Formatividade e interpretação: a filosofia estética de Luigi Pareyson

The concept of formativity, coined by Luigi Pareyson, is a key to the development of countless contemporary aesthetic studies. The aim of this dissertation is to present a deep understanding of the notion of Formativity and Interpretation, as evidenciated by the title Formativity and Interpretation: the aesthetical philosophy of Luigi Pareyson. The work Aesthetics - Theory of Formativity, first published in 1954, is considered a mark in the rebirth of aesthetics. In this dissertation, the concept of Formativity is examined as a component applicable to every human action, and not limited to pre-determined practices, nor referred to the application of preexisting. I ve performed an investigation of the triple concept of doing-inventing-interpreting, which simultaneously grounds Formativity. In the first section, Pareyson s Aesthetical Propaedeutic is presented; in the second, the Theory of Formativity: the aesthetical character of the whole human experience is analysed; and in the third chapter, The Aesthetical of Form and the Metaphysics of Figuration is related to the formativity character of the knowledge. Through this analysis, I ve intended to evidence how human operability can be understood as search and trial, figuration and invention, in the search for success. In this sense, this thesis seeks to present an interpretation of the idea of work-form, speculating the inexorability of invention and interpretation in an attempt to establish a new bottom line for the studies Pareyson s Aesthetics in Brazil

Mundo de medo: inquisição e cristãos-novos nos espaços coloniais capitanias de Pernambuco, Itamaracá e Paraíba (1593-1595)

Founded in 1536, the Court of the Holy Office of the Portuguese Inquisition was established as an ecclesiastical institution, but at the same time subordinate to the real powers. Among the main victims of persecution effected by the Holy Office, were the New Christians - Jews forcibly converted in 1497 or their descendants - that due to their socio-religious were repeatedly accused of heresy. This paper conducted a survey that sought to understand the historical performance of the Inquisition in Brazil in the sixteenth century on the New Christians, especially those accused of secretly retaining the religious customs of the Mosaic law, given the investigative and punitive procedures employed by the Inquisition as part of a set of actions that produce social insecurities and producers / broadcasters of fear in the populations under scrutiny. In this sense, the approach was based on the analysis of documents produced on the first visit of inspection performed in Brazil inquisitorial sixteenth century, concerning the captaincy of Pernambuco and Paraiba Itamaracá (1593-1595), not excluding, however, the sources of the first stage of visitation that occurred between 1591-1593 in the province of Bahia de Todos os Santos, even though its use is ancillary and punctual. The objective of this research was to understand the consequences of inquisitorial procedures generated on the imaginary, and the Inquisition, using the expressions and signs of fears relating to individuals contained in the New Christian complaints to the Holy Office as documentary evidence of the fear caused by the Holy Tribunal. The adoption of specific behaviors by the New Christians in the home - these spaces are appropriate and adapted to the detriment of the religious practices of Judaism features - characterizes the spatial perspective of the study, thus indicating a further objective of the study: to understand how the New Christians experienced domestic spaces in a historical context marked by behavioral surveillance generally considered morally condemned and suspected of heresy. The research was conducted to analyze the complaints and quantitative survey of some indices of documentation for the understanding of overall charges and how individuals New Christians were concerned with the domestic space, using them to maintain criptojudaica religiosity, transformed places housing often esnogas, makeshift synagogue for meetings and celebrations of Judaizing New Christians. The formulations of Michel de Certeau on appropriations and meanings of space - presented by the author in the metaphor of "practice areas" - were integrated into the workforce in order to understand the ways in which the New Christians appropriated the colonial houses, designed these spaces a very specific language in the Crypto, in which women are prominent figures. The works of Jean Delumeau and Bartholomé Benassar integrate the discussion of the Inquisition and the sensibilities of fear in the work performed. The analysis allowed the documentation to understand the meaning and the extent related to the general fear that the Inquisition represented. Some complaints are indicative of fears that can be perceived implicitly based on behaviors and attitudes adopted by the New Christians, others, however, are direct expressions of fear caused by allusion or initiative of the actions of the Inquisition in colonial Brazil in the sixteenth century

Santo de casa faz milagre: Luíz da Câmara Cascudo, o padroeiro literário da cidade de Natal

Assuming that the subject is a draft work in permanent invention, the biographical texts, memories written by Luís da Câmara Cascudo, between 1967 and 1969 were read as part of a discursive strategy created by the potiguar memorialist regarding the construction of a self-image profoundly connected to the space of his house, which decisively collaborated so that the province teacher and researcher after announcing his official retirement in 1968 was revered in the city where he had been born, grown up and lived throughout his whole life and considered as the prophet of his own country (or rather, as the literary patron of Natal). Our work begins with some reading about the manner as the potiguar memorialist selected, ordered and spatialized his childhood memories. In the following chapter, we problematized the meanings assigned by Câmara Cascudo to his house in Tirol - where the young prince Cascudinho (little Cascudo) used to live - transformed into the neighborhood principality. It finishes with memories from the retired old man with the purpose of making us think about the sacredness process master Cascudo s house has gone through. The space where he had lived for almost forty years of his life and produced a great part of his works, was elected as a monument in his memory, as his own incarnation, as guarantee of his eternity and perenniality, as a sanctuary and place of worship and have been kept by the actions that, still nowadays, institutionalize it as his sacred space

Violência e sagrado: o que no criminoso anuncia o santo?

