó un esquema sindical centralizado con apoyaturas departamentales, nos adentraremos en la historia del primer espacio democratizador en la provincia con instituciones cuyas autoridades eran elegidas por los propios regantes propietarios de tierras y renovadas anualmente. Esto contrasta con el modelo bonaerense en el que la iniciativa privada de los grandes propietarios tuvo respuesta individuales a través de decretos y disposiciones ad hoc.

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Se presentan aquí los resultados alcanzados hasta ahora en un proyecto de investigación que se lleva adelante en el Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la UNLP, Argentina. El problema de la emergencia hídrica (por inundaciones o por sequías) se ha considerado a menudo, de manera fragmentaria, dando un tratamiento desigual a cada una de las dimensiones componentes del riesgo. Se intenta identificar indicadores de peligrosidad, exposición, vulnerabilidad e incertidumbre que permitan evaluar el riesgo hídrico a la vez que explorar procedimientos de detección no convencionales dado la falta de información actualizada y confiable sobre esta problemática. Asimismo, la evaluación de la incidencia de los instrumentos normativos en materia de uso y ocupación del suelo (regulación y control) respecto de las modificaciones operadas en las dinámicas naturales del agua y de los recursos hídricos superficiales es fundamental, en la medida que las limitaciones en el estado del conocimiento y las indeterminaciones jurisdiccionales y administrativas, así como normativa. (Incertidumbre técnico-científica e Incertidumbre político-administrativa) inciden negativamente en la capacidad de la sociedad implicada para resolver conflictos ambientales y territoriales

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La vinculación productiva de los diferentes espacios agrícolas regionales argentinos al mercado mundial, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, fue llevada adelante mediante diferentes políticas públicas en torno a la propiedad de los bienes, la gestión del territorio y los recursos. Y cada una de estas políticas impactaron en la relación entre las comunidades locales y los poderes provinciales. ;Con respecto a la gestión de los recursos hídricos, un tema aún poco abordado por la historiografía concentrada en las grandes llanuras, en este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar los modos en que fue cambiando el uso del agua para beneficiar a la agricultura en las provincias de Santiago del Estero y Buenos Aires, entre mediados de la década de 1870 y 1900. En la primera, estudiaremos la forma en que la cuenca del río Dulce se verá atravesada por canales principales que, tomando agua del curso principal, la derivarán a través de una red de canales subsidiarios e hijuelas, que trazaron una compleja red hídrica principalmente en el ejido urbano de la ciudad de Santiago del Estero para desarrollar cultivos novedosos para la provincia como la vid y la caña de azúcar, dando lugar a una serie de pequeñas villas. En la segunda observaremos cómo la demanda de grandes propietarios de las tierras de reciente ocupación criolla del suroeste provincial posibilitaba la construcción de canales de desvío de ríos y arroyos para regar sus campos, como así también la provincia desarrolló una serie de estudios de canalización para generar colonias agrícolas. ;Nos proponemos avanzar sobre las relaciones entre las tramas políticas y económicas y las confluencias de intereses públicos y particulares, que hicieron posible que los gobiernos provinciales tomaran bajo su responsabilidad la provisión de agua para el desarrollo de la agricultura; identificaremos las instituciones involucradas en el gerenciamiento del aprovisionamiento de agua y las cuestiones técnicas que se pusieron en juego, las dificultades que debían sortearse y los límites que planteaba el esquema de desarrollo. Por último, y teniendo en cuenta que para la administración del agua de riego el gobierno de Santiago del Estero organizó un esquema sindical centralizado con apoyaturas departamentales, nos adentraremos en la historia del primer espacio democratizador en la provincia con instituciones cuyas autoridades eran elegidas por los propios regantes propietarios de tierras y renovadas anualmente. Esto contrasta con el modelo bonaerense en el que la iniciativa privada de los grandes propietarios tuvo respuesta individuales a través de decretos y disposiciones ad hoc.

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Este projeto de pesquisa trata sobre a influência de processos educacionais e de conscientização junto a dois grupos de famílias, em três gerações, que convivem em áreas de proteção dos mananciais da represa Billings, reservas de produção hídrica de alta importância estratégica para gestão de um ambiente e seus ecossistemas frágeis com uma acentuada necessidade preservacionista e estrutural para a manutenção de sua qualidade para as atuais e futuras gerações. A importância dos resultados obtidos pela pesquisa sobre o longo processo de conscientização destas comunidades são fundamentais para perceber o status em que se encontram, seja a partir das condições e de seu status quanto as relações da escola na formação da consciência ambiental através de observações das condições de vida no próprio habitat, pela questão da terra, da relação fundiária conquistada quanto à propriedade em que residem, pelo esgotamento sanitário, incluindo condição e destino dos dejetos e águas residuárias, origem da água para dessedentação e da gestão sobre as doenças. Além destas questões este trabalho buscou importantes relações quanto às condições das fontes hídricas e seus usos múltiplos pela comunidade local, seja para lazer e consumo de bens naturais, tipos de tratamento da poluição e contaminação ambiental, infra-estrutura e equipamentos públicos existentes como suporte sustentável a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos locais.

