Geometric diagnostics of complex patterns: Spiral defect chaos

Motivated by the observation of spiral patterns in a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological systems, we present an automated approach that aims at characterizing quantitatively spiral-like elements in complex stripelike patterns. The approach provides the location of the spiral tip and the size of the spiral arms in terms of their arc length and their winding number. In addition, it yields the number of pattern components (Betti number of order 1), as well as their size and certain aspects of their shape. We apply the method to spiral defect chaos in thermally driven Rayleigh- Bénard convection and find that the arc length of spirals decreases monotonically with decreasing Prandtl number of the fluid and increasing heating. By contrast, the winding number of the spirals is nonmonotonic in the heating. The distribution function for the number of spirals is significantly narrower than a Poisson distribution. The distribution function for the winding number shows approximately an exponential decay. It depends only weakly on the heating, but strongly on the Prandtl number. Large spirals arise only for larger Prandtl numbers. In this regime the joint distribution for the spiral length and the winding number exhibits a three-peak structure, indicating the dominance of Archimedean spirals of opposite sign and relatively straight sections. For small Prandtl numbers the distribution function reveals a large number of small compact pattern components.

Surveillance and diagnostics of the beam mode vibrations of the ringhals pwrs

Surveillance of core barrel vibrations has been performed in the Swedish Ringhals PWRs for several years. This surveillance is focused mainly on the pendular motion of the core barrel, which is known as the beam mode. The monitoring of the beam mode has suggested that its amplitude increases along the cycle and decreases after refuelling. In the last 5 years several measurements have been taken in order to understand this behaviour. Besides, a non-linear fitting procedure has been implemented in order to better distinguish the different components of vibration. By using this fitting procedure, two modes of vibration have been identified in the frequency range of the beam mode. Several results coming from the trend analysis performed during these years indicate that one of the modes is due to the core barrel motion itself and the other is due to the individual flow induced vibrations of the fuel elements. In this work, the latest results of this monitoring are presented.

Surveillance and diagnostics of the beam mode vibrations of the ringhlas PWRs

Surveillance of core barrel vibrations has been performed in the Swedish Ringhals PWRs for several years. This surveillance is focused mainly on the pendular motion of the core barrel, which is known as the beam mode. The monitoring of the beam mode has suggested that its amplitude increases along the cycle and decreases after refuelling. In the last 5 years several measurements have been taken in order to understand this behaviour. Besides, a non-linear fitting procedure has been implemented in order to better distinguish the different components of vibration. By using this fitting procedure, two modes of vibration have been identified in the frequency range of the beam mode. Several results coming from the trend analysis performed during these years indicate that one of the modes is due to the core barrel motion itself and the other is due to the individual flow induced vibrations of the fuel elements. In this work, the latest results of this monitoring are presented.

Bio-inspired enhancement of reputation systems for intelligent environments

Providing security to the emerging field of ambient intelligence will be difficult if we rely only on existing techniques, given their dynamic and heterogeneous nature. Moreover, security demands of these systems are expected to grow, as many applications will require accurate context modeling. In this work we propose an enhancement to the reputation systems traditionally deployed for securing these systems. Different anomaly detectors are combined using the immunological paradigm to optimize reputation system performance in response to evolving security requirements. As an example, the experiments show how a combination of detectors based on unsupervised techniques (self-organizing maps and genetic algorithms) can help to significantly reduce the global response time of the reputation system. The proposed solution offers many benefits: scalability, fast response to adversarial activities, ability to detect unknown attacks, high adaptability, and high ability in detecting and confining attacks. For these reasons, we believe that our solution is capable of coping with the dynamism of ambient intelligence systems and the growing requirements of security demands.

Intelligent Therapy Assistant (ITA) for cognitive rehabilitation in patients with Acquired Brain Injury

This paper presents the design, development and first evaluation of an algorithm, named Intelligent Therapy Assistant (ITA), which automatically selects, configures and schedules rehabilitation tasks for patients with cognitive impairments after an episode of Acquired Brain Injury. The ITA is integrated in "Guttmann, Neuro Personal Trainer" (GNPT), a cognitive tele-rehabilitation platform that provides neuropsychological services.

