Associations of physical activity and sport and exercise with at-risk substance use in young men: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to measure the associations of physical activity and one of its components, sport and exercise, with at-risk substance use in a population of young men. METHOD: Baseline (2010-2012) and follow-up (2012-2013) data of 4748 young Swiss men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) were used. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between at-risk substance use and both sport and exercise and physical activities were measured using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: At baseline, logistic regression indicated that sport and exercise is negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. A positive association was obtained between physical activity and at-risk alcohol use. At baseline, sport and exercise was negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis at follow-up. Adjusted for sport and exercise, physical activity was positively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. CONCLUSION: Sport and exercise is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with a low prevalence of at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. This protective effect was not observed for physical activity broadly defined. Taking a substance use prevention perspective, the promotion of sport and exercise among young adults should be encouraged.

[Illustrations des Fables] / C. Monnet, dess. ; Aug. de Saint-Aubin, H.L. Schmitz, grav. ; Boisard, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Fig. p. titre du Tome 1 : poète.] Ausidius Forti Miscebat Mella Falerno. [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 1. Livre I. Pl. de la Fable XX : La pêche.] Tout réussit à la bergère. [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 1. Livre II. Pl. de la Fable IV : Le loup et le dogue.] Et meurent comme toi, brigand impitoyable, / Tous ceux qui comme toi, meurtriers dans le coeur, / Dans le bonheur public ont trouvé leur malheur. [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 1. Livre II. Pl. de la Fable XX : Le cheval, le boeuf, le mouton et l'âne.] Voilà comme l'on fait fortune! [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 1. Livre III. Pl. de la Fable V : Xénocrate et le moineau.] Il est foible, innocent... je lui dois mon secours. [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 1. Livre IV. Pl. de la Fable XXV : L'Histoire.] On fit l'Histoire après sa mort. [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Cul de lampe p. 215 : Minerve et la muse de la musique.] [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Fig. de titre du Tome 2 : poète et chérubin.] Ausidius Forti Miscebat Mella Falerno. [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 2. Livre V. Pl. de la Fable I : le vieillard et l'idole.] Ne songe pas au bien qu'il ne pourra nous faire, Songe à celui qu'il nous a fait. [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 2. Livre VI. Pl. de la Fable XX : Le jeune renard.] Je n'ai vu que l'appast, il avait vu le piège! [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 2. Livre VII. Pl. de la Fable XX : Les deux voleurs.] Toi des remords! Toi des scrupules! [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Tome 2. Livre VIII. Pl. de la Fable XX : Phidias et la statue de Jupiter.] Non pas moi! [cote : microfilms R 122333-334] ; [Cul de lampe p. 301 : Minerve et un chérubin.] [cote : microfilms R 122333-334]

Protein turnover and thermogenesis in response to high-protein and high-carbohydrate feeding in men.

The rates of energy expenditure and wholebody protein turnover were determined during a 9-h period in a group of seven men while they received hourly isocaloric meals of high-protein (HP) or high-carbohydrate (HC) content. Their responses to feeding were compared with those to a short period of fasting (15-24 h). The 9-h thermic response to the repeated feeding of HP meals was found to be greater than that to the HC meals (9.6 +/- 0.6% vs 5.7 +/- 0.4% of the energy intake, respectively, means +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). The rate of whole-body nitrogen turnover over 9 h increased from 17.6 +/- 2.2 g on the fasting day to 27.4 +/- 1.4 g during HC feeding (NS) and there was a further increase to 58.2 +/- 5.3 g resulting from HP feeding (p less than 0.001). By using theoretical estimates (based upon ATP requirements) of the metabolic cost of protein synthesis, 36 +/- 9% of the thermic response to HC feeding and 68 +/- 3% of the response to HP feeding could be accounted for by the increases in protein synthesis compared with the fasting state.

Seasonal changes in 24-h and basal energy expenditures in rural Gambian men as measured in a respiration chamber.

Adaptation of 24-h energy expenditure (24-h EE) to seasonal variations in food availability was studied, by using a respiration chamber, in 18 rural Gambian men on three occasions: period 1--at the end of the rainy season, which is characterized by low food availability; period 2--during the nutritionally favorable dry season; and period 3--at the onset of the following rainy season. From periods 1 to 2 body weight increased by 2.8 +/- 0.4 kg, and a rise in 24-h EE was observed (from 8556 +/- 212 kJ/d to 9166 +/- 224 kJ/d), which was correlated to weight change (r = 0.73, P less than 0.001). During period 3, 24-h EE averaged 8740 +/- 194 kJ/d. Diet-induced thermogenesis increased significantly from periods 1 to 2 (5.9 +/- 0.5% to 8.2 +/- 0.8%) and subsequently decreased to 3.6 +/- 0.6% during period 3. In rural Gambian men, metabolic adaptations in response to seasonal changes in food availability are reflected by a decrease in body weight, mainly manifested by a loss of fat-free mass accompanied by a decreased 24-h EE and a lowered diet-induced thermogenesis.