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The practices developed in the everyday life of obstetric services are sometimes out of step with the recommendations of the public health policies. Accordingly, this research had the objective of assessing the quality of the care provided to women and children during cases of natural childbirth in municipal public maternity wards of the city of Natal/RN, Brazilian Northeast. We developed a cross-sectional and quantitative study in two maternity wards that provide care actions to pregnant women at regular risk (maternity wards A and B). The participants were 314 puerperal women who were treated during the period between April and July 2014, whose children were born alive, through transpelvic way, with spontaneous or induced beginning of labor and that showed physical and emotional conditions to respond to the proposed questions. The data collection instrument was constructed on the basis of the recommendations of the World Health Organization focused on the care of normal childbirth and validated by skilled judges, and the final version has obtained optimum agreement (k = 0,96; IVC = 0,99). Associated with these recommendations, we used three indicators: percentage of women with induced labor or subjected to elective cesarean section (Indicator A); percentage of women served by a qualified health professional during labor and childbirth (Indicator B); and Bologna Index (Indicator C). The research obtained a favorable opinion of the Research Ethics Committee from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under the nº 562.313 and Certificate of Presentation for Ethics Appreciation: 25958513.0.0000.5537. The analysis of categories related to the recommendations of the World Health Organization was conducted by means of absolute and relative frequency and the Chi-square Pearson’s and Fisher’s exact tests made the comparison of the differences observed between the two maternity wards. Furthermore, we calculated the percentage of the indicators A and B and with the results of the Indicator C, the quality was assessed as follows: the closer to 5, the better will be the quality, and the closer to 0, the worst will be the quality, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of the obtained averages. The significance level of 5% was considered in all statistical tests. The differences between the maternity wards were identified with regard to the provision of liquids orally (p=0,018), stimulus for non-supine positions (p=0,002), existence of partograph (p=0,001), support or welcoming by health professionals (p= 0,047), intravenous infusion (p<0,001), supine position (p<0,001), use of oxytocin (p<0,001), food and liquid restriction (p= 0,002) and, lastly, the fact of the touch is performed by more than 1 examiner (p=0,011). The indicators A and B showed percentages of 13,09% and 100%, respectively. The overall average of the Indicator C was equal to 2,07 (± 0,74). There was a statistically significant difference between the averages of the maternity wards (p<0,001). The care actions provided during the process of labor and childbirth is inappropriate, especially in the maternity ward B. It is necessary to implement improvements and redesign the obstetric model in force

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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the main meteorological mechanisms trainers and inhibitors of precipitation, and the interactions between different scales of operation, the spatial and temporal variability of the annual cycle of precipitation in the Rio Grande do Norte. Além disso, considerando as circunstâncias locais e regionais, criando assim uma base científica para apoiar ações futuras na gestão da demanda de água no Estado. Database from monthly precipitation of 45 years, ranging between 1963 and 2007, data provided by EMPARN. The methodology used to achieve the results was initially composed of descriptive statistical analysis of historical data to prove the stability of the series, were applied after, geostatistics tool for plotting maps of the variables, within the geostatistical we opted for by Kriging interpolation method because it was the method that showed the best results and minor errors. Among the results, we highlight the annual cycle of rainfall the State which is influenced by meteorological mechanisms of different spatial and temporal scales, where the main mechanisms cycle modulators are the Conference Intertropical Zone (ITCZ) acting since midFebruary to mid May throughout the state, waves Leste (OL), Lines of instability (LI), breeze systems and orographic rainfall acting mainly in the Coastal strip between February and July. Along with vortice of high levels (VCANs), Complex Mesoscale Convective (CCMs) and orographic rain in any region of the state mainly in spring and summer. In terms of larger scale phenomena stood out El Niño and La Niña, ENSO in the tropical Pacific basin. In La Niña episodes usually occur normal or rainy years, as upon the occurrence of prolonged periods of drought are influenced by EL NIÑO. In the Atlantic Ocean the standard Dipole also affects the intensity of the rainfall cycle in State. The cycle of rains in Rio Grande do Norte is divided into two periods, one comprising the regions West, Central and the Western Portion of the Wasteland Potiguar mesoregions of west Chapada Borborema, causing rains from midFebruary to mid-May and a second period of cycle, between February-July, where rains occur in mesoregions East and of the Wasteland, located upwind of the Chapada Borborema, both interspersed with dry periods without occurrence of significant rainfall and transition periods of rainy - dry and dry-rainy where isolated rainfall occur. Approximately 82% of the rainfall stations of the state which corresponds to 83.4% of the total area of Rio Grande do Norte, do not record annual volumes above 900 mm. Because the water supply of the State be maintained by small reservoirs already are in an advanced state of eutrophication, when the rains occur, act to wash and replace the water in the reservoirs, improving the quality of these, reducing the eutrophication process. When rain they do not significantly occur or after long periods of shortages, the process of eutrophication and deterioration of water in dams increased significantly. Through knowledge of the behavior of the annual cycle of rainfall can have an intimate knowledge of how it may be the tendency of rainy or prone to shortages following period, mainly observing the trends of larger scale phenomena

