Microbiota bucal de pacientes HIV positivos: relação com o uso de drogas antirretrovirais e condições de saúde

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Uso da linguagem documentária na busca da informação em bibliotecas universitárias: a perspectiva dos deficientes visuais

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Instrumentos antigos para o ensino de física: o tubo de Newton e seu uso no passado

O objetivo deste estudo é buscar compreender aspectos do trabalho experimental no ensino de Física no Brasil no passado, focalizando um instrumento antigo - o tubo de Newton. Considerando que a partir da Reforma Francisco Campos, em 1931, houve uma expansão do ensino secundário brasileiro e um aumento da presença de disciplinas científicas no currículo desse curso, examinamos as recomendações oficiais para o ensino de Física de 1931até 1961, quando foi promulgada a primeira Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Procuramos investigar como o uso do tubo de Newton aparece em livros didáticos de Física para a educação secundária, editados em nosso país, no período delimitado. Em nossas conclusões consideramos que o conhecimento histórico pode ajudar a compreender aspectos relevantes a respeito do papel da experimentação no ensino de Física em nossos dias.

Feliz para sempre? Uma análise dos efeitos do uso a longo prazo de antidepressivos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A inviabilidade do uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação no contexto escolar: o que contam os professores de matemática?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do uso profilático de omeprazol em pacientes internados no hospital estadual Américo Brasiliense

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação na formação continuada de professores: uma proposta para o uso do laboratório de informática

Pós-graduação em Docência para a Educação Básica - FC

Notificações espontâneas de eventos adversos a medicamentos hospitalares: estudo piloto

Introduction: Post-marketing surveillance of drugs aims to detect problems related to safety, effectiveness and quality. The identification of adverse drug events (ADE) is made, mainly, by health professionals´ spontaneous reporting. This method allows risk communication in pharmacovigilance and contributes for market regulation. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of adverse drug reaction (ADR) and the suspicions of therapeutic failure (TF) reported by health professionals; to verify the active principle and type of drugs related to ADE, seriousness, causality, production mechanism and clinical manifestation of the events identified. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in a teaching and public hospital which integrates the Sentinel Hospital Network, in 2008. ADR seriousness was classified according to intensity (mild, moderate, serious and lethal); drugs associated with ADE were categorized according to type (brand name drugs and non-brand name drugs); causality was imputed with Naranjo algorithm and the mechanism of occurrence was analyzed according to Rawlins e Thompson definitions (A or B). Results: There were 103 ADE reports in the period, of which 39 comprised TF and 64 ADR. Nurses reported the most ADE (53.4%). The majority of ADR were classified as type A (82.8%), mild (81.3%), possible (57.8%), according to causality assessment, and related to brand name drugs (20/35). Human immunoglobulin, docetaxel and paclitaxel were the drugs frequently associated with ADR. TF arising from no-brand name drugs (26/29), regarding, mainly, midazolam and ganciclovir. Conclusion: The results of the ADE report contribute for proposition of trigger tools for intensive monitoring of drug safety, as well as for the supplier qualification and for the improvement of quality products.

Opiniões e atitudes dos médicos frente às ações promocionais da indústria farmacêutica

The pharmaceutical industry invests heavily in promoting their products, and studies suggest that these actions influence doctor’s prescribing. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the opinions and attitudes of doctors when facing promotional activities of the laboratories. To this end, questionnaires were sent to doctors in Araraquara (SP) containing statements on the subject. Data analysis included study of the association by the chi-square. The results indicated that physicians relate to the propagandists (98%) by considering them useful (55%), but not as a main source update (86%). For 62% of them their prescriptions are not influenced by such relationships, while 24% disagree that doctors in general are influenced as well as new graduates (37%). The majority also disagrees that are influenced by amenities (86%) or free samples (70%) but only 38% believe their colleagues are not influenced by the samples. As for the ethics of these receipts, 57% considered to be appropriate when benefit patients, but only 32% while for personal use. The results show that doctors are vulnerable to the influences of marketing. Therefore, mechanisms and interventions are needed for prescribing drugs solely by criteria of effectiveness, safety, convenience and accessibility to the patient.

