Aplicação de um sistema de monitoramento remoto para auxiliar na manutenção preditiva e preventiva de componentes de uma subestação

The increase in energy consumption in the world has caused the electrical systems becoming ever larger and more complex. Because of that becomes necessary to use special tools to efficiently manage the equipment present in these systems. Nowadays a tool very used is the remote monitoring of assets which works collecting signals using sensors processing these signals and make them available to the system user. So the user can use informations that may assist him efficiently in making decisions when doing a maintenance. The system is technically efficient since it improves the measurement process and enables the asset management of a substation by using advanced technology for that and economically viable especially in cases where the user is subject to monetary loss due an interruption of power supply

Estudodo sistema eletrico emembarcações maritimascom propulsão diesel-eletrica

The globalization is each day more aggressive and demanding even more that new products be manufactured and therefore be delivered to many places in the globe. Thus, an efficient and vigorous transport system is demanded. There are many ways to transport a product, but one of the most used in the world is shipping. A marine vessel presents diversified structures of size and functions. In order to this system has more efficiency, alternatives should be used to obtain important energy savings. Usually, a vessel present a propulsion system purely mechanical, therefore the use of alternatives propulsions, like diesel-electric, is increasing. This graduation work has as main focus demonstrate the functioning of a diesel-electric propulsion system, since the main characteristics of each component of the system, likewise the analysis and electrical calculation, showing the advantages in relation to the conventional diesel propulsion system

Avaliação da auto-suficiência energética em reatores anaeróbios aplicados ao tratamento de resíduos da indústria de produção do etanol

Ethanol, the main automotive biofuel, has its production based on the fermentation of sugars found in biological materials and on the distillation of the alcoholic media formed during the fermentative process. Stillage is the main residue from ethanol production, containing a high organic loading in addition to acidic and corrosive characteristics. Considering the available technologies to treat stillage, we highlight anaerobic digestion, which allows the reduction of the impacts associated to pollutants loading of this effluent and the generation of energy from the methane gas produced in the process. Based on the high treatment efficiency usually associated to the anaerobic process, this work aimed to assess whether anaerobic systems applied to the treatment of stillage are energetically self-sufficient. First we evaluated the energy recovery capacity in an anaerobic reactor applied to the treatment of stillage resulting from corn-to-ethanol processing. The results indicated the great influence that a correct selection of electrical equipment and their respective operating periods have on the net energy balance of the anaerobic treatment. The high energy consumption of the heater would not allow the system to achieve a positive net energy balance – the maximum energy recovery would reach only 0.68% of the consumption. However, the replacement of the mixture equipment would result in energy gains ranging from 8.5 to 967.9% of the consumption. In this work we also assessed the efficiency of methane yields for a few studies and the correlation between some parameters of the anaerobic process. With respect to the methane yield, we noted that mesophilic systems tend to be more advantageous than the thermophilic ones (efficiency of 76.45 ± 22.51% vs. 69.40 ± 30.36%). Considering the study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise da viabilidade de motorização elétrica do soprador no ciclo regenerativo da unidade de craqueamento catalítico fluidizado em uma refinaria

One of the biggest environmental problems of today is the climate change. Experts affirm that this global warming is related to the greenhouse effect. Its causes are directly related to human activity, especially the use of fossil fuels. In this context, companies around the world are challenged to improve energy efficiency in order to reduce the environmental impact and work toward the so-called tripod of sustainable development that focuses on the social, economic and environmental aspects of a business strategy. The first step a company can make in this regard is to conduct an inventory of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The reduction of GHG emissions in a refinery can be achieved by replacing steam turbines with electric motors to drive big machines, this reduction is achieved by relieving the steam consumption for electric power available or purchased. An important aspect associated with the reduction of GHG emissions is the best performance of the Energy Intensity Index (ERI). The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the blower motorization in the regenerative cycle of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit at a specific refinery. For development work, two methods were used, the initial screening and optimization scenarios with the help of software Butyl. The results indicate that after a certain cost of natural gas this substitution becomes favorable. In addition, there is a large reduction of CO2 emissions avoided by burning fuel

Eletroquimioterapia em cães e gatos

The eletrochemotherapy is a new treatment option for neoplasms that involves the application of chemotherapeutic drugs endovenously or intralesionally, associated with local severe and short duration electrical pulses. The electrical pulses promote destabilization of the cell membrane, causing transitory pore formation and facilitating the entry of chemotherapeutic agents inside the cells, increasing its cytotoxicity. This therapy allows for lower doses of chemotherapy drugs compared to conventional chemotherapy, resulting in the decrease of side effects and costs of treatment. The eletrochemotherapy has proved effective in the treatment of cancer regardless of its histological origin and location. This review aims to highlight possibilities to use this treatment in Veterinary Oncology

