Informe sobre el Seminari «Sistemes d'Informació per a l'Acció Cultural Local» (Barcelona, 25-28 de novembre de 1998)

El passat mes de novembre, l'Àrea de Cultura de la Diputació de Barcelona va organitzar Interacció'98, unes jornades de convocatòria estatal sobre polítiques i gestió cultural. La convocatòria d'enguany ¿la quarta edició¿ tractà d'un centre d'interès específic: «Cultura i poder local». Dins el marc d'Interacció'98, es va organitzar el seminari de «Sistemes d'informació per a l'acció cultural local». Aquest seminari es va organitzar amb l'intent de conjugar la reflexió teòrica amb la presentació de pràctiques amb resultats positius procedents d'organitzacions públiques de diversa adscripció temàtica i sectorial de tot l'Estat espanyol. El comú denominador va ser la seva significació quant a les possibilitats i limitacions dels sistemes d'informació per a l'acció cultural a escala territorial.

Política local d'informació i biblioteca pública

S'analitza la relació entre la biblioteca pública i la política local d'informació. Es destaca la necessitat que les administracions desenvolupin, en l'àmbit local, sistemes d'informació per a sistematitzar i posar a disposició del ciutadà la informació generada des de l'Administració i d'altres agents municipals. Una de les funcions destacables de la biblioteca pública és facilitar l'accés a la informació. Això fa que la biblioteca tingui un paper clau en la participació en les polítiques locals d'informació. Es presenten exemples d'iniciatives vinculades a aquests àmbits i propostes d'actuació, tant per als ajuntaments com per a les pròpies biblioteques.

Local increase of arginase activity in lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is in Ethiopia mainly caused by the parasite Leishmania aethiopica. This neglected tropical disease is common in rural areas and causes serious morbidity. Persistent nonhealing cutaneous leishmaniasis has been associated with poor T cell mediated responses; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have recently shown in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis that arginase-induced L-arginine metabolism suppresses antigen-specific T cell responses at the site of pathology, but not in the periphery. To test whether these results translate to human disease, we recruited patients presenting with localized lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis and assessed the levels of arginase activity in cells isolated from peripheral blood and from skin biopsies. Arginase activity was similar in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients and healthy controls. In sharp contrast, arginase activity was significantly increased in lesion biopsies of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis as compared with controls. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of CD3ζ, CD4 and CD8 molecules were considerably lower at the site of pathology as compared to those observed in paired PBMCs. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that increased arginase in lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis might play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease by impairing T cell effector functions.

Historia local de Catalunya: fonts d'informació

Selecció comentada de fonts d'informació sobre historia local de Catalunya: col-leccions, bibliografies, actes de congressos, biblioteques, i altres entitats i publicacions de tipología diversa.

International Standardisation and Local Participatory Dynamics : The INTERNORM Project

This paper presents a pilot project (INTERNORM) funded by the University of Lausanne (2010 - 2013) to support the involvement of civil society organisations (CSO) in international standard setting bodies such as the ISO. It analyses how a distinct participatory mechanism can influence the institutional environment of technical diplomacy in which standards are shaped. The project is an attempt to respond to the democratic deficit attested in the field of international standardisation, formally open to civil society participation, but still largely dominated by expert knowledge and market players. Many international standards have direct implications on society as a whole, but CSOs (consumers and environmental associations, trade unions) are largely under-represented in negotiation arenas. The paper draws upon international relations literature on new institutional forms in global governance and studies of participation in science and technology. It argues that there are significant limitations to the rise of civil society participation in such global governance mechanisms. The INTERNORM project has been designed as a platform of knowledge exchange between CSO and academic experts, with earmarked funding and official membership to a national standardisation body. But INTERNORM cannot substitute for a long- established lack of resources in time, money and expertise of CSOs. Despite high entry costs into technical diplomacy, participation thus appears as less a matter of upstream engagement, or of procedure only, than of dedicated means to shift the geometry of actors and the framing of socio-technical change.

