O papel das histórias com matemática na motivação dos alunos na resolução de tarefas matemáticas

Com este trabalho pretendo compreender o papel das histórias com matemática na motivação dos alunos durante a resolução de tarefas matemáticas, partindo das seguintes questões de investigação: a) Qual a relação que os alunos estabelecem com tarefas matemáticas construídas a partir de modelos matemáticos presentes em histórias? b) Que tipo de conhecimentos matemáticos surgem quando os alunos resolvem tarefas construídas a partir de um modelo matemático presente numa história? c) Como se desenvolve a comunicação matemática dos alunos quando se utilizam tarefas construídas a partir de modelos existentes em histórias? O trabalho foi realizado com uma turma de 2º e 3º anos de escolaridade, que têm desenvolvido com a professora cooperante, ao longo do tempo, um excelente trabalho na disciplina de matemática. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo optei por utilizar uma metodologia de investigação qualitativa, como investigadora participante. Saliento, ainda, que a recolha de dados ocorreu ao longo do estágio da Unidade Curricular: Prática de Ensino Supervisionado. Durante um total de onze aulas, a análise de dados baseou-se em registos de vídeo, produções individuais dos alunos, produções dos alunos em grande grupo, e ainda na observação das interações geradas durante a análise e discussão das estratégias apresentadas pelos alunos, durante a realização das tarefas. As tarefas matemáticas apresentadas aos alunos, para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, surgiram de modelos matemáticos presentes no conto “Ainda não estão contentes?”, inserido no livro Conto Contigo, de António Torrado. Durante a realização das tarefas foi possível desenvolver conceitos que se inserem nos temas matemáticos de Números e Operações e Medida. Os resultados deste trabalho, poderão ser desenvolvidos no futuro, partindo de outros estudos e utilizando diferentes modelos matemáticos, outras histórias, outros contextos educativos, de modo a que seja possível provar que a matemática não tem de ser vista como uma disciplina difícil e angustiante para os alunos, porque existe sempre a hipótese de através de histórias, envolver os alunos nas suas aprendizagens, motivando-os para realizar tarefas matemáticas e desenvolver conhecimento matemático.

A Matemática na sala dos 4 anos: Diferentes contextos da aprendizagem da matemática

O presente estudo situa-se no âmbito da prática de ensino supervisionada e surgiu do questionamento do investigador sobre a metodologia de trabalho aplicada no local da sua prática pedagógica. Assim, pretende perceber e compreender quais os fatores que são promotores da aprendizagem ativa da matemática, nesse local, em crianças com 4 anos de idade. Para tal, no estudo, o investigador analisa os diferentes contextos de aprendizagem, os conceitos/processos matemáticos abordados e dá voz às crianças de forma a compreender como elas explicitam o que fizeram e porque o fizeram. A metodologia de estudo adotada foi no âmbito qualitativo, mais propriamente, um estudo descritivo, exploratório e interpretativo, com componentes de cariz etnográfico. Nos resultados obtidos, após a análise de dados recolhidos através de notas de campo, análise documental e entrevistas, o investigador compreendeu que, neste caso, os contextos de aprendizagem são diferentemente promotores da aprendizagem ativa da matemática pois, as crianças aderem, reagem e explicitam de maneira desigual aos diferentes contextos.

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA SOBRE ALUNOS QUE APRESENTAM BAIXO RENDIMENTO: DISCUTINDO POSSIBILIDADES.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever e analisar representações sociais construídas por professores de matemática em atuação na Região da Grande São Paulo e que envolvem dificuldades na aprendizagem dessa disciplina. O objeto desta investigação está centrado nas vivências desses professores da educação básica com o ensino de matemática. O conceito de representação social (Moscovici, 1978, 2004; Jodelet, 2001, 2002) e a formação de professores de matemática (Fiorentini e Lorenzato, 2001, 2006; Valente, 2002; Miorim, 1998) foram os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentaram esta pesquisa. Este estudo, realizado com professores de matemática em atuação, teve como principal motivação a possibilidade de contribuir para uma reflexão tanto sobre a formação de professores de matemática em cursos de licenciatura como a respeito dos entraves e avanços na formação pedagógica e suas relações com a aprendizagem dos alunos na disciplina. Os resultados da presente pesquisa apontam para a seguinte constatação: as representações que os professores têm de seus alunos com baixo rendimento os levam a refletir sobre a própria atuação pedagógica e definem a ação a ser tomada perante esses alunos.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA MÚSICA NA FORMAÇÃO DO INDIVÍDUO: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE OS OBSTÁCULOS DA DIFUSÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO MUSICAL NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR

