La Gironde Rivière Area, Bordeaux, France, ca. 1910 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de Bordeaux. It was published ca. 1910. Scale 1:10,000. Covers La Gironde Rivière area, Bordeaux, France. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the southern portion of the map. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM 30N' projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings and industries, docks and wharves, and more. Includes manuscript additions. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

La Gironde Rivière Area, Bordeaux, France, ca. 1910 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de Bordeaux. It was published ca. 1910. Scale 1:10,000. Covers La Gironde Rivière area, Bordeaux, France. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the northern portion of the map. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM 30N' projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings and industries, docks and wharves, and more. Includes manuscript additions. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Saint Petersburg Region, Russia, 1817 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic, topographic paper map entitled: [Topograficheskai͡a karta okruzhnosti Sanktpetersburga : Ispravlennaia 1817 goda]. It was published by Voenno-Topograficheskom Depo pri Glavnom Shtabie ego Impertorskafo Velichestva in [1817]. Scale [ca. 1:42,000]. Covers Saint Petersburg Region, Russia. Map in Russian.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 36N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This is a typical topographic map portraying both natural and manmade features. It shows and names works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. It also identify the principal works of humans, such as roads, railroads, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

China 1:200,000 : Sheet H-50-XXIV : Zhejiang Sheng Region (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the Soviet Army topographic sheet map covering a portion of the Zhejiang Sheng region, China (map quadrangle number: H-50-XXIV). It is from a series of Soviet Army topographic maps of China 1:200,000. The source map was published in 1979. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Pulkovo 1942 GK Zone 20N projection. Map collar information from the source map have been cropped and are not available as part of the raster image. China 1:200,000 topographic maps were prepared and printed by the Soviet Army General Headquarters, 1976-1991. China 1:200,000 maps are in Russian. Each source map in the series is printed in color. China 1:200,000 maps are typical topographic maps portraying both natural and manmade features. They show and name works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. They also identify the principal works and structures of humans, such as roads, railroads, paths, walls, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown with standard contour intervals of 40 meters and/or spot heights.

China 1:200,000 : Sheet H-50-XXX : Zhejiang Sheng Region (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the Soviet Army topographic sheet map covering a portion of the Zhejiang Sheng region, China (map quadrangle number: H-50-XXX). It is from a series of Soviet Army topographic maps of China 1:200,000. Published in 1979, the source map was compiled from maps 1:100,000 published in 1977; corrected according to source material, 1970-1975. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Pulkovo 1942 GK Zone 20N projection. Map collar information from the source map have been cropped and are not available as part of the raster image. China 1:200,000 topographic maps were prepared and printed by the Soviet Army General Headquarters, 1976-1991. China 1:200,000 maps are in Russian. Each source map in the series is printed in color. China 1:200,000 maps are typical topographic maps portraying both natural and manmade features. They show and name works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. They also identify the principal works and structures of humans, such as roads, railroads, paths, walls, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown with standard contour intervals of 40 meters and/or spot heights.

China 1:200,000 : Shaoxing Region, Zhejiang Sheng (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the Soviet Army topographic sheet map of the Shaoxing region, Zhejiang Sheng, China (map quadrangle number: H-51-XIX). It is from a series of Soviet Army topographic maps of China 1:200,000. Published in 1979, the source map was compiled from maps 1:100,000 published in 1977; corrected according to source material, 1973, 1974. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Pulkovo 1942 GK Zone 20N projection. Map collar information from the source map have been cropped and are not available as part of the raster image. China 1:200,000 topographic maps were prepared and printed by the Soviet Army General Headquarters, 1976-1991. China 1:200,000 maps are in Russian. Each source map in the series is printed in color. China 1:200,000 maps are typical topographic maps portraying both natural and manmade features. They show and name works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. They also identify the principal works and structures of humans, such as roads, railroads, paths, walls, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown with standard contour intervals of 40 meters and/or spot heights.