ExperNet: An Intelligent Multiagent System for WAN Management

This paper describes ExperNet, an intelligent multi-agent system that was developed under an EU funded project to assist in the management of a large-scale data network. ExperNet assists network operators at various nodes of a WAN to detect and diagnose hardware failures and network traffic problems and suggests the most feasible solution, through a web-based interface. ExperNet is composed by intelligent agents, capable of both local problem solving and social interaction among them for coordinating problem diagnosis and repair. The current network state is captured and maintained by conventional network management and monitoring software components, which have been smoothly integrated into the system through sophisticated information exchange interfaces. For the implementation of the agents, a distributed Prolog system enhanced with networking facilities was developed. The agents’ knowledge base is developed in an extensible and reactive knowledge base system capable of handling multiple types of knowledge representation. ExperNet has been developed, installed and tested successfully in an experimental network zone of Ukraine.

Modelización e integración de sistemas de adquisición de datos inteligentes en sistemas de instrumentación para dispositivos de fusión

La obtención de energía a partir de la fusión nuclear por confinamiento magnético del plasma, es uno de los principales objetivos dentro de la comunidad científica dedicada a la energía nuclear. Desde la construcción del primer dispositivo de fusión, hasta la actualidad, se han llevado a cabo multitud de experimentos, que hoy en día, gran parte de ellos dan soporte al proyecto International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). El principal problema al que se enfrenta ITER, se basa en la monitorización y el control del plasma. Gracias a las nuevas tecnologías, los sistemas de instrumentación y control permiten acercarse más a la solución del problema, pero a su vez, es más complicado estandarizar los sistemas de adquisición de datos que se usan, no solo en ITER, sino en otros proyectos de igual complejidad. Desarrollar nuevas implementaciones hardware y software bajo los requisitos de los diagnósticos definidos por los científicos, supone una gran inversión de tiempo, retrasando la ejecución de nuevos experimentos. Por ello, la solución que plantea esta tesis, consiste en la definición de una metodología de diseño que permite implementar sistemas de adquisición de datos inteligentes y su fácil integración en entornos de fusión para la implementación de diagnósticos. Esta metodología requiere del uso de los dispositivos Reconfigurable Input/Output (RIO) y Flexible RIO (FlexRIO), que son sistemas embebidos basados en tecnología Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Para completar la metodología de diseño, estos dispositivos van a ser soportados por un software basado en EPICS Device Support utilizando la tecnología EPICS software asynDriver. Esta metodología se ha evaluado implementando prototipos para los controladores rápidos de planta de ITER, tanto para casos prácticos de ámbito general como adquisición de datos e imágenes, como para casos concretos como el diagnóstico del fission chamber, implementando pre-procesado en tiempo real. Además de casos prácticos, esta metodología se ha utilizado para implementar casos reales, como el Ion Source Hydrogen Positive (ISHP), desarrollada por el European Spallation Source (ESS Bilbao) y la Universidad del País Vasco. Finalmente, atendiendo a las necesidades que los experimentos en los entornos de fusión requieren, se ha diseñado un mecanismo mediante el cual los sistemas de adquisición de datos, que pueden ser implementados mediante la metodología de diseño propuesta, pueden integrar un reloj hardware capaz de sincronizarse con el protocolo IEEE1588-V2, permitiendo a estos, obtener los TimeStamps de las muestras adquiridas con una exactitud y precisión de decenas de nanosegundos y realizar streaming de datos con TimeStamps. ABSTRACT Fusion energy reaching by means of nuclear fusion plasma confinement is one of the main goals inside nuclear energy scientific community. Since the first fusion device was built, many experiments have been carried out and now, most of them give support to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project. The main difficulty that ITER has to overcome is the plasma monitoring and control. Due to new technologies, the instrumentation and control systems allow an approaching to the solution, but in turn, the standardization of the used data acquisition systems, not only in ITER but also in other similar projects, is more complex. To develop new hardware and software implementations under scientific diagnostics requirements, entail time costs, delaying new experiments execution. Thus, this thesis presents a solution that consists in a design methodology definition, that permits the implementation of intelligent data acquisition systems and their easy integration into fusion environments for diagnostic purposes. This methodology requires the use of Reconfigurable Input/Output (RIO) and Flexible RIO (FlexRIO) devices, based on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) embedded technology. In order to complete the design methodology, these devices are going to be supported by an EPICS Device Support software, using asynDriver technology. This methodology has been evaluated implementing ITER PXIe fast controllers prototypes, as well as data and image acquisition, so as for concrete solutions like the fission chamber diagnostic use case, using real time preprocessing. Besides of these prototypes solutions, this methodology has been applied for the implementation of real experiments like the Ion Source Hydrogen Positive (ISHP), developed by the European Spallation Source and the Basque country University. Finally, a hardware mechanism has been designed to integrate a hardware clock into RIO/FlexRIO devices, to get synchronization with the IEEE1588-V2 precision time protocol. This implementation permits to data acquisition systems implemented under the defined methodology, to timestamp all data acquired with nanoseconds accuracy, permitting high throughput timestamped data streaming.