Este trabalho investigou as interações a entre Música e Matemática, considerando experiências e reflexões de expoentes das ciências exatas, que com seus conceitos de intervalo musical, razões e proporções, consonância, harmonia, temperamento, série harmônica, contribuíram para a estruturação arte da música como ciência. Sob a luz dessa ciência da música, mediante análise descritiva de partitura, contou a história de um país que, segundo o P.I.S.A., se manteve no ranking da educação de 2000 a 2012, revelando interdisciplinaridade das ciências e interações dos conceitos de pensamento analógico, preconizados por Levy e Machado e da teoria das inteligências múltiplas de Gardner. E por fim, se propôs a refletir sobre a importância da educação musical na formação do indivíduo e sobre os obstáculos de sua difusão no espaço escolar.

Matemática se aprende brincando?! Jogos Eletrônicos como uma possibilidade de Ensino

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a minha ação docente em aulas de matemática, que implicam a utilização de dois tipos de jogos eletrônicos em ambiente informatizado. Para tanto, foram observadas as ações e reações dos educandos ao utilizarem os jogos eletrônicos, a manifestação do pensamento, do raciocínio e de estratégias para a solução dos problemas encontrados. A metodologia desta pesquisa caracterizou-se pela natureza qualitativa - aos moldes da pesquisa-ação - numa modalidade narrativa, desenvolvendo-se pelas pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada aplicada a nove sujeitos pertencentes a duas classes de 5ª série do ensino fundamental, em sua segunda fase. A análise dos resultados e das observações em sala de aula possibilitou concluir que os jogos, de uma maneira geral, e os eletrônicos, de forma específica, podem ser utilizados como ferramentas úteis no ensino da Matemática, proporcionando um aprendizado prazeroso, sob a orientação criteriosa do professor.

O PAPEL DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL, DA SECRETARIA DE EDUCAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO Um estudo preliminar

Em nosso trabalho, preocupamo-nos em tratar um dos componentes que consideramos essenciais para ajudar no desenvolvimento do projeto da escola de tempo integral, a saber, a importância do papel que a prática de atividades físicas desempenha no contexto. Para tanto, buscamos conhecer as peculiaridades do projeto Escola de Tempo Integral da Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo e os benefícios educacionais que ele proporciona, traçando posteriormente as benesses que a Educação Física pode oferecer e argumentando a este respeito. No contexto do ensino regular tradicional brasileiro, a Educação Física desfruta de pouca credibilidade, sendo popularmente considerada uma matéria secundária, assim como o profissional por ela responsável. Acreditamos, com mais razão do que para a escola regular, que a viabilidade da Escola de Tempo Integral dependa sobremaneira da maior participação e apoio da Educação Física, haja vista que o aluno passará mais tempo dentro dos estabelecimentos de ensino e seria esperado que o aumento da carga horária levasse a uma queda na produtividade das horas posteriores de estudo. Partindo desse ponto de vista, a educação física pode trazer benefícios no tocante à ética, cultura, saúde e sociabilidade, tidos como secundários em relação aos estudos de caráter mais instrumental, por exemplo, matemática, português e ciências.(AU)

Produção do mestrado profissional em ensino de ciências naturais e matemática da UFRN (física e química/2005-2012): papel dos documentos oficiais e características dos produtos educacionais

