902 resultados para Intelligent control systems
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Delivery context-aware adaptative heterogenous systems. Currently, many types of devices that have gained access to the network is large and diverse. The different capabilities and characteristics of them, in addition to the different characteristics and preferences of users, have generated a new goal to overcome: how to adapt the contents taking into account this heterogeneity, known as the delivery context. The concepts of adaptation and accessibility have been widely discussed and have resulted in many proposals, standards and techniques designed to solve the problem, making it necessary to refine the analysis of the issue to be considered in the process of adaptation. We present a tour of the various proposals and standards that have marked the area of heterogeneous systems works, and others who have worked since the real-time interaction through agents based platforms. All targeted to solve a common goal: the delivery context
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The purpose of this research project is to study current practices in enhancing visibility and protection of highway maintenance vehicles involved in moving operations such as snow removal and shoulder operations, crack sealing, and pothole patching. The results will enable the maintenance staff to adequately assess the applicability and impact of each strategy to their use and budget. The reports literature review chapter examines the use of maintenance vehicle warning lights, retroreflective tapes, shadow vehicles and truck-mounted attenuators, and advanced vehicle control systems, as well as other practices to improve visibility for both snowplow operators and vehicles. The chapter concludes that the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices does not specify what color or kind of warning lights to use. Thus, a wide variety of lights are being used on maintenance vehicles. The study of the relevant literatures also suggests that there are no clear guidelines for moving work zones at this time. Two types of surveys were conducted to determine current practices to improve visibility and safety in moving work zones across the country and in the state of Iowa. In the first survey of state departments of transportation, most indicated using amber warning lights on their maintenance vehicles. Almost all the responding states indicated using some form of reflective material on their vehicles to make them more visible. Most participating states indicated that the color of their vehicles is orange. Most states indicated using more warning lights on snow removal vehicles than their other maintenance vehicles. All responding state agencies indicated using shadow vehicles and/or truck-mounted attenuators during their moving operations. In the second survey of Iowa counties, most indicated using very similar traffic control and warning devices during their granular road maintenance and snow removal operations. Mounting warning signs and rotating or strobe lights on the rear of maintenance vehicles is common for Iowa counties. The most common warning devices used during the counties snow removal operations are reflective tapes, warning flags, strobe lights, and auxiliary headlamps.
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El Grup de Visi per Computador i Robtica (VICOROB) del departament d'Electrnica, Informtica i Automtica de la Universitat de Girona investiga en el camp de la robtica submarina. Al CIRS (Centre dInvestigaci en Robtica Submarina), laboratori que forma part del grup VICOROB, el robot submar Ictineu s la principal eina utilitzada per a desenvolupar els projectes de recerca. Recentment, el CIRS ha adquirit un nou sistema de sensors d' orientaci basat en una unitat inercial i un giroscopi de fibra ptica. Aquest projecte pretn realitzar un estudi d' aquests dispositius i integrar-los al robot Ictineu. D' altra banda, aprofitant les caracterstiques daquests sensors giroscopics i les mesures d' un sonar ja integrat al robot, es vol desenvolupar un sistema de localitzaci capa de determinar la posici del robot en el pla horitzontal de la piscina en temps real
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Lobjectiu principal daquest projecte consisteix en realitzar lestudi, l' anlisi, el disseny, i el desenvolupament duna aplicaci que millori i faciliti la tasca dun empleat que treballi fora de lempresa. Es fa una anlisi dels requeriments de laplicaci, es fa el model danlisi i tot seguit el model de disseny, i simplementar mitjanant les eines que utilitza la nostra empresa o les que millor sadaptin a ella. Sanalitza tamb el tipus i el volum dinformaci que haur de manejar. Durant el procs de cada una de les etapes de desenvolupament saniran realitzant les corresponents proves per, finalment, realitzar una posada en marxa sobre un empleat a mode de proves en un entorn real. Degut a la necessitat de mobilitat dels comercials sutilitzen dispositius PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) per al desenvolupament de laplicaci que els permetr realitzar les seves tasques. En canvi, laplicaci corporativa de gesti de lempresa est situada en un servidor Windows, i per centralitzar i gestionar la informaci de les PDA sutilitzar una aplicaci sota el sistema Windows. Laplicaci shaur de confeccionar en funci de les dades que es vulgui que el comercial pugui consultar sobre un client, obra, ... Per millorar-ne la seva funcionalitat, es permetr lopci de multi-llenguatge. Laplicaci de la PDA tindr a grans trets les segents funcionalitats: gesti de clients, gesti de contactes, consultar gestions comercials, consultar obres dels clients, consultar el planning i lestat dels muntadors. Altres processos que haur de permetre laplicaci son: la configuraci i installaci de laplicaci en els dispositius PDA i la crrega i el trasps de les dades entre laplicaci del PDA i laplicaci corporativa de lempresa
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JCM s una empresa dedicada al disseny de sistemes de control daccs. Disposa duns equips elctrics amb molts parmetres configurables, aix es poden utilitzar en molts tipus dinstallaci. Aquets parmetres sn configurables pels clients. JCM, disposa dun servei datenci telefnica (SAT), que intenta donar solucions a tots els problemes que puguin sorgir als clients. Sovint, no poden donar suport als dubtes dels clients per culpa de la poca informaci que reben a travs del client. L'objectiu del projecte s resoldre el problema de falta d'informaci i mala comunicaci per millorar la qualitat del servei que ofereix el SAT. La soluci, no ha dalterar el cost de producci del producte. Sha de tenir en compte tamb que els equips poden estar installats en qualsevol part del mn i que noms es poden utilitzar recursos de fcil accs per tots els clients. Per complir amb aquests objectius, emetrem un missatge, a travs del brunzidor del equip, amb la informaci de configuraci de l'equip. Aquest missatge viatjar a travs de la xarxa telefnica fins al SAT. Un cop all, el descodificarem i n'enviarem les dades a un PC perqu pugui presentar les dades sobre la configuraci de una forma clara pel SAT.
