Compatibilidade entre produtos químicos e biológicos à base de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner no controle de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

O corpo entre concertos e consertos: um estudo sobre a dança tribal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reflexão sobre prevenção de acidentes à criança no âmbito doméstico

The aim was to reflect what action to prevent accidents used by caregivers / participants in the home. This is a prospecive cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Pediatric Inpatient Unit, Hospital of the Medical School of Botucatu – Unesp, during the months from May to August 2010.A questionnaire was used in the form of check list (Annex I) on measures to prevent accidents. The participant chose two alternatives taking into consideration the order of priority in the prevention of accidents. This study shows that for the age group from 29 days to 2 years, the companions chose these preventive measures for falls, burns, poisoning and drowning, “do not put near the windows mobile” (27.8%), “no access the match, lighter and appliances (22.2%), leave toxic substances out of reach and sight of children (41.7%) and empty buckets, tubs and pools after use (27.8% ). Regarding the age group 2-6 years, the measures for these types of accidents were not put near the windows mobile (26.5%), do not have access to matches, lighters and household appliances (20.9% ), leave toxic products out of reach and sight of children (27.9%) and maintain tanks, tanks and wells or struck with some protection (20.2%). For ages 6 to 10 years, the measures chosen to more such accidents were dry liquid spilled on the ground (23.5%), do not have access to matches, lighters and household appliances (22.5% ), leave toxic products out of reach and sight of children (31%) and keep tanks, tanks and wells or struck with some protection (23.5%). One fact that attracted our attention was that the preventive measures most frequently used by caregivers, regardless of age, show results that differ in few alternatives. It is essential to the understanding of the escorts / participants on the importance of injury prevention. Even today is predominantly defined as accident, injury must be addressed through measures

Avaliação dos efeitos dos inseticidas malation e fipronil sobre a viabilidade e regeneração de girardia tigrina (Platyhelminthe, tricladida)

In this study were carried out toxicity tests and the evaluation of sub lethal effects of the insecticides malathion and fipronil, over the test system of Girardia tigrina, using for these analyses a great variety of methods. For evaluation of the lethal concentrations of the products, adult planarians were exposed to several different concentrations. All the tests were carried out in duplicate, maintained on the shelter of the light, on a temperature 24-26ºC and they had the duration of 96h, with observations at each 24h. The results were statically valued by the tests U of Mann- Whitney, Spearman-Karber, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The effects over the system-test, in the different tested concentrations, varied in accordance with the time of exposition. The EC50 given by the test of Spearman-Karber was of 12,5mg/L for malathion and 13,4mg/L for fipronil. The evaluation of sub lethal effects was composed by analyses of the potential of regeneration; histological, for tissue damage evaluation; d; and the “comet assay”, for DNA damage detection. The specimens split up and exposed to the insecticides demonstrated, between other effects, retardation in development of the regenerative blastema. The histological evaluation has shown that exposed planarians to lower concentrations of the insecticides cause more significant damage against the tissues and some specific cell types. Through the comet assay, significant damages were noticed in the DNA in all the treatments, when compared with the control group. Such damages may result in reproduction and immunity alterations, which reduce the competitive efficiency and, consequently, the survival chances of these organisms.

Boca a boca on-line: um estudo sobre a Gestão da Comunicação na Internet

Researchs about consumer behavior show influences coming from a lot of fonts. Among them culture, social class, personal influence, family and consumer situation. Personal influence it’s the font object of this research. Personal influence can define what a consumer will buy or will not buy, especially with closer friends. Normally people got the information and transmit to him group, him family, making some difference in the opinion of this people. Ten years ago we were i………..by a dozen of friends. In these days, we have more facility to communicate and more facility to receiver information trough internet. Our personal influence extended from our closest friend to the world wide web group. That’s why company’s must to know what the consumer is speaking on internet

Estudo de repelência com diversos produtos de origem natural em operárias de Apis mellifera em semi-campo

Accidents involving insects of the Hymenoptera order occur very often with both human beings and domestic pets and, in Brazil, they include aggravated cases with Africanized bees (Apis mellifera). The aggravation of deforestation and the lack of awareness regarding the subject are factors that contribute to the rise of the number of bees in the urban environment. This fact has been causing several derangements among the population because, once these insects are bothered, they become very aggressive. Considering the risks to population and the great amount of accidents that could be avoided, the development of researches with the goal of determining repelling substances is rather important. Therefore, this research evaluated the repelling action of essential natural oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus oficinalis), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), cedar (Juniperus virginiana), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and mint (Mentha piperita) on A. mellifera Africanized worker bees in both semi-field and aggressiveness tests. Among the evaluated composites, the lemongrass, mint and clove essential natural oils presented a grater repelling effect, inhibiting the bees’ visitation to the managed feeders almost completely. The cedar essential natural oil was the least effective composite, and the rest of the tested oils presented satisfactory repellency, which became less effective over time, according to non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. However, further tests showed that only the lemongrass essential natural oil caused a less aggressive response from the bees, which can confirm the repelling power of this composite. This way, according to the results obtained through this research, lemongrass presents a greater potential to the development of effective repelling formulas against Africanized bees (Apis mellifera)