Evaluating social choice techniques into intelligent environments by agent based social simulation

The primary hypothesis stated by this paper is that the use of social choice theory in Ambient Intelligence systems can improve significantly users satisfaction when accessing shared resources. A research methodology based on agent based social simulations is employed to support this hypothesis and to evaluate these benefits. The result is a six-fold contribution summarized as follows. Firstly, several considerable differences between this application case and the most prominent social choice application, political elections, have been found and described. Secondly, given these differences, a number of metrics to evaluate different voting systems in this scope have been proposed and formalized. Thirdly, given the presented application and the metrics proposed, the performance of a number of well known electoral systems is compared. Fourthly, as a result of the performance study, a novel voting algorithm capable of obtaining the best balance between the metrics reviewed is introduced. Fifthly, to improve the social welfare in the experiments, the voting methods are combined with cluster analysis techniques. Finally, the article is complemented by a free and open-source tool, VoteSim, which ensures not only the reproducibility of the experimental results presented, but also allows the interested reader to adapt the case study presented to different environments.

Diagnostics of classical and dusty plasmas w ith collecting and emissive langmuir probes = Diagnosis de plasmas clásicos y granulares mediante sondas colectoras y emisoras de Langmuir

Las sondas eléctricas se emplean habitualmente en la diagnosis de plasmas. La presente tesis aborda la operación de las sondas colectoras y emisoras de Langmuir en plasmas fríos de baja densidad. El estudio se ha centrado en la determinación del potencial de plasma, Vsp, mediante el potencial flotante de una sonda emisora. Esta técnica consiste en la medida del potencial de la sonda correspondiente a la condición de corriente neta igual a cero, el cual se denomina potencial flotante, VF. Este potencial se desplaza hacia el potencial del plasma según aumenta la emisión termoiónica de la sonda, hasta que se satura cerca de Vsp. Los experimentos llevados a cabo en la pluma de plasma de un motor iónico y en un plasma de descarga de glow muestran que la corriente de electrones termoiónicos es mayor que la corriente de electrones recogidos para una sonda polarizada por debajo del potencial del plasma, resultado inconsistente con la teoría tradicionalmente aceptada. Para investigar estos resultados se ha introducido el parámetro R, definido como el cociente entre la corriente de electrones emitidos y recogidos por la sonda. Este parámetro, que está relacionado con la diferencia de potencial VF - Vsp, también es útil para la descripción de los modos de operación de la sonda emisora (débil, fuerte y más allá del fuerte). Los resultados experimentales evidencian que, al contrario de lo que indica la teoría, R es mayor que la unidad. Esta discrepancia se puede solucionar introduciendo una población efectiva de electrones. Con dicha población, el nuevo modelo para la corriente total de la sonda reproduce los datos experimentales. El origen de este grupo electrónico es todavía una cuestión abierta, pero podría estar originada por una nueva estructura de potencial cerca de la sonda cuando ésta trabaja en el régimen de emisión fuerte. Para explicar dicha estructura de potencial, se propone un modelo unidimensional compuesto por un mínimo de potencial cerca de la superficie de la sonda. El análisis numérico indica que este pozo de potencial aparece para muy altas temperaturas de la sonda, reduciendo la cantidad de electrones emitidos que alcanzan el plasma y evitando así cualquier posible perturbación de éste. Los aspectos experimentales involucrados en el método del potencial flotante también se han estudiado, incluyendo cuestiones como las diferentes técnicas de obtención del VF, el cociente señal-ruido, el acoplamiento de la señal de los equipos utilizados para la obtención de las curvas I-V o la evidencia experimental de los diferentes modos de operación de la sonda. Estas evidencias empíricas se encuentran en todos los aspectos de operación de la sonda: la recolección de electrones, el potencial flotante, la precisión en las curvas I-V y la emisión electrónica. Ésta última también se estudia en la tesis, debido a que un fenómeno de super emisión tiene lugar en el régimen de emisión fuerte. En este modo de operación, las medidas experimentales indican que las corrientes termoiónicas de electrones son mayores que aquéllas predichas por la ecuación de Richardson-Dushman clásica. Por último, la diagnosis de plasmas usando sondas eléctrica bajo presencia de granos