Do Fiscal and Political Decentralization Raise Students’ Performance? A Cross-Country Analysis

The low quality of education is a persistent problem in many developed countries. Parallel to in the last decades exists a tendency towards decentralization in many developed and developing countries. Using micro data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) referred to 22 countries, we test whether there exists an impact of fiscal and political decentralization on student performance in the areas of mathematics, reading skills and science. We observe that fiscal decentralization exerts an unequivocal positive effect on students’ outcomes in all areas, while the effect of political decentralization is more ambiguous. On the one hand, the capacity of the subnational governments to rule on its region has a positive effect on students’ performance in mathematics. On the other hand, the capacity to influence the country as a whole has a negative impact on mathematics achievement. As a general result, we observe that students’ performance in Mathematics is more sensible to these exogenous variations than in Sciences and reading skills. Keywords: School outcomes, PISA, fiscal decentralization, political decentralization JEL codes: H11, H77, I21

Sobre el pacto fiscal y el sistema de concierto

En este trabajo se argumenta que la propuesta de Pacto Fiscal defendida por el actual Gobierno catalán es inviable constitucional y políticamente y desaconsejable en términos de racionalidad económica y administrativa. Esta reivindicación sólo servirá para excitar sentimientos de agravio dentro de Cataluña y de rechazo fuera de ella, alimentando así un sentimiento de confrontación que, aunque podría ser beneficioso electoralmente para algunos partidos nacionalistas catalanes, no serviría a los intereses de ninguna de las partes.

Fiscal foresight, forecast revisions and the effects of government spending in the open economy

This paper investigates the effects of government spending on the real exchange rate and the trade balance in the US using a new VAR identification procedure based on spending forecast revisions. I find that the real exchange rate appreciates and the trade balance deteriorates after a government spending shock, although the effects are quantitatively small. The findings broadly match the theoretical predictions of the standard Mundell-Fleming model and differ substantially from those existing in literature. Differences are attributable to the fact that, because of fiscal foresight, the government spending is non-fundamental for the variables typically used in open economy VARs. Here, on the contrary, the estimated shock is fundamental.

¿Cisne negro o pollo del montón? El déficit fiscal catalán en perspectiva

En esta nota se cuestiona la tesis de que el déficit fiscal de Catalunya es mucho mayor que el que registran otras regiones con niveles similares de renta relativa en los países de nuestro entorno. Cataluña encaja perfectamente en el patrón de redistribución territorial que se observa en Estados Unidos cuando abstraemos del tamaño de la Administración Central y trabajamos con el gasto que ''vuelve'' a cada territorio por euro o dolar de impuestos soportados. Esto hace muy difícil pensar que el saldo fiscal catalán pueda ser muy inferior al que presentan las regiones ricas de los países de Europa continental, que generalmente cuentan con sectores públicos mayores y mucho más redistributivos que el norteamericano.

Fiscal Facts 2003

An explaination of our governments expendiures.

Fiscal Year 2002 Annual Report, 2002

Annual report for Iowa Lottery

Achieving Results for Iowans Fiscal Year 2000 Annual Report, 2000

Annual report for Iowa Workforce Development

Service to Iowans Fiscal Year 2001 Annual Report, 2001

Annual Report for Iowa Workforce Development

Service to Iowans Fiscal Year 2002 Annual Report, 2002

Annual report for Iowa Workforce Development

O cidadão com transtorno psíquico: reflexões sobre os direitos humanos e os direitos do paciente

Considerando, as transformações sócio-político-econômicas que vem ocorrendo, a construção da história da Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, bem como as modificações no ensino de enfermagem pela nova Lei de Diretrizes e Bases e, ainda, a preocupação existente por parte de algumas facções no que se refere ao cumprimento e ao respeito aos Direitos Humanos e Direitos do Paciente, este estudo propõe reflexões sobre as condutas éticas de profissionais de enfermagem em relação ao paciente internado em hospital psiquiátrico, ressaltando o respeito pela dignidade humana. A discussão se dá à luz da Cartilha dos Direitos do Paciente, proposta pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Governo do Estado de São Paulo e da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. Dá destaque à responsabilidade da área do ensino no tocante ao processo de mobilização para a transformação de preconceitos sobre a loucura, buscando a prática efetiva regida pelos princípios de igualdade, democracia, liberdade e exercício da cidadania.

Iowa Department of Transportation Fiscal Year 2002 Report of Savings by Using Videoconferencing through Iowa Communications Network to the Iowa General Assembly, 2002

ICN Videoconferencing by the Iowa Department of Transportation

Iowa Utilities Board Fiscal Year 2002 Regulatory Plan Prepared Pursuant to Executive Order Nine, August 1, 2001

Report for the Iowa Utilities Board

Budget Report Fiscal Year 2005

Budget from the Governor's Office

Iowa Utilities Board Fiscal Year 2004 Regulatory Plans Pursuant to Executive Order Nine, August 1, 2003

Report for Iowa Utilities Board