Este artigo apresenta um exame preliminar de dois cultos religiosos populares que ocorrem atualmente no Nordeste do Brasil. Em dois cemitérios, no Rio Grande do Norte, o cangaceiro Jararaca e o ladrão homicida Baracho (espécie de ‘serial killer’, conhecido como ‘matador de motoristas’), são objetos de devoção religiosa por parte de crentes que afirmam ter alcançado milagres por seu intermédio ou que acreditam que virão a alcançá-los por meio de promessas que então, à beira de seus túmulos, não hesitam em fazer. A fé em seus milagres convive com a memória dos feitos dos bandidos que foram em vida, narrados com um misto de admiração e reprovação moral. O tradicional modelo do bandido social, que rouba para dar aos pobres, vem então em seu socorro, de modo a permitir uma continuidade entre o passado criminoso e o presente ‘santificado’. Dentre os fatores centrais nesse processo de ‘santificação’ do bandido, segundo o discurso dos entrevistados, estão a morte violenta e o sofrimento físico e moral a ela associados. O quadro esboçado aqui mostra-nos que se trata de santos muito especiais, isto é, santos precários, posto que sua santidade é objeto de constante controvérsia e contestação mesmo por aqueles que acreditam em seu poder de operar milagres. E parece ser mesmo isso o que os torna tão interessantes, mesmo do ponto de vista dos seus adeptos.

New species of Ischnocnema (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the atlantic rainforest of the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil.

We describe a new species of Ischnocnema from Santa Teresa, in the Atlantic Rainforest of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Ischnocnema abdita sp. nov. is a member of the Ischnocnema lactea species series; it differs from other Ischnocnema mainly by presenting small size (adult male SVL 15.7 [plus or minus] 0.49 mm; range 15.0-16.8 mm); small discs on fingers I and II, and elliptical, wider than long, moderate sized discs on fingers III and IV; and finger I slightly smaller than finger II. The new species closely resembles Ischnocnema bolbodactyla, differing from it by presenting upper and lower margins of iris red in life; inguinal region with many yellow blotches in life; posterior region of belly and ventral surfaces of thighs, shanks, and feet roughly marbled with large pale yellow blotches; and hidden dorsal area of thighs dark brown with few large pale yellow blotches.

Bioecology of the uçá-crab, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), in Vitória Bay, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

A biologia de Ucides cordatus na Baía de Vitória (ES) foi avaliada como subsídio ao manejo populacional. As amostragens ocorreram mensalmente durante um ano (outubro/1998 a setembro/1999), com análise biométrica (LC = largura da carapaça; PE = peso total úmido) e de fatores abióticos em quatro transectos, com quatro faixas cada (margem à região supratidal). A densidade foi de 3,7±1,5 caranguejos.m-2, com incremento em direção à região supratidal, sendo a profundidade das galerias de 1,1±0,3 m. A salinidade da água intersticial diferiu entre as faixas, sendo mais elevada na região supratidal. Houve correlação significativa entre a abundância de exemplares e alguns fatores ambientais, o mesmo ocorrendo quanto as tocas abertas e fechadas. A razão sexual evidenciou um predomínio de fêmeas (1,0M:1,6F), particularmente entre 50 e 75 mm LC. A maior incidência de tocas fechadas ocorreu em agosto e setembro, enquanto as fêmeas ovígeras foram registradas de janeiro a abril. A relação PE/LC mostrou isometria para os machos (PE=0,425.10-3 LC3,0014; R²=0,99) e fêmeas (P=0,439.10-3 LC2,97; R²=0,99). Para o total da população a média de tamanho (LC) e peso (PE) foi de 54,6±11,8 mm e de 77,5±42,4 g, respectivamente. Os dados evidenciam que a população encontra-se sobrexplotada, requerendo manejo adequado para a viabilidade da atividade extrativa na área estudada.