de polvo (plasmas granulares) en plasmas fríos de baja densidad también se ha estudiado, mediante la aplicación numérica de la técnica del potencial flotante de la sonda emisora en un plasma no convencional. Los resultados apuntan a que el potencial flotante de una sonda emisora se vería afectado por altas densidades de polvo o grandes partículas. ABSTRACT Electric probes are widely employed for plasma diagnostics. This dissertation concerns the operation of collecting and emissive Langmuir probes in low density cold plasmas. The study is focused on the determination of the plasma potential, Vsp, by means of the floating potential of emissive probes. This technique consists of the measurement of the probe potential, corresponding to the zero net probe current, which is the so-called floating potential, VF . This potential displaces towards the plasma potential as the thermionic electron emission increases, until it saturates near Vsp. Experiments carried out in the plasma plume of an ion thruster and in a glow discharge plasma show the thermionic electron current of the emissive Langmuir probe is higher than the collected electron current, for a probe with a bias potential below Vsp, which is inconsistent with the traditional accepted theory. To investigate these results, a parameter R is introduced as the ratio between the emitted and the collected electron current. This parameter, which is related to the difference VF - Vsp, is also useful for the description of the operation modes of the emissive Langmuir probe (weak, strong and beyond strong). The experimental results give an inconsistency of R > 1, which is solved by a modification of the theory for emissive probes, with the introduction of an effective electron population. With this new electron group, the new model for the total probe current agrees with the experimental data. The origin of this electron group remains an open question, but it might be originated by a new potential structure near the emissive probe when it operates in the strong emission regime. A simple one-dimension model composed by a minimum of potential near the probe surface is discussed for strongly emitting emissive probes. The results indicate that this complex potential structure appears for very high probe temperatures and the potential well might reduce the emitted electrons population reaching the plasma bulk. The experimental issues involved in the floating potential method are also studied, as the different obtaining techniques of VF, the signal-to-noise ratio, the signal coupling of the I-V curve measurement system or the experimental evidence of the probe operation modes. These empirical proofs concern all the probe operation aspects: the electron collection, the floating potential, the I-V curve accuracy as well as the electron emission. This last issue is also investigated in this dissertation, because a super emission takes place in the strong emission regime. In this operation mode, the experimental results indicate that the thermionic electron currents might be higher than those predicted by the classical Richardson-Dushman equation. Finally, plasma diagnosis using electric probes in the presence of dust grains (dusty plasmas) in low density cold plasmas is also addressed. The application of the floating potential technique of the emissive probe in a non-conventional complex plasma is numerically investigated, whose results point out the floating potential of the emissive probe might be shifted for high dust density or large dust particles.

Personalisation of intelligent homecare services adapted to children with motor impairments

Ambient Intelligence could support innovative application domains like motor impairments' detection at the home environment. This research aims to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders through the natural interaction of the children with embedded intelligence daily life objects, like home furniture and toys. Designed system uses an interoperable platform to provide two intelligent interrelated home healthcare services: monitoring of children¿s abilities and completion of early stimulation activities. A set of sensors, which are embedded within the rooms, toys and furniture, allows private data gathering about the child's interaction with the environment. This information feeds a reasoning subsystem, which encloses an ontology of neurodevelopment items, and adapts the service to the age and acquisition of expected abilities. Next, the platform proposes customized stimulation services by taking advantage of the existing facilities at the child's environment. The result integrates Embedded Sensor Systems for Health at Mälardalen University with UPM Smart Home, for adapted services delivery.

iCarer Project: Intelligent Care Guidance and Learning Services Platform for Informal Carers of the Elderly