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Coffea arabica sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight, has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to call health promotion has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. This work aims to develop and standardize models of biological assays in stress and obesity, also aims to evaluate the effect of oil green beans of Coffea arabica in the regulation of body weight and energy balance in mice. To this end, trials were made in vivo studies of this product and their effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extracts orally. After 21 days the animals were killed to evaluate the effects of these products on daily feed intake and on body weight. The group treated with the oil of Coffea arabica L. showed significant weight loss and feed intake high. According to the results, we conclude that the standardized extract of Coffea arabica L. decreased body weight without restriction or decrease the amount of food ingested

Atividade in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico da casca de Astronium fraxinifolium (Anacardiaceae) sobre trofozoítos de Giardia duodenalis

As investigações conduzidas para avaliar novas substâncias para o tratamento da giardíase justificam-se pelo fato dos medicamentos convencionais apresentarem inconvenientes relacionados à toxicidade, à resistência e aos custos. Diante disso, a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas tem despertado grande interesse, principalmente, entre os extratos de plantas, produtos complexos com diferentes atividades biológicas e farmacológicas. Considerando que nas infecções por Giardia, a diarréia é um dos principais sintomas, tem sido crescente o interesse em se investigar o efeito de extratos de plantas com atividade antidiarréica. Com isso, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar in vitro o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico da casca da planta Astronium fraxinifolium, espécie típica do Cerrado brasileiro e empregada na medicina popular no tratamento contra inflamações, diarréias e úlceras gástricas. Para este fim, avaliou-se a atividade sobre o crescimento e aderência de trofozoítos de cepa autóctone de Giardia duodenalis isolada e axenizada em Botucatu, São Paulo. Em todos os ensaios, 105 trofozoítos da cepa BTU-11 foram inoculados em tubos contendo 4,5ml de meio TYI-S-33 e 100μl do extrato nas concentrações de 125; 250; 375 e 500 μg/ml. Para avaliar a atividade sobre o crescimento, os parasitas foram incubados com o extrato durante 24, 48 e 72 horas a 37°C. Nos experimentos que verificaram o efeito sobre a aderência, somente os parasitas aderidos às paredes dos tubos foram incubados com o extrato, durante 24 e 48 horas a 37°C. Em cada ensaio, os trofozoítos recuperados foram contados em câmara de Neubauer e a atividade sobre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Avaliação da adição da Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 e Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 sobre a microbiota intestinal em Simulador do Ecossistema Microbiano Humano (SEMH)

Os micro-organismos probióticos são utilizados em vários produtos alimentícios ou em suplementos alimentares. Simuladores intestinais representam uma opção de realização de estudos com a microbiota intestinal. O simulador do ecossistema microbiano humano (SEMH) consiste em uma sucessão de cinco reatores conectados que representam as diferentes partes do trato gastrointestinal humano com seus respectivos valores de pH, tempo de residência e capacidade volumétrica. O SEMH foi utilizado para estudar o efeito do Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 e do Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 sobre a microbiota intestinal nativa. Inicialmente, o inóculo preparado com fezes humanas foi introduzido nos três reatores, responsáveis por simular o cólon ascendente, transverso e descendente. Após duas semanas de estabilização foi adicionado, diariamente, durante quatro semanas, E. faecium CRL 183 e L. acidophilus CRL 1014 contendo 108 UFC/mL nos três compartimentos que simulam o cólon ascendente, transverso e descendente. Após as quatro semanas de tratamento o sistema permaneceu durante duas semanas sem adição de probióticos. Durante todo o experimento, foi realizado semanalmente a composição da microbiota intestinal baseada na enumeração de bactérias aeróbias e anaeróbias totais, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterobactérias e Clostridium spp. Semanalmente, também, foram realizadas análises de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (acetato, butirato e propionato) e amônia. Através da análise microbiológica observou-se alterações significativas na composição da microbiota do SEMH no decorrer do período do experimento. Alterações significativas também foram observadas na concentração de amônia e de AGCC, podendo assim observar a influência da inoculação de probióticos na microbiota nativa e os metabólitos produzidos por ela

Considerações gerais sobre os resíduos eletrônicos

As new technologies improve, people’s lives gain in comfort and accessibility. However, along with these technologies comes a growth in “soon to fall into disuse” product consume, either because they have reached the end of their life cycle, or because they were substituted by newer and more advanced models. These electronic wastes are still with no certain destination, and could be donated to welfare companies, but the majority is thrown in wide open dumping grounds or landfills, where they can contaminate water and soil with their toxic components. This work seeks to evaluate the e-waste concept, their impacts in the environment and human life, as well as the current national and international e-waste management and destination, finally reflecting on international decisions that would be appropriate for the Brazilian system.