China 1:200,000 : Xianju Region, Zhejiang Sheng (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the Soviet Army topographic sheet map of the Xianju region, Zhejiang Sheng, China (map quadrangle number: H-51-XXV). It is from a series of Soviet Army topographic maps of China 1:200,000. Published in 1986, this map reflects 1979 ground conditions. The source map was compiled from maps 1:100,000 published in 1979. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Pulkovo 1942 GK Zone 20N projection. Map collar information from the source map have been cropped and are not available as part of the raster image. China 1:200,000 topographic maps were prepared and printed by the Soviet Army General Headquarters, 1976-1991. China 1:200,000 maps are in Russian. Each source map in the series is printed in color. China 1:200,000 maps are typical topographic maps portraying both natural and manmade features. They show and name works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. They also identify the principal works and structures of humans, such as roads, railroads, paths, walls, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown with standard contour intervals of 40 meters and/or spot heights.

China 1:200,000 : Wezhou Region, Zhejiang Sheng (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the Soviet Army topographic sheet map of the Wenzhou region, Zhejiang Sheng, China (map quadrangle number: H-51-XXXI). It is from a series of Soviet Army topographic maps of China 1:200,000. Published in 1986, this map reflects 1979 ground conditions. The source map was compiled from maps 1:100,000 published in 1979. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Pulkovo 1942 GK Zone 20N projection. Map collar information from the source map have been cropped and are not available as part of the raster image. China 1:200,000 topographic maps were prepared and printed by the Soviet Army General Headquarters, 1976-1991. China 1:200,000 maps are in Russian. Each source map in the series is printed in color. China 1:200,000 maps are typical topographic maps portraying both natural and manmade features. They show and name works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. They also identify the principal works and structures of humans, such as roads, railroads, paths, walls, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown with standard contour intervals of 40 meters and/or spot heights.

Lynn to Halibut Point, Rockport, Massachusetts, Atlantic Coast, 1873 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Eldridge's new chart from Lynn to Halibut Point : with the harbors of Salem, Beverly, Marblehead, Manchester, Gloucester & Rockport, compiled from the latest surveys, [by George Eldridge] ; G.W. Boynton, sc. It was published by S. Thaxter & Son, 1873. Scale [ca. 1:58,370]. This map is a nautical chart covering the Atlantic Coast of Massachusetts from Lynn to Halibut Point, Rockport, Massachusetts. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, and more. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. Includes sailing directions and table of tides. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

China 1:200,000 : Lishui Region, Zhejiang Sheng (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the Soviet Army topographic sheet map of the Lishui region, Zhejiang Sheng, China (map quadrangle number: H-50-XXXVI). It is from a series of Soviet Army topographic maps of China 1:200,000. Published in 1979, the source map was compiled from maps 1:100,000 published in 1977; corrected according to source material, 1973-1975. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Pulkovo 1942 GK Zone 20N projection. Map collar information from the source map have been cropped and are not available as part of the raster image. China 1:200,000 topographic maps were prepared and printed by the Soviet Army General Headquarters, 1976-1991. China 1:200,000 maps are in Russian. Each source map in the series is printed in color. China 1:200,000 maps are typical topographic maps portraying both natural and manmade features. They show and name works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. They also identify the principal works and structures of humans, such as roads, railroads, paths, walls, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown with standard contour intervals of 40 meters and/or spot heights.

Cape of Good Hope and Cape Town Region, South Africa, Nautical Chart, 1822 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic, paper map entitled: Survey of the Cape of Good Hope, by Lieut. A.T.E. Vidal of H.M.S. Leven, assisted by Captn. Chas. Lechmere, R.N. Lieut T. Boteler, and Mr. H.A. Gibbons, Admlty. Midn. under the direction of Captn. W.F.W. Owen, 1822. J. & C. Walker sculpt. It was published according to Act of Parliament at the Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, 4th March 1828. Scale [ca. 1:153,512]. Covers the Cape Peninsula region, including False Bay and Cape Town, South Africa. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'WGS 1984 UTM 34S' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, anchorage points, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by contours; depths by soundings. Includes notes, table of heights, and two views. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

The autonomy of the EU legal order and the law-making activities of international organizations. Some examples regarding the Council most recent practice. Research Papers in Law 03/2012