The increasing ageing population is demanding new care approaches to maintain the quality of life of elderly people. Informal carers are becoming crucial agents in the care and support of elderly people, which can lead to those carers suffering from additional stress due to competing priorities with employment or due to lack of knowledge about elderly people?s care needs. Thus, support and stress relief in carers should be a key issue in the home-care process of these older adults. Considering this context, this work presents the iCarer project aimed at developing a personalized and adaptive platform to offer informal carers support by means of monitoring their activities of daily care and psychological state, as well as providing an orientation to help them improve the care provided. Additionally, iCarer will provide e-Learning services and an informal carers learning network. As a result, carers will be able to expand their knowledge, supported by the experience provided by expert counsellors and fellow carers. Additionally, the coordination between formal and informal carers will be improved, offering the informal carers flexibility to organize and combine their assistance and social activities.

MAIA: an event-based modular architecture for intelligent agents

Online services are no longer isolated. The release of public APIs and technologies such as web hooks are allowing users and developers to access their information easily. Intelligent agents could use this information to provide a better user experience across services, connecting services with smart automatic. behaviours or actions. However, agent platforms are not prepared to easily add external sources such as web services, which hinders the usage of agents in the so-called Evented or Live Web. As a solution, this paper introduces an event-based architecture for agent systems, in accordance with the new tendencies in web programming. In particular, it is focused on personal agents that interact with several web services. With this architecture, called MAIA, connecting to new web services does not involve any modification in the platform.

Cooperative Learning Model based on Multi-Agent Architecture for Embedded Intelligent Systems

Cooperative systems are suitable for many types of applications and nowadays these system are vastly used to improve a previously defined system or to coordinate multiple devices working together. This paper provides an alternative to improve the reliability of a previous intelligent identification system. The proposed approach implements a cooperative model based on multi-agent architecture. This new system is composed of several radar-based systems which identify a detected object and transmit its own partial result by implementing several agents and by using a wireless network to transfer data. The proposed topology is a centralized architecture where the coordinator device is in charge of providing the final identification result depending on the group behavior. In order to find the final outcome, three different mechanisms are introduced. The simplest one is based on majority voting whereas the others use two different weighting voting procedures, both providing the system with learning capabilities. Using an appropriate network configuration, the success rate can be improved from the initial 80% up to more than 90%.

Contribution towards intelligent service management in wearable and ubiquitous devices