Auditoria energética em caldeira de monóxido de carbono

Within the concepts of sustainability, energy audit magnified its importance in managing systems in industrial plants. Can reduce waste and save energy representative, the improvement and development of thermal and electrical systems can be very attractive to business. With the focus on a boiler generating steam, the energy audit aimed to increase efficiency and eliminate energy losses of the heat engine. The boiler in question is commonly called CO boiler because most of the calorific power provided comes from this. Using a fuel gas from the catalyst regeneration process, it has featured in the boiler power generation system of the refinery. Burning a mixture of gaseous components from discarded into the atmosphere, the heat engine can generate tons of steam just as the other boilers installed. The challenge was to work with this gas mixture and obtain maximum efficiency, reduce moisture and enjoy the warmth of the heat exchange have been studied and recommended. Every project, from evaluation of the variables in the composition of fuel gas, to the using of heat exchangers and refrigeration system are suitable for evaluation and improvements

Estudo da tecnologia de acesso Wi-Fie suas aplicações em ambientes indoor e outdoor

Wireless communications is a feature that has become indispensable for many people in the whole world. Through this feature, communication process can become much more efficient, allowing people to access information much more quickly wherever they are. The constant evolution of communication technologies allows the development of new unthinkable applications and services. This new range of possibilities brings greater mobility and efficiency for final users and also helps service providers and carriers to improve the quality of services offered by them. This study presents the principles of wireless communication and the Wi-Fi technology as well as its most modern applications, covering from the basics of computer networks to the procedures of planning a wireless network, concepts of radio frequency, antennas, patterns, regulatory agencies, network equipment, protocols and network monitoring

Estudo de melhorias dos painéis de baixa tensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá - UNESP

The protection and distribution systems for the electrics equipments are really important for the safety of products, process and final users, for an enterprise or even for a residence. For that, it’s necessary the utilization of low voltage switchboards for controlling the feeding of a charge, avoiding any kind of abnormality that can eventually occur. It’s necessary to pay attention in the cubicles conditions, and always verify if they are in accordance to the norms of the product, verifying also any kind of physical damage for the operator and/or users. In this line, the present graduation work analyses the low voltage switchboards in the college, checking if they are attending the actual standards, suggesting some improvements and later making a simulation of the creation of a new panel that reach all the needing in substitution of this actual, through the software Simaris. Using the research and lecture of norms and regulations for verifying the problems, this way we could register the greatest acting failures. These actions are made for becoming aware to the university about the danger in using electrics equipments without a minimum degree of protection, allowed by the law, and attempting to the urgency in changing this fails

Planejamento e organização das atividades de manutenção em instalações elétricas prediais e seus componentes

Are presented on this paper, concepts of corrective, preventive and predictive maintenances, following the prerequisites for planning and implementation of a maintenance plan. You also find the theoretical introduction of some measurement instruments accompanied by the necessary and recommended activities during routine maintenances of the electrical equipments in a building installation. Using case study, it is possible to assess a real maintenance plan applied to two occupied floors in a financial institution. The developing of a case study consolidates the effectiveness of the present concepts on this theoretical introduction and shows that the current maintenance plan can be improved in order to obtain better results on company productivity and reliability of equipments. As a conclusion, we can notice the importance of a solid maintenance plan and the need of including this theme on the graduation in Electrical Engineering

Comissionamento de turbinas hidráulicas: ensaios de faixa operativa, índex, test e rejeição de carga

With growing electricty demand, the importance of generation through hydropower, a renewable energy source, it’s of great importance. This demand derives from the country’s growth, as well as events that will occur in the coming years. The commission has a crucial role before the entry into operation of hydroelectric plant, sice, ensures a good operation of hydraulic and electrical systems, as well as the safety of the installation. This paper is a case study, commissioning in a PCH in especially the most important tests, such as range operation, índex tes and load rejection. In these trials we can get a Idea of the actual behavior of the unit, as well as future operation maneuvers, and evidence of real efficiency

