An��lisis comparativo de los procesos en el control operacional de la gesti��n ambiental basado en las 4R de Petrobras S.A en Brasil frente al enfoque de Petrobras S.A en Colombia

90 p.

Aplicabilidad del plan de sostenibilidad ambiental de la Empresa Volkswagen

108 p.

Caracteriza����o batim��trica e fisicooceanogr��fica do canal de acesso ao porto de Cabedelo/PB: uma an��lise ambiental ao derrame de ��leo

The State of Para��ba is one of the most dynamic states of Brazil, strategically located in the northeast, is notable for the excellent potential for integration of different transportation modes forming the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Alagoas. The dynamic that occurs with port activity causes changes in the space where it is installed. And the elements of this space are always more than suffering direct or indirect influences as the flow in the port is expanded. Therefore, this region became subject to the accidental spillage of oil, because it presents a heavy traffic of ships of various sizes that can run aground or collide with oil causing accidental events. The study of geomorphological and sedimentological compositions of seafloor becomes important as more is known about the relationships between these parameters and associated fauna, and can identify their preferred habitats. The database background, acoustically collected along the proposed study area, is a wealth of information, which were duly examined, cataloged and made available. Such information can serve as an important tool, providing a geomorphological survey of the sedimentary area studied, and come to subsidize, in a flexible, future decision making. With the study area Port of Cabedelo, Para��ba - Brazil, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of the tidal surface and background in modeling the seabed, including the acquisition of information about the location of submerged rocky bodies and the depth of these bodies may turn out to be natural traps for the trapping of oil in case of leaks, and obtain the relationship between types of bed and the hydrodynamic conditions present in the region. In this context, for this study were collected bathymetric data (depth) and physical oceanographic (height of water column, water temperature, intensity and direction of currents, waves and turbidity), meteorological (rainfall, air temperature, humidity, winds and barometric pressure) of the access channel to the Port of Cabedelo / PB and its basin evolution (where the cruise ships dock), and includes tools of remote sensing (Landsat 7 ETM +, 2001), so that images and the results are integrated into Geographic Information Systems and used in the elaboration of measures aimed at environmental protection areas under the influence of this scale facilities, serving as a grant to prepare a contingency plan in case of oil spills in the region. The main findings highlight the techniques of using hydroacoustic data acquisition together bathymetric surveys of high and low frequency. From there, five were prepared in bathymetric pattern of Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation - DHN, with the depth in meters, on a scale of 1:2500 (Channel and Basin Evolution of Access to Port of Cabedelo), where there is a large extent possible beachrocks that hinder the movement of vessels in the port area, which can cause collisions, running aground and leaking oil. From the scatter diagram of the vectors of currents, it can be seen as the tidal stream and undergoes a channeling effect caused by the bidirectional effect of the tide (ebb and flood) in the basin of the Port of Cabedelo evolution in NW-direction SE and the highest speed of the currents occurs at low tide. The characterization weather for the period from 28/02 to 04/07/2010 values was within the expected average for the region of study. The multidisciplinary integration of products (digital maps and remote sensing images), proved to be efficient for the characterization of underwater geomorphological study area, reaching the aim to discriminate and enhance submerged structures, previously not visible in the images

Design gr��fico da pluma de contamina����o por compostos org��nicos vol��teiss utilizando software CAD na investiga����o de passivo ambiental em um posto revendedor de combust��veis em Natal/RN

Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel

Propuesta ambiental con enfoque en la clasificaci��n de residuos s��lidos en la Liga de Ciclismo de Bogot��

53 p.

Avalia����o de desempenho para qualidade ambiental.

Para uma adequada gest��o ambiental, �� necess��ria uma criteriosa avalia����o do desempenho ambiental da propriedade agr��cola, o que pode ser feito com a aplica����o de procedimentos de Avalia����o de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), integrando-se as dimens��es sociais, econ��micas e ecol��gicas da sustentabilidade. A Embrapa tem dedicado importante esfor��o para o desenvolvimento, a valida����o e a utiliza����o de sistemas de Avalia����o de Impactos Ambientais (AIA), desde a escala de estabelecimentos rurais at�� a escala institucional.

