980 resultados para Orquídea - Anatomia
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The Cerdocyon thous is a canid that has a wide distribution in South America and, besides some general aspects, its morphology is little known in the literature, especially regarding the nervous system. With the aim of elucidating the anatomical composition of brachial plexus, we studied three male specimens from Paragominas-PA, donated to the Morphological Laboratory of Animal Research (LaPMA), Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), after death by trampling. The animals were fixed in an aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde for bilateral dissection of the origin of the brachial plexus. The brachial plexus of C. thous is derived from the last three cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (C6-T1). The main nerves that compose it, with their respective origins were the suprascapular nerve, subscapular nerve and musculocutaneous nerve (C6-C7), axillary nerve (C7-C8), radial nerve (C7-T1 and C7-C8), median nerve, ulnar nerve, thoracodorsal and thoracic lateral nerve (C8-T1). We conclude that the brachial plexus of C. thous is similar to that described for the domestic dogs, showing small differences in the composition of some nerves.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The study of the nervous system is increasing in Veterinary Medicine. Transcranial ultrasonography (TCUS) has the advantage of being a non-invasive and low cost method compared to computerized tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The temporal bone has been used as an acoustic window in TCUS in humans. This study aimed to correlate transcranial ultrasonographic images obtained through the temporal and occipital window with healthy dog's encephalic anatomy, and to standardize the technique. 37 adult mongrel dogs were used: 30 animals in vivo, in order to perform USTC screening and seven dog corpses for brain section as well as USTC planes. Data analysis was accomplished by the non parametric Wilcoxon test. Results obtained indicate that TCUS (in dorsal and oblique planes) is a viable method for brain evaluation in dogs weighting up to 10kg without anesthesia.
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB
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Os conceitos e aplicações da ergonomia estão em constante discussão no âmbito acadêmico, caracterizando um corpus de conhecimento de grande expressividade para a própria ciência ergonômica e demais áreas tecnológicas correlatas, a saber: engenharias, design, arquitetura, e outras. Entre as demandas para ampliar as análises em torno dessa disciplina apresenta-se sua evolução histórica, a qual está completa de controvérsias e discussões. De fato, há ainda uma grande dificuldade em relatar suas etapas históricas dentro do âmbito geográfico e a participação de seus precursores nessas fases. Assim, o propósito dessa coletânea foi o de reunir os estudos realizados pelos alunos da linha de pesquisa ergonomia, associados ao Laboratório de Ergonomia e Interfaces - LEI, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Design - PPGDesign, da Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicação da Universidade Estadual Paulista, e apresentar subsídios para ampliação da discussão e reflexão evolutiva da ergonomia. Os primeiros capítulos relatam os precursores da ergonomia, com destaque para Leonardo da Vinci e seus estudos na área da anatomia; Bélidor, Patissier e suas contribuições para a organização do trabalho; o Taylorismo e os aspectos da organização científica do trabalho, bem como a contribuição de Jules Amar nesse âmbito. Os demais capítulos abordam a origem e evolução da ergonomia na Europa, na Rússia (ex URSS), Estados Unidos da América, América Latina e Brasil, com ênfase a criação de laboratórios e associações não governamentais. De modo geral, os estudos ora apresentados preenchem lacunas ainda existentes dentro da ergonomia e procuram estabelecer um elo de ligação para a continuidade futura das pesquisas na área
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA
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Arsenic is a testicular environmental toxic. Melatonin (Me), being a potent antioxidant, may reduce the damage caused by arsenic in male fertility. The effects of daily oral exposure of Sodium Arsenite (As; 7.0 mg/kg/bw); Melatonin (Me, 10.0 mg/kg/bw); Me (10.0 mg/kg/bw) plus As (7.0 mg/kg/bw), and Negative Control (NaCl 0.9%) in male CF-1 adult mice were assessed in acute (8.3 days), chronic (33.2 days) and recovery (66,4 days) of testicular damage. We evaluated changes in testicular weight and histopathological, morphometric measurements, expression of COX-2 and Androgen Receptor (AR) antigens and lipid peroxidation levels. Treatment resulted in decreased tubular diameter and AR expression, and increased: interstitial area, luminal diameter, COX-2 expression levels and of lipid peroxidation. Co-administration of As and Me partially decreased germ cell degeneration and AR expression levels, improving testicular histopathological parameters. These results indicate that As causes toxicity and testicular germ cell degeneration by induction of oxidative stress. Me partially protects from this damage in mouse testis, acting as scavenger of oxygen radical species.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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We evaluated the sperm parameters such as cauda epididymis weight, sperm count, sperm morphology and sperm DNA stability of adult CF-1 male mice treated daily (oral exposure) with the toxic sodium arsenite (As, 7.0 mg/kg/body weight); Melatonin (Me, 10.0 mg/kg/bw), Me (10.0 mg/kg/bw) plus As (7.0 mg/kg/bw) and Negative Control (NaCl 0.9%) to assess acute (8.3 days), chronic (33.2 days) and recovery of testicular damage (66.4 days). Arsenic decreases the number of sperm from chronic treatment (33.2 days) and this effect continued until 66.4 days of treatment. The toxic effect of As also altered the morphology of spermatozoa in all treatment periods when compared to the negative control group. However, Metalonin induced protective effects in periods of 33.2 and 66.4 days of treatment. Additionally, the stability of DNA was significantly affected by arsenic in all periods, but the chronic treatment (33.2 days) in the AsMe revealed increased stability compared to the group treated with arsenic only. Melatonin partially protects sperm toxicity caused by Arsenic, especially during periods of 33.2 and 66.4 days.