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Resum Lany 1969 es van comenar a comercialitzar els sistemes digitals programables coneguts com autmats programables o PLCs, utilitzats per controlar qualsevol tipus de procs industrial. Al llarg de tots aquests anys, aquests sistemes i tota la tecnologia en general han evolucionat molt, i noms s qesti de temps que la tecnologia que utilitzem avui en dia quedi obsoleta i substituda per una de millors caracterstiques i amb ms avantatges. Aquest s el motiu de lelaboraci daquest treball, que com a objectiu pretn modernitzar un procs de fabricaci duna industria qumica que ha quedat molt limitat a causa de lantiguitat de la installaci. Per dur a terme aquesta modernitzaci, sintrodueixen sistemes de control amb majors prestacions, sutilitzen xarxes de comunicacions per facilitar el muntatge elctric de la installaci i un sistema de supervisi i adquisici de dades per poder obtenir un control ms estricte del procs de fabricaci i de tots els factors que intervenen. El funcionament del procs de fabricaci s que a partir dunes matries primeres lquides emmagatzemades en dipsits, es dosifiquin aquestes matries en lordre i la quantitat desitjada dins un o diversos recipients per barrejar-les i aplicar els tractaments que siguin necessaris. Tot aquest procs est controlat per un autmat programable, i disposa de diferents terminals operadors per poder interactuar amb el sistema. Tamb t implementat un sistema SCADA en diversos ordinadors per aportar una visi general de la planta en temps real, un registre de dades dels parmetres que es controlen i alhora serveix per enllaar amb la xarxa dordinadors existent. Com annex daquest treball, es presenten els esquemes elctrics i el programa de lautmat programable per veure totes les caracterstiques elctriques dels dispositius i el mtode de funcionament del procs. Sha aconseguit donar un salt tecnolgic i poder gaudir de tots els avantatges que ofereixen les noves tecnologies, que com a resultat sha optimitzat i millorat el procs de fabricaci. De totes les conclusions, la ms destacada s la dhaver dissenyat un sistema de control basat en una estructura descentralitzada molt flexible, que es pot expandir i adaptar fcilment als possibles canvis.
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My News, un servicio de informacin de prensa desarrollado en Espaa que ofrece el texto completo de diversas publicaciones, en especial de medios de prensa escrita de mbito nacional, presenta un interfaz renovado con nuevas funcionalidades. Se describen sus orgenes, evolucin y caractersticas actuales y se analizan las nuevas prestaciones de bsqueda en su hemeroteca y de seguimiento de prensa y creacin de alertas.
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This article presents an experimental study about the classification ability of several classifiers for multi-classclassification of cannabis seedlings. As the cultivation of drug type cannabis is forbidden in Switzerland lawenforcement authorities regularly ask forensic laboratories to determinate the chemotype of a seized cannabisplant and then to conclude if the plantation is legal or not. This classification is mainly performed when theplant is mature as required by the EU official protocol and then the classification of cannabis seedlings is a timeconsuming and costly procedure. A previous study made by the authors has investigated this problematic [1]and showed that it is possible to differentiate between drug type (illegal) and fibre type (legal) cannabis at anearly stage of growth using gas chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based on therelative proportions of eight major leaf compounds. The aims of the present work are on one hand to continueformer work and to optimize the methodology for the discrimination of drug- and fibre type cannabisdeveloped in the previous study and on the other hand to investigate the possibility to predict illegal cannabisvarieties. Seven classifiers for differentiating between cannabis seedlings are evaluated in this paper, namelyLinear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Nearest NeighbourClassification (NNC), Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), Radial Basis Function Support Vector Machines(RBF SVMs), Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The performance of each method wasassessed using the same analytical dataset that consists of 861 samples split into drug- and fibre type cannabiswith drug type cannabis being made up of 12 varieties (i.e. 12 classes). The results show that linear classifiersare not able to manage the distribution of classes in which some overlap areas exist for both classificationproblems. Unlike linear classifiers, NNC and RBF SVMs best differentiate cannabis samples both for 2-class and12-class classifications with average classification results up to 99% and 98%, respectively. Furthermore, RBFSVMs correctly classified into drug type cannabis the independent validation set, which consists of cannabisplants coming from police seizures. In forensic case work this study shows that the discrimination betweencannabis samples at an early stage of growth is possible with fairly high classification performance fordiscriminating between cannabis chemotypes or between drug type cannabis varieties.