[Introduction.] It is generally believed that while the principle of the autonomy of the EU legal order, in the sense of constitutional and institutional autonomy that is to say what concerns the autonomous decision-making of the EU, has been clearly strengthened by the most recent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice (eg. Moxplant3, Intertanko or the Kadi/Al Baraakat judgements or the Opinion 1/2009 of the CJEU etc.) as well as, in my opinion, in many aspects by the Treaty of Lisbon, it is still valid to add that the principle of a favourable approach, stemming from the Court jurisprudence, for the enhanced openness of the EU legal order to international law has remained equally important for the EU4. On the other hand, it should be also seen that in a globalized world, and following the increased role of the EU as an international actor, its indispensable and crucial role concerning the creation of world (legal) order in many policy fields ( for example let's think about the G20 issues, the global economic and financial crisis, the role of the EU in promoting and protecting human rights worldwide, the implementation of the multilateral or regional conventional law, developed in the framework the UN (e.g. in the field of agriculture or environment etc) or what concerns the Kyoto process on climate change or the conservation of marine biological resources at international level etc), it seems reasonable and justified to submit that the influence, for example, of the law-making activities of the main stakeholder international organizations in the mentioned policy-areas on the EU (especially on the development of its constantly evolving legal order) or vice-versa the influence of the EU law-making practice on these international organizations is significant, in many aspects mutually interdependent and more and more remarkable. This tendency of the 21st century doesn't mean, however, in my view, that the notion of the autonomy of the EU legal order would have been weakened by this increasing interaction between international law and EU law over the passed years. This contribution is going to demonstrate and prove these departuring points by giving some concrete examples from the most recent practice of the Council (all occuring either in the second half of 2009 or after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty), and which relate to two very important policy areas in the EU, namely the protection of human rights and the Common Fishery Policy.

European Criminal Law and General Principles of Union Law. Research Papers in Law, 5/2005

From the Introduction. The European Court of Justice, partly followed in this by the European legislator, has regulated Community law and policy through a set of general principles of law. For the Community legal order in the first pillar, general legal principles have developed from functional policy areas such as the internal market, the customs union, the monetary union, the common agricultural policy, the European competition policy, etc., which are of great importance for the quality and legitimacy of Community law. The principles in question are not so much general legal principles of an institutional character, such as the priority of Community law, direct effect or Community loyalty, but rather principles of law which shape the fundamental rights and basic rights of the citizen. I refer to the principle of legality, of nulla poena, the inviolability of the home, the nemo tenetur principle, due process, the rights of the defence, etc. Many of these legal principles have been elevated to primary Community law status by the European Court of Justice, often as a result of preliminary questions. Nevertheless, a considerable number of them have also been elaborated in the context of contentious proceedings before the Court of Justice, such as in the framework of European competition law and European public servants law.

Planktonic foraminifera and Quaternary paleoceanology of the Atlantic Ocean

An original method of paleotemperature analysis on planktonic foraminifera is substantiated and actively used for stratigraphy of bottom sediments and paleoceanologic reconstructions. On the base of this method, as well as on lithological, geochemical, and oxygen isotope data, radiocarbon dating, constructions of other investigators, etc., the main features of dynamic Quaternary paleoceanology of the Atlantic Ocean is reconstructed. It is discussed in the context of global paleogeography. Paleotemperature field, climatic zonation, paleoecology of foraminifera, position of the main water masses, water fronts, currents, distribution of sea ice boundaries, upwelling activity, benthic circulation, processes of sedimentation are econstructed and analyzed.

Neodymium isotopic record of planktonic foraminifera in sediment core MD81-LC21

A well developed sapropel (S5) was deposited in the eastern Mediterranean during the Last Interglacial (Eemian), 124-119 ka. Freshwater contributions to the basin at this time can be traced using the isotopic composition of Nd in planktonic foraminifera. This enables differentiation between radiogenic sources to the south, under the influence of the African monsoon, and unradiogenic sources to the north, relating to the mid-latitude westerlies. Here we compare new Nd data, from a core in the southeast Aegean Sea, with published data from the Ionian and Levantine Seas. Shifts towards more radiogenic Nd in the lower and middle parts of sapropel S5 are most pronounced in the Ionian Sea record, with epsioln-Nd and d18O G. ruber co-varying more closely here than in the Levantine and Aegean Seas. This is consistent with a freshwater source proximal to the Ionian Sea site, likely indicating a substantial reactivation of rivers flowing northward from the central Saharan watershed. The lack, during S5 deposition, of a noticeable shift towards more unradiogenic Nd in the Aegean record would exclude a large influx of water from the northern borders of the eastern Mediterranean during sapropel deposition. These findings support a scenario whereby the Last Interglacial eastern Mediterranean was influenced strongly by the remote effects of an intensified African monsoon, with more local precipitation in the northern borders contributing relatively little to the sea surface composition.