The importance of the Professionals Master in the field of science education is revealed by the recognition that they provide, to practicing teachers, in particular, training spaces for reflection and application of knowledge. This work appears in the context of the project "Research and training in teaching science and mathematics: a cutout of academic production in the northeast and overview of formative action in basic education" on the Centre for Education program, which main objective was to conduct studies description, analysis and evaluation of the academic production of Postgraduate Programs in Science Teaching of UFRPE, UFRN and UEPB and investigate the contribution of continuing education in stricto sensu level, of graduated teachers to improve the quality of basic education . We sought to examine a cut of academic production PPGECNM / UFRN, taking as reference dissertations of Natural Sciences, finished between the years 2005 and 2012, which have developed and applied educational products for high school students. More specifically we sought to conduct a general characterization of the dissertations analyzed for basic descriptors, to understand if and how the official documents governing the Brazilian education, especially science education, subsidized development of dissertations and identify current trends for science teaching are addressed and which ones are used in preparing the product of dissertations. The survey was based on documentary analysis, a type of qualitative approach in which the documents are objects of study in themselves. The results revealed that most of the work was developed in public schools, on subjects of physics and chemistry. During analytical reading of the text of the dissertations was observed that, in its construction, most of them addressed somehow, official documents governing the Brazilian educational system, that the products are basically teaching units and teaching approaches that are more focused on Experimentation and History and Philosophy of Science

História da matemática e teatro nas aulas sobre Teorema de Tales: um script proposto

This study will present the results of an investigation of how the history of mathematics and theater can contribute to the construction of mathematical knowledge of students in the 9th year of elementary school, through the experience, preparation and execution of a play, beyond presentation of the script. This brings a historical approach, defining space and time of events, putting the reader and viewer to do the route in the biography of Thales of Miletus (624-546 a.C), creating situations that led to the study and discussion of the content related to the episode possible to measure the height of the pyramid Khufu and the Theorem of Thales. That said, the pedagogical proposal implemented in this work was based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of the History of Mathematics and Theatre, drawing upon authors such as Mendes (2006), Miguel (1993), Gutierre (2010), Desgrandes (2011), Cabral (2012). Regarding the methodological procedures used qualitative research because it responds to particular issues, analyzing and interpreting the data generated in the research field. As methodological tools we have used participant observation, the questionnaire given to the students, field diary and dissertativos texts produced by students. The processing and analysis of data collected through the questionnaires were organized, classified and quantified in tables and graphs for easy viewing, interpretation, understanding and analysis of data. Data analysis corroborated our hypothesis and contributed to improving the use and display of the play as a motivating activity in mathematics classrooms. Thus, we consider that the script developed, ie the educational product proposed will bring significant contributions to the teaching of Mathematics in Primary Education

A educação básica na região metropolitana de Natal: uma análise da qualidade educativa e sua relação com o contexto familiar dos alunos

This dissertation aimed to investigate the formal learning process of children and teenagers through elementary education and, mainly, the support of family on domestic school activities as a step in the teaching-learning process. The student's family, with its cultural capital, provides an assistance which was the bias of the essay analyzes presented on this paper, using a spatial area of public elementary schools of the municipalities of the Natal metropolitan region. Such frame of Natal metropolis has been justified by the recent review of their basic education, taken by the Brazilian Ministry of Education, diagnosed in 2011, only 1% of students were in a adequate mathematics learning stage. While 62% were considered in a critical stage in this discipline. Given this issue, this dissertation offers a theoretical analysis about inherited and acquired within the family cultural capital, mainly focusing in the distances between the cultural level of the student's family and the defendant by the school. Then, presents the fundamental aspects of the issue on the urban phenomenon, focusing on social hierarchies and structures of city spaces that express differentiation, segmentation and socio-spatial segregation, and social exclusion. The emphasis on inequalities points to the development of an urban ethos, through formal schooling, which develops from social singularities. To theoretically develop the theme of Cultural Capital Family, this study sought to operationalize the concept through the interpretation of the phenomenon studied by a logical validation work hypotheses. The operation concepts systemically transformed into statistical indicators in order to measure the impact of individual, social and cultural characteristics of students elements. Finally, this dissertation found that the components evaluated, family cultural capital and housing conditions, can influence the development of skills and competencies of students in the educational sphere