A importância da atenção farmacêutica após a verificação da qualidade microbiológica de medicamentos contendo paracetamol encontrados em algumas residências de Américo Brasiliense - SP

It is known that a high microbial count can compromise the stability of medicines, thus reducing their therapeutic efficacy. This work tried to demonstrate that the microbial contamination can be directly related to the inadequate handling of the medicines stored in homes, making it possible to draw strategies to reduce the possible risks of medical therapy offering correct information and advising. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the medicines containing paracetamol found in the residences of Américo Brasiliense-SP, using the microbial analysis of non-sterile method described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (1988). The medicine samples (30 samples) were obtained directly from the interviewed local residents, who had received new medicine bottles of the same product. An analysis of viable microorganisms (bacteria and fungus) was carried out to identify pathogens found in the collected samples. Although 90% of the analyzed samples have shown some microbial contamination, the results indicated the absence of pathogenic microorganisms, and the total count of viable microorganisms was below the maximum value for non-sterile (104 UFC/g or mL). It was also verified that the local residents stored the medicines in appropriate places, according to the orientations received when they bought the medicines in pharmacies and drugstores, showing the importance of information for the correct use and conservation of pharmaceuticals.

O impacto do problema ambiental do fluido de corte nas indústrias e novas alternativas para sua utilização mais racional nos processos de retificação

Devido à constante preocupação do meio ambiente, o uso de fluidos de corte tem se tornado um problema para a indústria mecânica atual por se tratar de substâncias tóxicas. Seu uso e sua dificuldade de descarte devido rígida Legislação Ambiental, faz com que o fluido de corte seja responsável por uma grande parte do custo final do processo, provocando, desse modo, um grande interesse em pesquisas referentes a métodos alternativos de forma e quantidade de fluido de corte utilizado. Ao lado das vantagens tecnológicas associadas com o uso dos fluidos de corte estão os enormes perigos atrelados a estes, e que são nocivos ao meio ambiente e à saúde das pessoas. A contaminação do solo, água e ar podem decorrer de vazamentos e perdas, emissões, água de lavagem e da própria disposição dos fluidos de corte.Os componentes dos fluidos de corte como bactericidas e fungicidas reagem com outros produtos inseridos no processo de corte, tornando os fluidos, materiais que podem vir a causar doenças. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a utilização do fluido de corte por mínima quantidade de lubrificação como alternativa para se minimizar o impacto ambiental das indústrias mecânicas.

Método para controle da qualidade de medicamentos sólidos por difração de raios X

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Queixas técnicas e eventos adversos a medicamentos notificados em um hospital sentinela do interior de São Paulo, 2009-2010

Objective: to describe technical complaints and adverse drug events reported in a sentinel hospital in São Paulo state in 2009 and 2010. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Information was obtained from the sentinel hospital Risk Management database. Results: we found 199 reports related to drugs: 70.0% were technical complaints, 21.0% ineffective therapy and 9.0% adverse reaction to medication. The pharmacological groups with highest number of reports were: drugs that act on alimentary tract and metabolism (25.1%), the nervous system (25.1%) and anti-infective drugs for systemic use (22.1%). Conclusion: technical complaints and adverse drug events were frequent, despite recognized underreporting. The characterization of these events could inform the adoption of control measures and permanent educational actions in health services in order to prevent their occurrence.

Medicamentos anti-hipertensivos na gestação e puerpério

Pregnancy toxemia is a multisystemic disease, which occurs mainly at the end of pregnancy, characterized by clinical manifestations such as hypertension, edema and proteinuria. It is the most commonly occurred medical complication in pregnancies and the main cause for perinatal and maternal morbimortalities. The purpose of this article is to review the main aspects concerning the use of antihypertensive agents during pregnancy and puerperium. The data has been collected from Pubmed and Bireme, from 2006 to 2010 using the words “anti-hipertensivo e gravidez” and “antihypertensive and pregnancy”. The knowledge regarding hypertension during pregnancy and its therapy is evolving; the search for medication that could protect the mother from acute dangers and to ensure a healthy newborn must be the focus. Evidence is still lacking regarding the best therapy, beginning period, duration and results. In spite of the pharmacological advances, there are still no drugs completely exempt of compromises to the mother and the conceptus.

Análise multicriterial aplicado na definição de áreas prioritárias ao uso agrícola da terra da bacia do Rio Capivara, Botucatu, SP

The use of geographic information systems (GIS), combined with advanced analysis technique, enables the standardization and data integration, which are usually from different sources, allowing you to conduct a joint evaluation of the same, providing more efficiency and reliability in the decision-making process to promote the adequacy of land use. This study aimed to analyze the priority areas of the basin agricultural use of the Capivara River, Botucatu, SP, through multicriterial analysis, aiming at conservation of water resources. The results showed that the Geographic Information System Idrisi Selva combined with advanced analysis technique and the weighted linear combination method proved to be an effective tool in the combination of different criteria, allowing the determination of the adequacy of agricultural land use less subjective way. Environmental criteria were shown to be suitable for the combination and multi-criteria analysis, allowing the preparation of the statement of suitability classes for agricultural use and can be useful for regional planning and decision-making by public bodies and environmental agents because the method takes into account the rational use of land and allowing the conservation of hydrics resources.