Implementação de centros de informação sobre medicamentos no Brasil: importância e desafios

Ante a modernidade, a informação está em toda parte, tornando-se grande o desafio de separar as informações atualizadas das ultrapassadas, as confiáveis das questionáveis e as reais das imaginadas. Em relação aos medicamentos, a despeito dos inegáveis avanços terapêuticos, os produtos farmacêuticos passaram a sofrer uso indiscriminado e irracional. Não se pode negar, que o uso racional de medicamentos implica o conhecimento específico e atualizado sobre os mesmos, como também de profissionais envolvidos e compreensão dos pacientes sobre a importância do tratamento. Na expectativa de se contribuir para dirimir as frequentes dúvidas em relação aos medicamentos, reduzir as ocorrências do surgimento de doenças iatrogênicas e esclarecer ao usuário, conseguindo-se a consciência sobre os riscos da automedicação é que entram em cena os Centros de Informação sobre Medicamentos. Estes são locais, onde se acumulam, organizam, processam, avaliam e se informa sobre medicamentos, com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde. No Brasil, após cerca de 30 anos de experiência em Kentucky, EUA, alguns profissionais e acadêmicos atentaram-se à necessidade e importância da existência de tais Centros. Ante ao exposto, a partir de uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, no presente trabalho foram relatadas a importância, necessidade e desafios para se implementar um Centro de Informação sobre Medicamentos

Toxicidade de petróleo bruto sobre microcrustáceo Daphnia similis em água de rio e água de produção de petróleo

Aquatic ecosystems are suffering many impacts caused by human activities resulting from the activities occurring around them. With technological progress observed in recent years, this environment has received large amounts of chemicals from industries, agriculture and urban area that affect the aquatic biota. Among these sources of contamination, the oil industry has contributed to the pollution of aquatic environments with both effluents as produced water well as oil spills and their derivatives having toxicity to various organisms. With all the environmental issues has increased concern about water quality and has been used ecotoxicological tests with aquatic organisms to ecosystems to assess the toxicity of chemicals present in the water. In this context the microcrustacea Daphnia similis stands out as a freshwater organism very representative of the aquatic fauna of rivers and high sensitivity to environmental impacts. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the lethal toxicity of crude oil and produced water on this microcrustacea. The results showed that the microcrustacea presented high sensitivity to contaminants primarily crude oil. There was also the influence of environmental variables pH and temperature on the survival of organisms

Análise sobre o comércio entre Brasil e União Européia e as barreiras não tarifárias que o afetam

É notável a importância da União Europeia para o setor exportador brasileiro, principalmente no caso da exportação de carne bovina. Conduto, este comércio bilateral encontra entraves para seu desenvolvimento causados principalmente pela União Europeia, tais como barreiras não tarifárias (barreiras técnicas, sanitárias, fitossanitárias etc) além de exigências acerca de produtos exportados para o mercado europeu por países terceiros, como, por exemplo, medidas de rastreabilidade, certificação, rotulagem e conformidade com regras europeias. Este estudo visa analisar este comércio bilateral, os obstáculos existentes e como o Brasil lida com esta situação

Rotulagem ambiental e sua incidência sobre as exportações brasileiras à União Européia

The study aims at analyzing the potential impacts of environmental labeling programs, emphasizing the European Community program on Brazilian exports to the EU. For this, we traced the historical growth of bilateral relations between the EU and Brazil, which shows a strategic partnership, and then it was listed trade barriers (tariff and nontariff) imposed by these two markets to the international trade relations. Later, the emergence of environmental seals was discussed, as well as their potential barriers to trade. Finally, selected products were analyzed in order to know the potential effects of environmental labeling on products exported by Brazil

Avaliação dos efeitos do cogumelo do sol (Agaricus blazei) sobre o colesterol plasmático em coelhos com hipercolesterolemia induzida

Prophylactic or therapeutic treatments administered with medicinal plants and natural products are used in popular medicine of diverse people since prehistoric times to the present days. Species with medicinal properties are increasingly studied in an attempt to understand their possible effects on organisms and their functioning. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the mushroom Agaricus blazei (aqueous extract) in rabbits subjected to experimental hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided into two groups (control and treated with the mushroom) whose experimental protocol was divided into three phases: Phase 1, the animals were fed a normal diet to evaluate the physiological level of cholesterol; phase 2, the animals were fed a supplemented diet to induce hypercholesterolemia and in phase 3, the animals of control group continued to take high-cholesterol diet and the animals of treated group high-cholesterol diet including treatment with the mushroom. Weekly, after fasting of 14 hours, blood samples were collected from the animals and its plasma was stored for later measurement of plasmatic cholesterol. In the first phase, the cholesterol level was, on average, 31,30  7,34 mgdL-1. In the second phase, there was a significant increase (p<0,05) in cholesterol level of both groups. During the last phase of the experiment, the mushrooms didn’t cause reduction in plasmatic cholesterol of treated rabbits, however, prevent disease progression, maintaining the cholesterol level established at the beginning of treatment, whereas, in the control group, total serum cholesterol increased significantly at this stage