Cenário da produção acadêmica em história da matemática no ensino de matemática: uma análise reflexiva das teses e dissertações (1990-2010)

This research aims to make a reflective analysis about the academic production originated in the stricto sensu post graduation programs in the country, produced in the period of 1990 to 2010, in the field of History of Mathematics, especifically on works about the History of Mathematics in Mathematics education and that present pedagogical proposals that make use of the History of Mathematics in order to teach Mathematics. Defending the thesis that the researches on mathematics education with goals turned to the use of didactic proposals related to the history of mathematic that take in consideration the coherency between epistemological aspects inherent to mathematics history and anthological elements materialized on the conceptions of mathematics and mathematics history and of apprenticeship (implicitly or explicitly exposed) may originate significant contribution to the field of history of mathematics on education. Among these, nine were Master’s Degree dissertations and five PHD’s theses. The reflective analysis was accomplished from two matrixes; one from theoretical nature and the other, ontologic nature, elaborated from the pretexts of Sanches Gamboa, about the epistemological analysis from academic production in the field of Mathematics Education and the following theoretical perspectives in the field of History of Mathematics Education, that are: linear evolutionary theory, structural construtivist operative, evolutionary discontinuous, historical and socialcultural investigation and the use of activities estimulating the usage of verbal and nonverbal expressions. These perspectives were based on the works of Miguel and Miorim, Mendes and Radford. As results, we have detected some established dissonances between the categories related to theoretical and ontologic levels and the pedagogical proposal presented in these researches. On the other hand, we have discovered works that are able to establish consonances between the theoretical and ontological elements and the presented pedagogical proposal. These works carry significative contributions to the field of History of Mathematics applied to Mathematics pedagogical practice, inclusively presenting significative theoretical elements to the production of knowledge recognized as scientific in the Mathematics field

Formação docente e conhecimento profissional: desafios para o ensino da matemática na EJA

As for the Education for Youth and Adult (EYA), the challenge of training these teachers is to provide tools to understand and act on the teaching of mathematics. It is realized just how special education in this modality and as such teaching is lacking in an adequate and solid training in the area of knowledge. One of the major problems affecting this type of education is the high dropout and failure rates, and lack of motivation among students. Thus the need to provide differentiated profile with a professional to teach youth and adults students, so that they are able to mobilize didactic-pedagogic knowledge, methodologies and theoretical frameworks that serve as a basis for school-developed teaching practice. This thesis aims to investigate how the math teacher, who acts in adult education from elementary school, has developed its didactic and pedagogical action, and that professional knowledge has been mobilized to teach? It has highlighted the importance of initial and continuing training and professionalization of teachers dedicated to this specific type of education, when teachers should be the protagonists of their professional development. The methodological approach was begun with a literature review, then the research was anchored mainly on the ideas by Gauthier, Nuñez and Ramalho (2004); Imbernon (2011), Garcia (2006); Perrenoud (2000); Tardif (2007 ); Haddad, Di Pierro (2000), D'Ambrosio (2002), Mendes (2006, 2009), Freire (1996, 2011), and other theorists and official documents of field of adult education here and abroad. That work leads us to the understanding of the present moment from a foray into historical and conceptual aspects, as well as educational policies of EYA, as well as training, professionalism, knowledge and skills necessary for professional practice. Then, the subjects and the locus of research and the instrument for data collection were set up and led by the object of study. To consolidate the study was selected a sample of 27 mathematics teachers, working in municipal EYA Network Teaching of Natal. This research is in an investigative nature, within the quantitative and qualitative approaches focused on the responses of study subjects from the content analysis by Bardin (1977). Results from the analyzes have revealed that the initial training of mathematics teachers of adult education needs to be reconfigured in order to formalize the knowledge base of professionals (the mathematical content, didactics and professional knowledge). Thus the study suggests that this base knowledge is embedded in the pedagogical practice of these teachers, so that there is a completion of the teaching and learning process for young people and adults. The study also has pointed out that there is a need for teachers to participate in a continuing education plan that prioritizes learning situations of mathematical content considering the previous knowledge of the students. The final analyses thus indicate that knowledge of mathematics and the didactic and pedagogical strategies to be mobilized by teachers must be able to motivate the students in such a way that they feel need to incorporate in their knowledge, mathematical knowledge capable of making them more likely to have access to social, economic and labor market