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This document presents the results of a state-of-practice survey of transportation agencies that are installing intelligent transportation sensors (ITS) and other devices along with their environmental sensing stations (ESS) also referred to as roadway weather information system (RWIS) assets.
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The motivation for this research initiated from the abrupt rise and fall of minicomputers which were initially used both for industrial automation and business applications due to their significantly lower cost than their predecessors, the mainframes. Later industrial automation developed its own vertically integrated hardware and software to address the application needs of uninterrupted operations, real-time control and resilience to harsh environmental conditions. This has led to the creation of an independent industry, namely industrial automation used in PLC, DCS, SCADA and robot control systems. This industry employs today over 200'000 people in a profitable slow clockspeed context in contrast to the two mainstream computing industries of information technology (IT) focused on business applications and telecommunications focused on communications networks and hand-held devices. Already in 1990s it was foreseen that IT and communication would merge into one Information and communication industry (ICT). The fundamental question of the thesis is: Could industrial automation leverage a common technology platform with the newly formed ICT industry? Computer systems dominated by complex instruction set computers (CISC) were challenged during 1990s with higher performance reduced instruction set computers (RISC). RISC started to evolve parallel to the constant advancement of Moore's law. These developments created the high performance and low energy consumption System-on-Chip architecture (SoC). Unlike to the CISC processors RISC processor architecture is a separate industry from the RISC chip manufacturing industry. It also has several hardware independent software platforms consisting of integrated operating system, development environment, user interface and application market which enables customers to have more choices due to hardware independent real time capable software applications. An architecture disruption merged and the smartphone and tablet market were formed with new rules and new key players in the ICT industry. Today there are more RISC computer systems running Linux (or other Unix variants) than any other computer system. The astonishing rise of SoC based technologies and related software platforms in smartphones created in unit terms the largest installed base ever seen in the history of computers and is now being further extended by tablets. An underlying additional element of this transition is the increasing role of open source technologies both in software and hardware. This has driven the microprocessor based personal computer industry with few dominating closed operating system platforms into a steep decline. A significant factor in this process has been the separation of processor architecture and processor chip production and operating systems and application development platforms merger into integrated software platforms with proprietary application markets. Furthermore the pay-by-click marketing has changed the way applications development is compensated: Three essays on major trends in a slow clockspeed industry: The case of industrial automation 2014 freeware, ad based or licensed - all at a lower price and used by a wider customer base than ever before. Moreover, the concept of software maintenance contract is very remote in the app world. However, as a slow clockspeed industry, industrial automation has remained intact during the disruptions based on SoC and related software platforms in the ICT industries. Industrial automation incumbents continue to supply systems based on vertically integrated systems consisting of proprietary software and proprietary mainly microprocessor based hardware. They enjoy admirable profitability levels on a very narrow customer base due to strong technology-enabled customer lock-in and customers' high risk leverage as their production is dependent on fault-free operation of the industrial automation systems. When will this balance of power be disrupted? The thesis suggests how industrial automation could join the mainstream ICT industry and create an information, communication and automation (ICAT) industry. Lately the Internet of Things (loT) and weightless networks, a new standard leveraging frequency channels earlier occupied by TV broadcasting, have gradually started to change the rigid world of Machine to Machine (M2M) interaction. It is foreseeable that enough momentum will be created that the industrial automation market will in due course face an architecture disruption empowered by these new trends. This thesis examines the current state of industrial automation subject to the competition between the incumbents firstly through a research on cost competitiveness efforts in captive outsourcing of engineering, research and development and secondly researching process re- engineering in the case of complex system global software support. Thirdly we investigate the industry actors', namely customers, incumbents and newcomers, views on the future direction of industrial automation and conclude with our assessments of the possible routes industrial automation could advance taking into account the looming rise of the Internet of Things (loT) and weightless networks. Industrial automation is an industry dominated by a handful of global players each of them focusing on maintaining their own proprietary solutions. The rise of de facto standards like IBM PC, Unix and Linux and SoC leveraged by IBM, Compaq, Dell, HP, ARM, Apple, Google, Samsung and others have created new markets of personal computers, smartphone and tablets and will eventually also impact industrial automation through game changing commoditization and related control point and business model changes. This trend will inevitably continue, but the transition to a commoditized industrial automation will not happen in the near future.