Caracterização dos elementos físicos da bacia do córrego Santo Antônio (Rio Claro/SP)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar os elementos físicos da bacia do córrego Santo Antônio, buscando compreender a influência que a área de entorno dessa bacia exerce sobre a Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA). Para isto, foram elaboradas as cartas geomorfológica e de uso do solo, além da compilação de dados geológicos, pedológicos e climáticos. Essa influência foi avaliada em termos da dinâmica de remobilização de materiais provenientes das nascentes, que não pertencem a FEENA, e que se constituem, portanto, em área de uso agrícola. A análise das características físicas indicou que essa área é susceptível a ação dos processos morfogenéticos e que estes foram intensificados e acelerados pelo uso do solo ao redor das nascentes. Verifica-se, assim, a necessidade de se reavaliar esse uso e de se fiscalizar o cumprimento da própria legislação ambiental, no que se refere ao uso e ocupação do território, em fundos de vale.

Cafeicultura científica globalizada e as montanhas capixabas: a produção de caféarábica nas regiões do Caparaó e Serrana do Espírito Santo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Species distribution of the Halophilous-psamophilous community along the coast of the Espirito-Santo state

The purpose of the present work was the study of the composition and distribution of the species in halophilous-psamophilous communities, utilizing the square method in 10 beaches of the Espirito Santo coast. The data of presence and cover of each species for the calculation of frequency and dominance, respectively, were obtained from twenty contiguous square of each of five 20 meters samplings, in a total of one hundred squares for each beach. Mariscus pedunculatus, Panicum racemosum, Ipomoea pes-caprae, I. littoralis and Blutaparon portulacoides were the most dominant species in the analyzed beaches.

A New Species of the Scinax perpusillus Group (Anura: Hylidae) from Espirito Santo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of cervical headgear and edgewise appliances on growing patients

Maxillary basal bone, dentoalveolar, and dental changes in Class II Division 1 patients treated to normal occlusion by using cervical headgear and edgewise appliances were retrospectively evaluated. A sample of 45 treated patients was compared with a group of 30 untreated patients. Subjects were drawn from the Department of Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Brazil, and ranged in age from 7.5 to 13.5 years. The groups were matched based on age, gender, and malocclusion. Roughly 87% of the treated group had a mesocephalic or brachicephalic pattern, and 13% had a dolicocephalic pattern. Cervical headgear was used until a Class I dental relationship was achieved. Our results demonstrated that the malocclusions were probably corrected by maintaining the maxillary first molars in position during maxillary growth. Maxillary basal bone changes (excluding dentoalveolar changes) did not differ significantly between the treated and the untreated groups. Molar extrusion after the use of cervical headgear was not supported by our data, and this must be considered in the treatment plan of patients who present similar facial types. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:531-9).

Birds of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil: Do humans add or subtract species?

In uplands and lowlands of Santa Teresa, central Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 405 bird species were confirmed by field, museum, and literature studies. Of these, 16 seem to have disappeared, while 67 other species seem to have been lost from the lowlands (where no large biological reserves exist). Due to a suggestion that human areas add species to beta-diversity, we verified that up to 79 species now present have perhaps invaded with human activity (and 10 others are likely to invade), a total similar to that for lost species. However, lost species are often rare and invading species often widespread, resulting in exchange of Picassos for Coca-Cola bottles. Furthermore, gains exceed losses only when large biological reserves are present, as in the uplands (Nova Lombardia, Santa Lucia Reserves, each with over 250 species). Small or irregular reserves usually lose well over half their species, and these are only partly replaced by the invaders, resulting in net losses of up to half the local avifaunas. If one lists only 31 probable invaders, rather than a possible 79, things are even worse; net losses occur even in the entire township and near reserves, reaching over 200 species around lowland private reserves. Future productive development of human areas can eliminate or maltreat many invading species, too. While approving taxes on improductive use of land, as it leaves other areas free, we suggest that many current local uses, such as for coffee, are luxury production and could, be taxed.

Avaliação de política ambiental e sustentabilidade: Estudo de caso do município de Santo André - SP

The management of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area has as one of the challenges to bring a sustainable solution for land use in watershed protection areas, aiming at regional water resources protection. This paper has the objective to contribute to the discussion about Sustainable Development Strategy Assessment, from an analisys with focus at the environmental policies of the Santo André City - SP Brazil, in the context of water resources protection. For this, the proposal is to verify, based on the Bellagio Principles, the use of systemic approach, transparency, participatory process and social engagement in its policy formulation and implementation process. It was observed coherence within the policies, programmes and actions analysed, nevertheless, gaps were identified, which, within a strategic approach, means weakness for the construction of the local sustainability, as the lack of a consolidated sustainability indicators system.

Genetic data of 10 X-chromosomal loci in Vitória population (Espírito Santo State, Brazil)

Genetic population data for 10 X-STR (DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS7133, GATA31E08, GATA172D05, DXS7423, DXS6809, DXS7132, DXS9902 and DXS6789) were obtained from Vitória population (Espírito Santo State, Brazil). No deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were observed. The combined powers of discrimination in males and females were 0.9999995 and 0.99999999996, respectively. These high values show the potential of this system in human identification in Vitória population, Brazil. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.