Cortical object segregation and categorization by multi-scale line and edge coding

In this paper we present an improved scheme for line and edge detection in cortical area V1, based on responses of simple and complex cells, truly multi-scale with no free parameters. We illustrate the multi-scale representation for visual reconstruction, and show how object segregation can be achieved with coarse-to-finescale groupings. A two-level object categorization scenario is tested in which pre-categorization is based on coarse scales only, and final categorization on coarse plus fine scales. Processing schemes are discussed in the framework of a complete cortical architecture.

Invariant multi-scale object categorisation and recognition

Object recognition requires that templates with canonical views are stored in memory. Such templates must somehow be normalised. In this paper we present a novel method for obtaining 2D translation, rotation and size invariance. Cortical simple, complex and end-stopped cells provide multi-scale maps of lines, edges and keypoints. These maps are combined such that objects are characterised. Dynamic routing in neighbouring neural layers allows feature maps of input objects and stored templates to converge. We illustrate the construction of group templates and the invariance method for object categorisation and recognition in the context of a cortical architecture, which can be applied in computer vision.

Multi-scale lines and edges in V1 and beyond: brightness, object categorization and recognition, and consciousness

In this paper we present an improved model for line and edge detection in cortical area V1. This model is based on responses of simple and complex cells, and it is multi-scale with no free parameters. We illustrate the use of the multi-scale line/edge representation in different processes: visual reconstruction or brightness perception, automatic scale selection and object segregation. A two-level object categorization scenario is tested in which pre-categorization is based on coarse scales only and final categorization on coarse plus fine scales. We also present a multi-scale object and face recognition model. Processing schemes are discussed in the framework of a complete cortical architecture. The fact that brightness perception and object recognition may be based on the same symbolic image representation is an indication that the entire (visual) cortex is involved in consciousness.

La rhétorique professionnelle des conseillers d'orientation pour l'accès à la pratique de la médiation familiale une image publique floue

Depuis le 1er septembre 1997, cinq professionnels ont accès à la pratique de la médiation familiale. Les conseillers d'orientation sont de ce nombre et ils sont les professionnels les moins bien représentés en médiation familiale et ce, à plusieurs points de vue. Ce mémoire pose l'hypothèse que les conseillers d'orientation ont de la difficulté à s'imposer dans cette pratique parce qu'ils ont un problème d'identité professionnelle qui les empêche de convaincre de leur pertinence en tant qu'intervenants. Balisé par un contexte théorique à caractère sociologique reposant sur les concepts de rhétorique professionnelle (Paradeise, 1985) et d'espace professionnel (Bourdon, 1994), les transcriptions des débats tenus en commission parlementaire sur la médiation familiale ont été analysés à l'aide d'une méthodologie qualitative. Il appert que les conseillers d'orientation n'ont su utiliser correctement les éléments de rhétorique professionnelle, et par surcroît, ils ont été les grandes victimes des tactiques utilisées par les autres acteurs.

Les TIC en information et orientation professionnelles un soutien au developpement de compétences transversales

À l'instar de la Réforme de l'éducation qui a lieu actuellement au Québec, deux éléments viennent alimenter le but et la raison d'être de cette recherche: l'abandon des cours de choix de carrière dans la grille-matière et le développement des compétences informatiques. Ces deux éléments relèvent des compétences transversales devant être construites par l'élève. L'objectif de cette recherche était de cerner l'efficacité du recours à des environnements informatiques en tant qu'outils de construction de compétences spécifiques et ainsi proposer aux jeunes une nouvelle méthode pour acquérir leur autonomie vocationnelle. L'échantillon était composé d'élèves de quatrième et cinquième secondaire. Suite aux traitements des données et aux analyses du discours des élèves, nos résultats démontrent comment les participants ont atteint certaines compétences transversales d'ordre méthodologiques et intellectuelles salutaires à leur choix de carrière. L'apport des technologies de l'information et des communications a été démontré et des pistes de recherches subséquentes ont été suggérées.

L'implication des parents dans l'orientation de leurs enfants

L'approche orientante qui est présentement implantée dans les écoles du Québec vise à favoriser l'implication des parents dans l'orientation de leurs enfants. La Suisse a pour sa part des méthodes qui répondent déjà à cet objectif. Afin de fournir une liste d'activités à privilégier pour la mise en oeuvre de l'approche orientante au Québec, 335 questionnaires ont été distribués à des parents du canton de Fribourg (Suisse). Ces derniers devaient indiquer les activités qui leur avaient été proposées au cours des études secondaires de leurs enfants, en plus de fournir leur degré de satisfaction à l'égard de celles-ci. Les résultats observés traduisent plusieurs suggestions d'activités permettant d'informer et d'impliquer davantage les parents dans l'orientation de leurs enfants.