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The use of fossil fuels has been considered one of reason for the increase of pollution in the atmosphere and it may be related to the climate changes. Then, the research of the new sources of fuels will be important. Considering this, the use of biodiesel has been considered not as bad as petrol. The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an important oilseed, which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, and the oil found in the seed has important characteristics for biodiesel. This plant is considered as “rustic” as it does not need so much water for its development and oil production. Due to this, this plant has been considered to be ideal in semi-arid regions, such as the Northeast of Brazil. The aim of his study is to better understand the responses to abiotic stresses (drought and salinity) from castor bean plants using morphological, physiological and molecular tools. In order to do this, the castor bean plants were subjected to salt stress (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) in a controlled environment and drought stress (5, 10, 15 days and 10 days cyclic). After these treatments, these plants were subjected to different analyzes: a) the expansion and retention of water from leaves; b) anatomy using leaves and roots. Based on these results, we found that castor suffered decrease in leaf area with increase drought stress, however restricted water loss, probably by accumulation of compatible solutes in the leaves. The anatomy data showed modifications in the vascular system. These modifications observed suggested that castor bean plant may be resistant to stress as it was verified in 5 days of drought as well as in 100 mM NaCl. In both conditions, these plants were fine. Probably these plants keep some solutes in the cell and then maintain the cell tugor. The data obtained in this study gave a better idea how castor bean plant responds to abiotic stress conditions - drought and salt stress

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Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems intermediate between rivers and lakes widely used in the Brazilian semiarid region as a way to provide water supply due to the said region’s water scarcity. The use of water from these supply sources for multiple uses, along with occupation and utilization of its riparian zone without proper management, directly influences the increased nutrient flow into aquatic environments, there with contributing to the acceleration of eutrophication. The semi-arid region is characterized by peculiar weather conditions, such as severe evaporation, high temperatures with little variation throughout the year and long water residence time, making it susceptible to prolonged drought occurrence, which tends to concentrate the nutrients in reservoirs, which favors the development of eutrophic conditions. Moreover, it is common soil use and occupation by carrying out activities with potential environmental impact on natural resources such as agriculture, livestock farming and lack of sanitation. The aim of this study is both to evaluate the water quality of the Cruzeta Reservoir, located in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte, during a prolonged drought period, and assess the quality of its riparian zone soil under different uses, by monitoring physical-chemical variables. Along the prolonged drought, high levels of turbidity, suspended solids, nutrients and chlorophyll a were verified as present, therefore featuring low water quality. In the riparian zone of Cruzeta Reservoir, the areas under use of agriculture and livestock farming appeared as one of the main diffuse sources of nutrients to the said reservoir, featuring the highest levels of phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil, originated from decomposition of animal excreta and from the use of fertilizers, creating a tendency to increased eutrophication of such water supply source. The indicators of water and soil quality are useful for monitoring and evaluating the conservation status of natural resources, allowing the control and mitigation of the reservoir eutrophication process. This study confirmed the hypothesis that the reduction of water level, resulting from prolonged drought event, aggravates the symptoms of eutrophication; and also that using the soil under severalways modifies the physic chemical properties of the soil, having livestock farming and agriculture as the usages with greatest potential towards yielding P and N to the aquatic environment.

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Human activities alter soil features, causing the deterioration of its quality. Land use and occupation in drainage basins of water supply reservoirs can change the environmental soil quality and, thus, lead to the expansion of the soil potential of being a diffuse pollution source. In the Brazilian semiarid region, the soils are generally shallow with high susceptibility to erosion, favoring the sediment and nutrients input into the superficial waterbodies, contributing to the eutrophication process. Moreover, this region has high temperatures and high evapotranspiration rates, that are generally higher than the precipitation rates, causing a negative hydric balance and big volume losses by evaporation. The water volume reduction increases the nutrients’ concentration and, therefore, exacerbates the eutrophication process, deteriorating the water quality. Thereby, we hypothesized that the eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs is intensified both by the extreme climatic events of prolonged drought, and by the diffuse pollution due to the basin land use and occupation. The study aimed to test whether the land use and occupation activities of the basin and the severe drought events intensify the eutrophication process of a semiarid tropical reservoir. To verify the influence of human activities carried out in the water supply of drainage basin on the soil quality and the eutrophication process, we conducted the mapping of the kind of use and occupation, as well the calculation of erosion for each activity and the soil quality evaluation of the riparian zone and water quality of the water supply. For the water analyses, the samplings were carried out monthly in the deeper point, near dam. For the soil, deformed composite samples were taken for the physical and chemical attributes analysis, according to the identified land use and occupation classes. The results showed that extreme droughts drastically reduces the water volume and elevates the nutrients concentration, contributing, thus, to a bigger degradation of water quality. Furthermore, we verified that human activities in the drainage basin promote the diffuse pollution, by increasing the soil susceptibility to erosion and nutrients contents. Summarizing, our results support the investigated hypothesis that activities of land use and occupation and extreme drought generate a combined effect that provide the intensification of eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.