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The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of statins associated with physical exercise (PE) in liver cells in dyslipidemic rats through cariometry. The animals were divided into six groups: animals subjected to a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), simvastatin, with (G1) and without (G2) physical exercise (PE); HD submitted (G3) or not (G4) to PE, and commercial food diet (F) with (G5) and without (G6) PE. Histological analysis of the liver was performed by staining the slides with hematoxylin and eosin. The cariometric study included measuring the major and minor diameters of the hepatocytes nuclei. The Shapiro-Wilk test was also performed. To determine the differences among the groups, the Kruskal-Wallis Test with Dunn's post-test were conducted. The significance level was set at 5%. No difference was found in the hepatocytes nuclei between G5 and G6. When these groups were related with G3 and G4, reduced nuclei were observed. There was no difference between G1 and G6. The comparison between G6 and G2 showed that the nuclei in G2 were smaller. No difference was detected between G5 and G1. Changes were observed in the nuclei shape in G2 in comparison to G1. Considering G2 and G3, a decrease in the size of nuclei was observed in G3. On the other hand, G2 showed changes in shape in the comparative analysis with G4. The size and shape of G1 nuclei were larger than G3 as well as changes in shape were observed when compared to G4. G4 showed smaller nuclei than G3. Therefore, F, associated or not with the practice of PE, does not alter the size and shape of the hepatocytes nuclei; HD combined with sedentarism influences changes in the morphometric parameters of hepatocytes; and the association of simvastatin and PE seems to protect the hepatocytes nuclei with regard to HD.
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Os processos mastóideos de 305 crânios humanos identificados foram estudados com a finalidade de melhor compreender suas características morfológicas básicas, bem como suas relações com outras formações ósseas da área mastóidea. Foram mensuradas, além das várias medidas gerais do crânio, a altura e a largura dos processos mastôideos, a distância bimastóidea e bi-supramastóidea. Foram estudados: a incidência e a forma do processo paramastóideo, do sulco do processo mastóideo e da rugosidade da superfície lateral do processo mastóideo. Todos os resultados ósseos foram submetidos à análise estatística, relacionando-os ao sexo, grupo étnico e forma do crânio. Objetivando um melhor entendimento das formações anatómicas que se relacionam com os processos mastóideos, foram dissecados, em vinte cabeças humanas (quarenta lados), os músculos estemocleidomastóideo, esplênio da cabeça, longo da cabeça e ventre posterior do digástrico. As inserções destes músculos foram mensuradas, tendo-se como referência o plano aurículo-orbital. As áreas de fixação no osso foram medidas através de um analisador de imagens. De maneira geral as características ósseas estudadas mostraram que existem diferenças estatísticas significantes nos grupos formados por sexo e forma do crânio. Os caracteres estudados para a determinação do sexo dos crânios mostraram-se estatisticamente confiáveis, indicando a possibilidade da utilização do processo mastóideo para a determinação do sexo de crânios humanos. As dissecções realizadas mostraram que há relação funcional entre os músculos e as formações ósseas da área mastóidea, principalmente entre o ventre posterior do músculo digástrico e o processo paramastóideo