Hoy en día asistimos a un creciente interés por parte de la sociedad hacia el cuidado de la salud. Esta afirmación viene apoyada por dos realidades. Por una parte, el aumento de las prácticas saludables (actividad deportiva, cuidado de la alimentación, etc.). De igual manera, el auge de los dispositivos inteligentes (relojes, móviles o pulseras) capaces de medir distintos parámetros físicos como el pulso cardíaco, el ritmo respiratorio, la distancia recorrida, las calorías consumidas, etc. Combinando ambos factores (interés por el estado de salud y disponibilidad comercial de dispositivos inteligentes) están surgiendo multitud de aplicaciones capaces no solo de controlar el estado actual de salud, también de recomendar al usuario cambios de hábitos que lleven hacia una mejora en su condición física. En este contexto, los llamados dispositivos llevables (weareables) unidos al paradigma de Internet de las cosas (IoT, del inglés Internet of Things) permiten la aparición de nuevos nichos de mercado para aplicaciones que no solo se centran en la mejora de la condición física, ya que van más allá proponiendo soluciones para el cuidado de pacientes enfermos, la vigilancia de niños o ancianos, la defensa y la seguridad, la monitorización de agentes de riesgo (como bomberos o policías) y un largo etcétera de aplicaciones por llegar. El paradigma de IoT se puede desarrollar basándose en las existentes redes de sensores inalámbricos (WSN, del inglés Wireless Sensor Network). La conexión de los ya mencionados dispositivos llevables a estas redes puede facilitar la transición de nuevos usuarios hacia aplicaciones IoT. Pero uno de los problemas intrínsecos a estas redes es su heterogeneidad. En efecto, existen multitud de sistemas operativos, protocolos de comunicación, plataformas de desarrollo, soluciones propietarias, etc. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es realizar aportaciones significativas para solucionar no solo el problema de la heterogeneidad, sino también de dotar de mecanismos de seguridad suficientes para salvaguardad la integridad de los datos intercambiados en este tipo de aplicaciones. Algo de suma importancia ya que los datos médicos y biométricos de los usuarios están protegidos por leyes nacionales y comunitarias. Para lograr dichos objetivos, se comenzó con la realización de un completo estudio del estado del arte en tecnologías relacionadas con el marco de investigación (plataformas y estándares para WSNs e IoT, plataformas de implementación distribuidas, dispositivos llevables y sistemas operativos y lenguajes de programación). Este estudio sirvió para tomar decisiones de diseño fundamentadas en las tres contribuciones principales de esta tesis: un bus de servicios para dispositivos llevables (WDSB, Wearable Device Service Bus) basado en tecnologías ya existentes tales como ESB, WWBAN, WSN e IoT); un protocolo de comunicaciones inter-dominio para dispositivos llevables (WIDP, Wearable Inter-Domain communication Protocol) que integra en una misma solución protocolos capaces de ser implementados en dispositivos de bajas capacidades (como lo son los dispositivos llevables y los que forman parte de WSNs); y finalmente, la tercera contribución relevante es una propuesta de seguridad para WSN basada en la aplicación de dominios de confianza. Aunque las contribuciones aquí recogidas son de aplicación genérica, para su validación se utilizó un escenario concreto de aplicación: una solución para control de parámetros físicos en entornos deportivos, desarrollada dentro del proyecto europeo de investigación “LifeWear”. En este escenario se desplegaron todos los elementos necesarios para validar las contribuciones principales de esta tesis y, además, se realizó una aplicación para dispositivos móviles por parte de uno de los socios del proyecto (lo que contribuyó con una validación externa de la solución). En este escenario se usaron dispositivos llevables tales como un reloj inteligente, un teléfono móvil con sistema operativo Android y un medidor del ritmo cardíaco inalámbrico capaz de obtener distintos parámetros fisiológicos del deportista. Sobre este escenario se realizaron diversas pruebas de validación mediante las cuales se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios. ABSTRACT Nowadays, society is shifting towards a growing interest and concern on health care. This phenomenon can be acknowledged by two facts: first, the increasing number of people practising some kind of healthy activity (sports, balanced diet, etc.). Secondly, the growing number of commercial wearable smart devices (smartwatches or bands) able to measure physiological parameters such as heart rate, breathing rate, distance or consumed calories. A large number of applications combining both facts are appearing. These applications are not only able to monitor the health status of the user, but also to provide recommendations about routines in order to improve the mentioned health status. In this context, wearable devices merged with the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm enable the proliferation of new market segments for these health wearablebased applications. Furthermore, these applications can provide solutions for the elderly or baby care, in-hospital or in-home patient monitoring, security and defence fields or an unforeseen number of future applications. The introduced IoT paradigm can be developed with the usage of existing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by connecting the novel wearable devices to them. In this way, the migration of new users and actors to the IoT environment will be eased. However, a major issue appears in this environment: heterogeneity. In fact, there is a large number of operating systems, hardware platforms, communication and application protocols or programming languages, each of them with unique features. The main objective of this thesis is defining and implementing a solution for the intelligent service management in wearable and ubiquitous devices so as to solve the heterogeneity issues that are presented when dealing with interoperability and interconnectivity of devices and software of different nature. Additionally, a security schema based on trust domains is proposed as a solution to the privacy problems arising when private data (e.g., biomedical parameters or user identification) is broadcasted in a wireless network. The proposal has been made after a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis, and includes the design of a Wearable Device Service Bus (WDSB) including the technologies collected in the requirement analysis (ESB, WWBAN, WSN and IoT). Applications are able to access the WSN services regardless of the platform and operating system where they are running. Besides, this proposal also includes the design of a Wearable Inter-Domain communication Protocols set (WIDP) which integrates lightweight protocols suitable to be used in low-capacities devices (REST, JSON, AMQP, CoAP, etc...). Furthermore, a security solution for service management based on a trustworthy domains model to deploy security services in WSNs has been designed. Although the proposal is a generic framework for applications based on services provided by wearable devices, an application scenario for testing purposes has been included. In this validation scenario it has been presented an autonomous physical condition performance system, based on a WSN, bringing the possibility to include several elements in an IoT scenario: a smartwatch, a physiological monitoring device and a smartphone. In summary, the general objective of this thesis is solving the heterogeneity and security challenges arising when developing applications for WSNs and wearable devices. As it has been presented in the thesis, the solution proposed has been successfully validated in a real scenario and the obtained results were satisfactory.