Cortical 3D face and object recognition using 2D projections

Empirical studies concerning face recognition suggest that faces may be stored in memory by a few canonical representations. In cortical area V1 exist double-opponent colour blobs, also simple, complex and end-stopped cells which provide input for a multiscale line/edge representation, keypoints for dynamic feature routine, and saliency maps for Focus-of-Attention.

Object segregation and local gist vision using low-level geometry

Multi-scale representations of lines, edges and keypoints on the basis of simple, complex and end-stopped cells can be used for object categorisation and recognition (Rodrigues and du Buf, 2009 BioSystems 95 206-226). These representations are complemented by saliency maps of colour, texture, disparity and motion information, which also serve to model extremely fast gist vision in parallel with object segregation. We present a low-level geometry model based on a single type of self-adjusting grouping cell, with a circular array of dendrites connected to edge cells located at several angles.

A Reflective Encounter With the Fine Sand Area in a Nursery School Setting

This article draws on a model of reflection that involves creating meanings through repeated encounters with evocative objects. Responses to one such evocative object, a 20-second video clip of children playing in the fine sand area, illustrates the “turning toward” and then “turning away” from the object to engage with broader themes. Parten’s play types are used when analyzing children’s play in the fine sand area (the evocative object). The focus then turns away to themes of English as a second language, messy play, energies of childhood, and Foucault’s docile bodies. The intention was to integrate loosely formulated research aims relating to quality of the physical environment within the evolving life of the nursery setting to encourage a developing research orientation and reflective dis-position. This way of approaching practitioner research is well adapted to a longer-term engagement with enduring areas of interest, such as developing the potential of the physical environment.

Managing sales people strategically when promoting new products: Incorporating market orientation into a sales management control framework

Salespeople play a pivotal role in promoting new products. Therefore, managers need to know what control mechanism (i.e., output-based control, behavior-based control, or knowledge-based control) can improve their salespeople's new product sales performance. Furthermore, managers may be able to assist salespeople in performing better by having a strong market orientation. The literature has been inconsistent regarding the effects of sales management control mechanisms and has not yet incorporated market orientation into a sales management control framework. The current study surveyed 315 Taiwanese salespeople from publicly traded electronics companies with the aim of contributing to the sales management literature. The results show that sales management controls can directly affect salespeople's innovativeness, which, in turn, affects new product sales performance. However, sales management controls cannot affect performance directly. Furthermore, market orientation can positively moderate the relationship between salespeople's innovativeness and new product sales performance.

Logics of generalization: Derrida, grammatology and transdisciplinarity

This article seeks to explore some issues regarding the different modes of generality at stake in the formation of transdisciplinary concepts within the production of ‘theory’ in the humanities and social sciences. Focused around Jacques Derrida’s seminal account of ‘writing’ in his 1967 book Of Grammatology, the article outlines what it defines as a logic of generalization at stake in Derrida’s elaborations of a quasi-transcendental ‘inscription in general’. Starting out from the questions thereby raised about the relationship between such forms of generality and those historically ascribed to philosophy, the article concludes by contrasting Derrida’s generalized writing with more recent returns to ‘metaphysics’ in the work of Bruno Latour and others. Against the immediately ‘ontological’ orientation of much recent ‘new materialist’ or ‘object-oriented’ thought, the article argues for the necessity of ‘different levels of writing in general’ through a continual folding back of absolute generalization into historically specific disciplinary crossings and exchanges; something suggested by but never really developed in Derrida’s own work.

Revisiting the relationship between marketing capabilities and firm performance: The moderating role of market orientation, marketing strategy and organisational power

This paper extends original insights of resource-advantage theory (Hunt & Morgan, 1995) to a specific analysis of the moderators of the capabilities-performance relationship such as market orientation, marketing strategy and organizational power. Using established measures and a representative sample of UK firms drawn from Verhoef and Leeflang’s data (2009), our study tests new hypotheses to explain how different types of marketing capabilities contribute to firm performance. The application of resource-advantage theory advances theorising on both marketing and organisational antecedents of firm performance and the causal mechanisms by which competitive advantage is generated.

Linking entrepreneural orientation to export performance: the role of intangible resources and dynamic capabilities

Understanding the determinants of international performance, and in particular, export performance is key for the success of international companies. Research in this area focuses mainly on how resources and capabilities allow companies to gain competitive advantage and superior performance in external markets. Building on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Dynamic Capabilities Approach (DCA), this study aims at analysing the effect of intangible resources and capabilities on export performance. Specifically, this study focuses on the proposition that entrepreneurial orientation potentiates the attraction of intangible resources, namely relational and informational resources. Moreover, we propose that these resources impact export performance both directly and indirectly through dynamic capabilities.