897 resultados para Hair.
Resumo:
Anthrax outbreaks in the United States and Europe and its potential use as a bioweapon have made Bacillus anthracis an interest of study. Anthrax infections are caused by the entry of B. anthracis spores into the host via the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, cuts or wounds in the skin, and injection. Among these four forms, inhalational anthrax has the highest lethality rate and persistence of spores in the lungs of animals following pulmonary exposure has been noted for decades. However, details or mechanisms of spore persistence were not known. In this study, we investigated spore persistence in a mouse model. The results suggest that B. anthracis spores have special properties that promote persistence in the lung, and that there may be multiple mechanisms contributing to spore persistence. Moreover, recent discoveries from our laboratory suggest that spores evolved a sophisticated mechanism to interact with the host complement system. The complement system is a crucial part of the host defense mechanism against foreign microorganisms. Knowledge of the specific interactions that occur between the complement system and B. anthracis was limited. Studies performed in our laboratory have suggested that spores of B. anthracis can target specific proteins, such as Factor H (fH) of the complement system. Spores of B. anthracis are enclosed by an exosporium, which consists of a basal layer surrounded by a nap of hair-like filaments. The major structural component of the filaments is called Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis (BclA), which comprises a central collagen-like region and a globular C-terminal domain. BclA is the first point of contact with the innate system of an infected host. In this study, we investigated the molecular details of BclA-fH interaction with respect to the specific binding mechanism and the functional significance of this interaction in a murine model of anthrax infection. We hypothesized that the recruitment of fH to the spore surface by BclA limits the extent of complement activation and promotes pathogen survival and persistence in the infected host. Findings from this study are significant to understanding how to treat post-exposure prophylaxis and improve our knowledge of spores with the host immune system.
Resumo:
La mayor parte de los estudios sobre la mutación vocal se ha focalizado sobre las variaciones de la frecuencia fundamental del habla en relación con la edad, el peso, la altura, el vello axilar y pubiano y el nivel de testosterona en sangre. Los maestros de canto y los vocólogos que trabajan con voces infantiles, ya sean cantadas o habladas, deberían conocer profundamente las características de la mutación vocal. Con esa finalidad, llevamos a cabo un estudio de seguimiento longitudinal de 18 niños (9 cantores y 9 no cantores) durante 18 meses. Efectuamos,además, un estudio transversal por rangos de edad a 98 niños y jóvenes. Todos los sujetos fueron examinados a través de un examen perceptual y de un examen acústico luego de un examen ORL normal. Los resultados muestran que las roturas de registro desde el falsete al modal, a través de la producción de un glissando descendente, son el signo más importante de mutación desde un punto de vista perceptual. Estas roturas son independientes del entrenamiento vocal y ocurren tanto en cantores como en no cantores de la misma manera. Las roturas de registro determinan otra serie de características como el estrechamiento del rango fonacional, las roturas de voz y el descenso excesivo de la frecuencia fundamental del habla. Las roturas de registro producidas a través de un glissando descendente son muy llamativas durante el período crítico de mutación. No aparecen en las voces infantiles ni en las voces adultas saludables, sean estas voces con o sin entrenamiento. La mutación vocal de los niños varones atraviesa los siguientes estadíos: período pre-mutacional, comienzos de mutación, período crítico y período fi nal; cada estadio evidencia sus características distintivas tanto desde el punto de vista perceptual como acústico.
Resumo:
La fascitis eosinofílica, se caracteriza por cambios cutáneos símil- esclerodermia y eosinofília periférica. Describimos un paciente de 54 años, de sexo masculino con diagnóstico de fascitis eosinofílica y seguimiento de 44 meses. Presentaba tumefacción, engrosamiento de la piel de antebrazos, piernas y flancos de abdomen, signo del surco y pérdida del pelo de antebrazos y piernas. El paciente fue tratado con glucocorticoides e hidroxicloroquina con evolución favorable. Concomitante a la remisión de los signos cutáneos observamos una hipertricosis de las zonas previamente afectadas. Comunicamos esta observación inusual en fascitis eosinofílica, secundaria a la mejoría del proceso inflamatorio cutáneo.
Resumo:
En el siguiente ensayo se pretende observar un simbolismo de masculinidad que los espartanos habrían concentrado en la forma de su cabello, más específicamente, en su cabellera larga. No obstante, dicho intento no está exento de problemáticas. Por un lado están las fuentes: ninguna de ellas responde al contexto temporal en el cual se habría originado tal simbolismo -los tiempos de Licurgo-, sino más bien responden a un periodo Clásico y romano, y ni siquiera espartano; en ese sentido, las principales fuentes son Jenofonte y Plutarco, aumentando el nivel de representación. Por otro lado, se encuentra el propio concepto de masculinidad: sus reales posibilidades de aplicación en una sociedad tan alejada temporalmente, como lo es la Esparta arcaica, de su tiempo de creación y discusión, vale decir, nuestro presente
Resumo:
Phytoliths (siliceous plant microfossils) have been recovered from Cenozoic sediments (c. 34 to 17 Ma) in the CRP-2/2A and CRP-3 drillholes cored off Cape Roberts, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica. The phytolith assemblages are sparse, but well-preserved and dominated by spherical forms similar to those of modern trees or shrubs. Rare phytoliths comparable to modern grass forms are also present. However, due to the paucity of phytolith data, any interpretations made are necessarily tentative. The assemblages of CRP-2/2A and the upper c. 250 m of CRP-3 are interpreted as representing a predominantly woody vegetation, including Nothofagus and Libocedrus with local areas of grass in the more exposed locations. A cool climate is interpreted to have prevailed throughout both cores. However, beneath c. 250 metres below sea floor in CRP-3, the dominant woody vegetation is supplemented by pockets of Palmae, ?Proteaceae and 'warm' climate grasses. This association represents vegetation growth in sheltered, moist sites - possibly north-facing mid-slopes or the coastal fringe. It may also represent remnant vegetation that grew in moist, temperate conditions during the Middle to Late Eocene, previously interpreted from the Southern McMurdo Sound erratics and lower part of the CIROS-1 drillhole. The phytolith analysis compares well to the terrestrial palynomorph record from both cores and provides additional independent taxonomic and climatic interpretations.