Accessible interaction solution based on confidence for the deployment of pervasive sensitive services in intelligent environments

Los servicios basados en las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) están cada vez más presentes en la vida de las personas. El avance de las TIC en términos técnicos y de aceptación social ha dado lugar la creación de nuevos modelos de provisión de servicios. Estos modelos de servicio implican una mayor integración con las actividades de las personas de forma que ya no solo están presentes en su ámbito profesional o de espacio ciudadano sino también en un ámbito más íntimo relacionado con su propia identidad. Así en la actualidad es común encontrar servicios conocedores del estado de salud de las personas, sus hábitos domésticos, su ideología, etc. Por tanto el análisis de los servicios actuales no puede limitarse a una componente técnica sino que es más necesario que nunca la inclusión de aspectos más relacionados con la forma de ser y sentir de sus usuarios. De esta forma no solo se garantizará la corrección técnica de sus funcionalidades sino que también se fomentará la generación de soluciones cívicamente seguras y respetuosas tanto con los derechos como con la forma de ser y sentir de sus usuarios. Desde el punto de vista de ingeniería, la perspectiva del usuario se ha englobado históricamente bajo el concepto de aceptación tecnológica. Dentro de este ámbito se puede interpretar que soluciones respetuosas y adaptadas a los usuarios fomentarán la aceptación por parte de éstos. La aceptación de una solución es algo deseable si bien es difícil de asegurar. Esta dificultad es debida al desconocimiento del número de variables que afectan a la aceptación de soluciones tecnológicas y a la dificultad de optimización de las variables conocidas. En esta tesis doctoral se estudia y caracteriza una de las variables que afecta a la aceptación de los servicios actuales: la confianza. Se define la confianza en términos psicológicos caracterizándola para permitir su uso en los métodos propios de la ingeniería. Además se proponen distintas herramientas que facilitan la optimización de la confianza en servicios cuya complejidad convierte a esta variable en una cuestión básica para mejorar la aceptación. Como contexto de trabajo para la tesis se ha escogido un servicio de salud desplegado en un hogar. Este escenario presenta una serie de restricciones de aceptación relativas a la tecnología utilizada para la creación de los servicios y la forma en que éstos gestionan la información adquirida del usuario. Se trata de servicios altamente sensibles y deslocalizados que pueden afectar a la percepción del usuario sobre el entorno, el hogar, y generar temores o rechazos que impidan su adopción final como solución válida. Una vez definido el marco genérico de trabajo, el objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral se concreta en contribuir al fomento de la aceptación de nuevos servicios de salud pervasivos y personalizados y su despliegue en entornos inteligentes domésticos mediante un marco de diseño que promueva un estado psicológico de confianza en los usuarios. Para lograr abordar correctamente este objetivo se han proporcionado una serie de resultados tanto a nivel conceptual como tecnológico y experimental. En concreto se ha ofrecido una caracterización completa del sentimiento de confianza desde un punto de vista de ingeniería y una definición del concepto de servicio sensible deslocalizado o pervasivo. Además se ofrece un método para la inclusión del Diseño de Interacción, herramienta muy relacionada con la mejora de las variables de aceptación de tecnología, en los procesos de ingeniería de este tipo de servicios mediante un conjunto de patrones de interacción Persona – Entorno Inteligente. Finalmente se ha proporcionado el desarrollo de una arquitectura software para garantizar el correcto despliegue de estos servicios sensibles pervasivos en espacios inteligentes de una forma confiable. La discusión de los resultados obtenidos sugiere la extensión del modelo a diferentes servicios de la Sociedad de la Información que manejen datos sensibles tanto en el contexto del Hogar Digital como otros contextos donde el usuario realice actividades cotidianas, como los espacios de trabajo o los centros educativos. Las líneas de trabajo futuras contemplan la necesidad inminente de aplicar los resultados a desarrollos en curso, dentro de proyectos de investigación en los que participa el autor así como el desarrollo de nuevas líneas de investigación orientadas a la generación de nuevos espacios y tecnologías de interacción como el Colegio Digital, juguetes del futuro, sistemas de visualización confiables o sistemas de seguridad basados en el estado de las personas.