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Commercially available instruments for road-side data collection take highly limited measurements, require extensive manual input, or are too expensive for widespread use. However, inexpensive computer vision techniques for digital video analysis can be applied to automate the monitoring of driver, vehicle, and pedestrian behaviors. These techniques can measure safety-related variables that cannot be easily measured using existing sensors. The use of these techniques will lead to an improved understanding of the decisions made by drivers at intersections. These automated techniques allow the collection of large amounts of safety-related data in a relatively short amount of time. There is a need to develop an easily deployable system to utilize these new techniques. This project implemented and tested a digital video analysis system for use at intersections. A prototype video recording system was developed for field deployment. A computer interface was implemented and served to simplify and automate the data analysis and the data review process. Driver behavior was measured at urban and rural non-signalized intersections. Recorded digital video was analyzed and used to test the system.
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A table showing a comparison and classification of tools (intelligent tutoring systems) for e-learning of Logic at a college level.
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The primary goal of the Hewitt Creek watershed council is to have Hewitt-Hickory Creek removed from the Iowa impaired waters (303d) list. Hewitt Creek watershed, a livestock dense 23,005 acre sub-watershed of the Maquoketa River Basin, is 91.2% agricultural and 7.5% woodland. Since 2005, sixty-seven percent of 84 watershed farm operations participated in an organized watershed improvement effort using a performance based watershed management approach, reducing annual sediment delivery to the stream by 4,000 tons. Watershed residents realize that water quality improvement efforts require a long-term commitment in order to meet their watershed improvement goals and seek funding for an additional five years to continue their successful watershed improvement project. Cooperators will be provided incentives for improved environmental performance, along with incentives and technical support to address feedlot runoff issues and sub-surface nitrate-nitrogen loss. The Phosphorus Index, Soil Conditioning Index and cornstalk nitrate test will be used by producers as measures of performance to refine nutrient and soil loss management and to determine effective alternatives to reduce nutrient and sediment delivery. Twenty-five livestock operations will improve feedlot runoff control systems and five sub-surface bioreactors will be installed to reduce nitrate delivery from priority tile-drained fields. The Hewitt Creek council will seek additional cost-share funding for high-cost feedlot runoff control structures, sediment control basins and stream bank stabilization projects.
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The Federal Highway Administration estimates that red light running causes more than 100,000 crashes and 1,000 fatalities annually and results in an estimated economic loss of over $14 billion per year in the United States. In Iowa alone, a statewide analysis of red light running crashes, using crash data from 2001 to 2006, indicates that an average of 1,682 red light running crashes occur at signalized intersections every year. As a result, red light running poses a significant safety issue for communities. Communities rarely have the resources to place additional law enforcement in the field to combat the problem and they are increasingly using automated red light running camera-enforcement systems at signalized intersections. In Iowa, three communities currently use camera enforcement since 2004. These communities include Davenport, Council Bluffs, and Clive. As communities across the United States attempt to address red light running, a number of communities have implemented red light running camera enforcement programs. This report examines the red light running programs in Iowa and summarizes results of analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of such cameras.
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Global positioning systems (GPS) offer a cost-effective and efficient method to input and update transportation data. The spatial location of objects provided by GPS is easily integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). The storage, manipulation, and analysis of spatial data are also relatively simple in a GIS. However, many data storage and reporting methods at transportation agencies rely on linear referencing methods (LRMs); consequently, GPS data must be able to link with linear referencing. Unfortunately, the two systems are fundamentally incompatible in the way data are collected, integrated, and manipulated. In order for the spatial data collected using GPS to be integrated into a linear referencing system or shared among LRMs, a number of issues need to be addressed. This report documents and evaluates several of those issues and offers recommendations. In order to evaluate the issues associated with integrating GPS data with a LRM, a pilot study was created. To perform the pilot study, point features, a linear datum, and a spatial representation of a LRM were created for six test roadway segments that were located within the boundaries of the pilot study conducted by the Iowa Department of Transportation linear referencing system project team. Various issues in integrating point features with a LRM or between LRMs are discussed and recommendations provided. The accuracy of the GPS is discussed, including issues such as point features mapping to the wrong segment. Another topic is the loss of spatial information that occurs when a three-dimensional or two-dimensional spatial point feature is converted to a one-dimensional representation on a LRM. Recommendations such as storing point features as spatial objects if necessary or preserving information such as coordinates and elevation are suggested. The lack of spatial accuracy characteristic of most cartography, on which LRM are often based, is another topic discussed. The associated issues include linear and horizontal offset error. The final topic discussed is some of the issues in transferring point feature data between LRMs.