Resumo:
En el siguiente ensayo se pretende observar un simbolismo de masculinidad que los espartanos habrían concentrado en la forma de su cabello, más específicamente, en su cabellera larga. No obstante, dicho intento no está exento de problemáticas. Por un lado están las fuentes: ninguna de ellas responde al contexto temporal en el cual se habría originado tal simbolismo -los tiempos de Licurgo-, sino más bien responden a un periodo Clásico y romano, y ni siquiera espartano; en ese sentido, las principales fuentes son Jenofonte y Plutarco, aumentando el nivel de representación. Por otro lado, se encuentra el propio concepto de masculinidad: sus reales posibilidades de aplicación en una sociedad tan alejada temporalmente, como lo es la Esparta arcaica, de su tiempo de creación y discusión, vale decir, nuestro presente
Resumo:
En el siguiente ensayo se pretende observar un simbolismo de masculinidad que los espartanos habrían concentrado en la forma de su cabello, más específicamente, en su cabellera larga. No obstante, dicho intento no está exento de problemáticas. Por un lado están las fuentes: ninguna de ellas responde al contexto temporal en el cual se habría originado tal simbolismo -los tiempos de Licurgo-, sino más bien responden a un periodo Clásico y romano, y ni siquiera espartano; en ese sentido, las principales fuentes son Jenofonte y Plutarco, aumentando el nivel de representación. Por otro lado, se encuentra el propio concepto de masculinidad: sus reales posibilidades de aplicación en una sociedad tan alejada temporalmente, como lo es la Esparta arcaica, de su tiempo de creación y discusión, vale decir, nuestro presente
Resumo:
Pollen analysis of samples taken from the core of the water well Fersina 2 (Adige Valley, Prov. Trento, NE Italy) did not reveal any indication of an interglacial or Holocene age of the uppermost 190 m in the sediment sequence deposited in the over-deepened Adige River Valley. The sediment sequence dates entirely from late-glacial times. Four radiocarbon ages of pieces of wood indicate that about 165 m of the upper part of the profile are of Younger Dryas age. The lower part of the sequence dates from the Allerød or Bølling/Allerød and a preceding cold phase, probably the Oldest Dryas. Accordingly the deposition of the sequence took about 2500 or 3500 years and was completed long before the onset of the Neolithic. Our results are in excellent agreement with findings in other formerly glaciated alpine valleys (e.g. the Traun, Salzach and Enns valleys in the Northern Alps). The final depth of the Fersina 2 well is 190 m. It is very likely that the sediment sequence found below this level in the nearby 423 m deep Fersina 1 well was also deposited after the deglaciation of the Adige Valley at the end of the last glacial period.
Resumo:
The high-altitude lake Tso Moriri (32°55'46'' N, 78°19'24'' E; 4522 m a.s.l.) is situated at the margin of the ISM and westerly influences in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. Human settlements are rare and domestic and wild animals are concentrating at the alpine meadows. A set of modern surface samples and fossil pollen from deep-water TMD core was evaluated with a focus on indicator types revealing human impact, grazing activities and lake system development during the last ca. 12 cal ka BP. Furthermore, the non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record, comprising remains of limnic algae and invertebrates as well as fungal spores and charred plant tissue fragments, were examined in order to attest palaeolimnic phases and human impact, respectively. Changes in the early and middle Holocene limnic environment are mainly influenced by regional climatic conditions and glacier-fed meltwater flow in the catchment area. The NPP record indicates low lake productivity with high influx of freshwater between ca. 11.5 and 4.5 cal ka BP which is in agreement with the regional monsoon dynamics and published climate reconstructions. Geomorphologic observations suggest that during this period of enhanced precipitation the lake had a regular outflow and contributed large amounts of water to the Sutlej River, the lower reaches of which were integral part of the Indus Civilization area. The inferred minimum fresh water input and maximum lake productivity between ca. 4.5-1.8 cal ka BP coincides with the reconstruction of greatest aridity and glaciation in the Korzong valley resulting in significantly reduced or even ceased outflow. We suggest that lowered lake levels and river discharge on a larger regional scale may have caused irrigation problems and harvest losses in the Indus valley and lowlands occupied by sedentary agricultural communities. This scenario, in turn, supports the theory that, Mature Harappan urbanism (ca. 4.5-3.9 cal ka BP) emerged in order to facilitate storage, protection, administration, and redistribution of crop yields and secondly, the eventual collapse of the Harappan Culture (ca. 3.5-3 cal ka BP) was promoted by prolonged aridity. There is no clear evidence for human impact around Tso Moriri prior to ca. 3.7 cal ka BP, with a more distinct record since ca. 2.7 cal ka BP. This suggests that the sedimentary record from Tso Moriri primarily archives the regional climate history.