Correspondências científicas como uma relação didática entre história e ensino de matemática: o exemplo das cartas de Euler a uma princesa da Alemanha

Lettres àune Princesse d'Allemagne sur divers sujets de physique et de philosophie (Letters to a Princess of Germany on various topics of physics and philosophy) is the work taken as an object of study of this thesis. It is a literary success written in the eighteenth century by the Swiss mathematician and physicist Leonhard Paul Euler (1707-1783) in order to meet a request from the Prussian king, Frederick II, the Great (1712-1786) to accept to guide the intellectual education of his niece, the young princess Anhalt-Dessau (1745-1808). The method of teaching and learning through letters elected to the education of the German monarch resulted in a collection of 234 matches in which Euler theory is about music, Philosophy, Mechanics, Optics, Astronomy, Theology and Ethics among others. The research seeks to point out mathematical content contained in this reference work based on the exploitation and adaptation of original historical works as an articulator of development activities for teaching mathematics in basic education and in accordance with the National Curriculum Parameters of Mathematics (NCP) work. The general objective point out the limits and didactic potential of Lettres à une Princesse d'Allemagne sur divers sujets de physique et de philosophie as a source of support for teachers of basic education in developing activities for teaching mathematics. The discussions raised point to concrete possibilities of entanglement between the extracted mathematical content of the bulge of the work with current teaching methodologies from resizing the use of letters according to Freire's pedagogical perspective of the correspondence, and especially the use of new communication channels in the century XXI, both aimed at dialogue and approximation between those who write and those who read.

Lousa digital no ensino de matemática

Using the digital whiteboard and its resources , classes become much more motivating and interesting than those that only require the chalk or whiteboard. In the face of still images , or moving, this technology has caused a broader interaction between the student, the content taught and the teacher bringing positive and significant changes to education. In this work, we discuss the technological evolution of education, new educational technologies, the digital blackboard and your pedagogical applications inmath classes and howthe teacher can mount it using resources available at the school and other relatively low cost. Finally, we will address the concept of homography and how it is applied in its operation.

Lousa digital no ensino de matemática

Using the digital whiteboard and its resources , classes become much more motivating and interesting than those that only require the chalk or whiteboard. In the face of still images , or moving, this technology has caused a broader interaction between the student, the content taught and the teacher bringing positive and significant changes to education. In this work, we discuss the technological evolution of education, new educational technologies, the digital blackboard and your pedagogical applications inmath classes and howthe teacher can mount it using resources available at the school and other relatively low cost. Finally, we will address the concept of homography and how it is applied in its operation.

O programa institucional de bolsa de iniciação à docência PIBID na formação inicial de professores de matemática

This research sought to understand the space training provided by Institutional Scholarship Program Initiation of Teaching to a group of students of Degree in Mathematics that had activities developed in the same public school. The goal is to qualify them for teaching practice for these basic institutions. We decided to conduct a qualitative study of type ethnographic case study. For a year and a half while we were at the meetings and activities of the Group, we did what we call as a participant observation. To obtain the data, we used different survey instruments: the researcher\'s field notes through his observation of everyday life of the group, photographs and filming of the activities, document analysis and database produced, physically and digitally, in addition to questionnaires and interviews with records written, which complemented each other and helped establish a triangulation of information collected. We analyze the trajectory of the group on three axes: on the first, we present and understand the paths taken by the Group in the process of setting up training spaces, and production of their professional training, in the second, we analyze how the space of PIBID is being integrated with others spaces of formations in the educational institution of the degree course in mathematics and, in the third axis, we understand the process of knowledge production of that group. The trajectory taken by the group was marked by a process of reflection and discussion systematic and collective, which favored the pursuit for be a better professional and also confirmed a possible path to be followed in initial teacher education.