Benchmarking del e-gobierno local: limitaciones de los sistemas de evaluación comparativa

Se introduce la necesidad de evaluar y comparar el desarrollo del e-gobierno y se analizan los instrumentos existentes. En primer lugar se presentan los modelos de evolución del e-gobierno actualmente en uso y se discuten sus características y utilidad. Un análisis de los estudios comparativos muestra el interés que despierta el área de administración electrónica. Seguidamente se analizan los estudios comparativos más relevantes sobre provisión electrónica de servicios públicos en la administración local. Ambos análisis ponen de manifiesto las limitaciones de los estudios existentes en su aplicabilidad en el ámbito local. Algunas son: la escasez de trabajos sobre administración local, la medida de la adopción de los servicios públicos, y el uso de modelos de evolución de e-gobierno que no reflejan las nuevas tendencias en prestación de servicios. Finalmente se señalan mejoras a realizar en futuras evaluaciones comparativas de servicios electrónicos para incrementar su aplicabilidad en la administración local.

Report on the Local Public Health Services Grant administered by the Bureau of Local Public Health Services, a division of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention of the Iowa Department of Public Health for the period July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2008

Report on the Local Public Health Services Grant administered by the Bureau of Local Public Health Services, a division of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention of the Iowa Department of Public Health for the period July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2008

Local ocular immunomodulation resulting from electrotransfer of plasmid encoding soluble TNF receptors in the ciliary muscle.

PURPOSE: Plasmid electrotransfer in the ciliary muscle allows the sustained release of therapeutic proteins within the eye. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the ocular production of TNF-alpha soluble receptor, using this nonviral gene therapy method, could have a beneficial local effect in a model of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS: Injection of a plasmid encoding a TNF-alpha p55 receptor (30 microg) in the ciliary muscle, combined with electrotransfer (200 V/cm), was carried out in Lewis rat eyes 4 days before the induction of EAU by S-antigen. Control eyes received naked plasmid electrotransfer or simple injection of the therapeutic plasmid. The disease was evaluated clinically and histologically. Cytokines and chemokines were analyzed in the ocular media by multiplex assay performed 15 and 21 days after immunization. RESULTS: Ocular TNF-alpha blockade, resulting from the local secretion of soluble receptors, was associated with delayed and significantly less severe uveitis, together with a reduction of the retinal damages. Compared with the controls, treated eyes showed significantly lower levels of IL-1beta and MCP1, higher levels of IL-13 and IL-4, and reduced NOS-2 expression in infiltrating cells. Treatment did not influence TNF-alpha levels in inguinal lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results indicate that local immunomodulation was achieved and that no systemic adverse effects of TNF-alpha blockade observed after systemic injection of TNF-alpha inhibitors should be expected.

Local Jurisdictions Information, 2010

Directory of county officials and employees

Relação entre o conhecimento local, atributos químicos e físicos do solo e uso das terras

O conhecimento dos agricultores sobre o uso das terras pode auxiliar no levantamento de solos. Este trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Americana, Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de relacionar o conhecimento local do ambiente com os atributos químicos e físicos do solo e com o Sistema de Capacidade de Uso das Terras para fins de reforma agrária. Por meio do conhecimento local, foram identificados sete ambientes: baixada, vereda, chapada, tabuleiro, carrasco, tabuleiro misto e espigão. O conhecimento local sobre o uso das terras mostrou estreita relação com o Sistema de Capacidade de Uso, constituindo uma ferramenta para o parcelamento das terras para fins de reforma agrária.

Towards a global criteria based framework for the sustainability assessment of bioethanol supply chains: application to the Swiss dilemma : is local produced bioethanol more sustainable than bioethanol imported from Brazil?

Biofuels are considered as a promising substitute for fossil fuels when considering the possible reduction of greenhouse gases emissions. However limiting their impacts on potential benefits for reducing climate change is shortsighted. Global sustainability assessments are necessary to determine the sustainability of supply chains. We propose a new global criterion based framework enabling a comprehensive international comparison of bioethanol supply chains. The interest of this framework is that the selection of the sustainability indicators is qualified on three criterions: relevance, reliability and adaptability to the local context. Sustainability issues have been handled along environmental, social and economical issues. This new framework has been applied for a specific issue: from a Swiss perspective, is locally produced bioethanol in Switzerland more sustainable than imported from Brazil? Thanks to this framework integrating local context in its indicator definition, Brazilian production of bioethanol is shown as energy efficient and economically interesting for Brazil. From a strictly economic point of view, bioethanol production within Switzerland is not justified for Swiss consumption and questionable for the environmental issue. The social dimension is delicate to assess due to the lack of reliable data and is strongly linked to the agricultural policy in both countries. There is a need of establishing minimum sustainability criteria for imported bioethanol to avoid unwanted negative or leakage effects.