Estudo para determinação da kVp em equipamentos de raios X convencional

The quality assurance control program (QACP) in clinical radiology is very important to acquire, image quality, patient dose reduction and cost for the institution. The verification of the real tension on the x ray tube, it is one of many parameters that may be determined on a QACP. This act on image quality as absorbed dose in patient. Once proved the importance of this fact, this study come up with the determination of tension to any X ray tube used on medical routine, on quick, safe and low cost manner. To reach the aim of this study, the methodology consisted on measuring expose rates (ER) using different thicknesses of copper (Cu) plates like filters and relating these results with Half Layer Value (HLV). Afterwards, the HLV was associated to real tension that was acquired with kilo voltage of peak (kVp) measurers used on clinical routine. So walking in this path, when performed the ER, on any X ray tube, it’s possible acquire the HLV and consequently the real kVp, considering measures obtained before, on the methodology of kVp estimative development

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes internados na unidade de tratamento de queimaduras do Hospital Estadual de Bauru

Burns are frequent accidents, and they are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in our society. In Brazil, statistical data on such lesions are relatively scarce, and they are concentrated in a few treatment centers. Data on such accidents allow for specific care to be timely and properly taken in order to provide patients with a better prognosis, in addition to enabling the development of prevention programs as well as fire-prevention safety laws. To characterize the epidemiological profile of users at the Burn Treatment Unit of Bauru State Hospital. Collection of epidemiological data through the e-pront system and from charts of burned inpatients from April 2005 to April 2010. During the studied period, 906 hospitalizations of burned patients occurred, with an annual average of 181.2 individuals. Their mean age was 28.4 years, with a predominance of males. The mean hospitalization period was of 27.6 days, with a median of 16 days and a maximum of 216 days; 14.7% developed to death, with the highest mortality rate in the first two weeks of hospitalization. Second-degree burns were the most frequent; 36.8% of the patients burned less than 10% of their body surface, and there was a gradual frequency reduction when a larger burned surface was taken into account; the greater the affected areas, the higher the number of deaths; 91% resulted from thermal agents, 6% from electric and 2% from chemical agents; scalding was the major cause among all agents, followed by alcohol associated with fire and direct flame. The major area affected areas were the upper limbs. The study shows the need for educational and preventive measures, particularly for the young adult population, by means of educational programs and prevention campaigns

Reconhecimento de voz para aplicações em automação implementado em FPGA

In many movies of scientific fiction, machines were capable of speaking with humans. However mankind is still far away of getting those types of machines, like the famous character C3PO of Star Wars. During the last six decades the automatic speech recognition systems have been the target of many studies. Throughout these years many technics were developed to be used in applications of both software and hardware. There are many types of automatic speech recognition system, among which the one used in this work were the isolated word and independent of the speaker system, using Hidden Markov Models as the recognition system. The goals of this work is to project and synthesize the first two steps of the speech recognition system, the steps are: the speech signal acquisition and the pre-processing of the signal. Both steps were developed in a reprogrammable component named FPGA, using the VHDL hardware description language, owing to the high performance of this component and the flexibility of the language. In this work it is presented all the theory of digital signal processing, as Fast Fourier Transforms and digital filters and also all the theory of speech recognition using Hidden Markov Models and LPC processor. It is also presented all the results obtained for each one of the blocks synthesized e verified in hardware

Desenvolvimento de software para exibição de exames de eletrocardiograma

The main objective is to create a software, using C++ language, for reading and exhibiting in a graphic an Electrocardiogram (ECG) wave. The data is recorded as a FM modulated signal and compressed using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM). The signal have this characteristics because it was acquired using an experimental equipment, this equipment is the result of research made by the professor who supervised this work. FM demodulation techniques in discrete time, discrete filters and digital signal processing are some of the topics that can be found in this essay. Some concepts about the human heart and about ECG waves are also briefly introduced. These concepts are necessary for understanding the final evaluation of the software performance. The development is partly made using MATLAB. Most of the functions that are used on the software are first tested and designed in MATLAB environment. In the end, an evaluation is done comparing the results that are expected with the ones that MATLAB presents and the ones that the developed software presents

Pesquisa-ação sobre o uso de indicadores de desempenho do equipamento em uma fábrica de geradores

In the industrial environment the challenge is use better the productive resources: people and machine. The following work has the main goal improve the efficient losses analysis in the stator bar’s production bottleneck equipment situated in the Electric generator’s factory. The action research involved Theory of Constraints on the restriction system identification and developed the data collection framework by losses typology for indicator measurement. The research showed the data collection standardization importance to obtain reliable data and strategic efficiency indicator to optimize equipments. Besides of this, OEE and TEEP indicator demonstrated efficiency results to analyze the actual efficiency when the machine works and the increase capacity opportunity to treat the hide costs in the organization following the continuous improvement