Diversidade de macroalgas marinhas bent��nicas dos recifes de Maracaja��, ��rea de preserva����o ambiental dos recifes de corais, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Despite the importance of coral reefs to humanity, these environments have been threatened throughout the world. Several factors contribute to the degradation of these ecosystems. The Maracaja�� Reef Complex, in Rio Grande do Norte state is part of the Coral Reefs Environment Preservation Area in northeastern Brazil. This area has been receiving an increasing influx of tourism and the integrity of the local reefs is a matter of concern. In this study, the reef macroalgae communities were studied and compared within two areas distinguished by the presence or absence of tourism activities. Two sample sites were chosen: the first one, where diving activities are intense; and the other, where these practices do not occur. Samples were collected at both sites within a quadrate of 625 cm2 of area randomly thrown 5 times along a 10 meters transect line. Richness, Shannon-Hill diversity and Simpson dominance indices were determined based on biomass data. Similarity between sites was analyzed with Bray-Curtis similarity and distance index. Fifty-eight macroalgae species were observed, including 7 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta and 38 Rhodophyta. In the non-disturbed site, 49 species were found, while at the disturbed site, there were 42 species. Dictyotaceae and Corallinaceae were the most representative families at the non-disturbed site, and Rhodomelaceae and Dictyotaceae at the disturbed site. The non-disturbed site presented a higher biomass and the greatest richness and diversity indices. In the disturbed site the dominance index was greater and Caulerpa racemosa was the dominant species. The dendogram based on similarity index showed two major clusters, and an isolated element at the center that corresponds to a sample from the disturbed site. In the first cluster, samples from the non-impacted site were predominant and fleshy brown algae were more conspicuous. The second cluster was composed primarily of samples from the impacted site, where C. racemosa and red filamentous and erect calcareous algae associations (turf forming) were observed covering large extensions. These associations are represented by groups of algae adapted to environments where disturbances are frequent. They can grow rapidly on substrate where benthic community was removed and do not allow the establishment of other species. The results of the present study show that tourism activity is an impacting factor that has been causing shifts in macroalgae communities in the Maracaja�� Reef Complex

Proposta de modelagem de qualidade ambiental em ��reas metropolitanas, por meio de dados de sensoriamento remoto

Tese (doutorado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Instituto de Geoci��ncias, P��s-Gradua����o em Geoci��ncias Aplicadas, 2016.

La mejora del proceso de ense��anza-aprendizaje en educaci��n ambiental: un estudio centrado en la educaci��n general b��sica de Ecuador

La crisis ambiental que atravesamos actualmente es consecuencia del avance vertiginoso de las diferentes actividades humanas, lo cual se constituye en una amenaza constante a la biodiversidad. Los problemas ambientales afectan a la totalidad de los elementos de la naturaleza, es decir: el aire, el agua, el suelo, los bosques y la cobertura vegetal en general, los animales, la energ��a, el clima y las personas; y ello est�� amenazando a la vida de las presentes y futuras generaciones. Ecuador, a pesar de su riqueza ecol��gica y cultural, durante las ��ltimas d��cadas ha ejercido cada vez mayor presi��n sobre el ambiente a ra��z de: el incremento acelerado de la poblaci��n, la migraci��n del campo a la ciudad, los modelos de consumo insostenibles, la explotaci��n del llamado oro negro o petr��leo, la degradaci��n y p��rdida directa de bosques, humedales y otros ecosistemas. Aspectos que constituyen un riesgo, no solo para el ambiente, sino tambi��n para la sociedad y el bienestar humano, pues la biodiversidad representa la base para la vida en nuestro planeta y es uno de los pilares fundamentales del desarrollo sostenible. A��n cuando los grandes problemas ambientales que estamos atravesando son comunes a los del resto del mundo, en Ecuador encontramos cuatro grandes problemas o macroproblemas ambientales: la destrucci��n y fragmentaci��n de los h��bitats, la introducci��n de especies ex��ticas, la sobreexplotaci��n de recursos naturales y la contaminaci��n. A ��stos podr��amos sumar uno m��s: el cambio clim��tico global, cuyos efectos a mediano y largo plazo ponen en riesgo la biodiversidad y la calidad de vida de toda la humanidad. Ante la magnitud de los problemas ambientales que nos afectan, el universo tiene los ojos puestos en la b��squeda de alternativas a los mismos. Por esta raz��n, se vienen desarrollando una serie de eventos, reuniones, conferencias a nivel nacional e internacional, con el prop��sito de aunar esfuerzos en el dise��o de pol��ticas y estrategias generales y particulares, que permitan aproximarse al equilibrio en las relaciones del ser humano con la naturaleza...

Relatos de violencia ambiental : el caso de Do��a Juana

Investigaci��n que identifica la contaminaci��n ambiental que han experimentado las comunidades de Mochuelo Alto y Mochuelo Bajo a ra��z de su convivencia con el basurero de Do��a Juana (ubicado en la ciudad de Bogot��). Proyecto con enfoque cualitativo desarrollado a partir de una metodolog��a de relatos de vida y perspectiva biogr��fica que describe la forma como las comunidades han hecho frente al sufrimiento ambiental y algunas de las implicaciones que conlleva la contaminaci��n en sus relaciones sociales.

Da ocupa����o do territ��rio �� degrada����o ambiental: o caso da explora����o mineira em S. Domingos

Um empreendimento de escala grandiosa como o que foi levado a cabo em S��o Domingos, entre meados do s��culo XIX e meados do s��culo XX, para a explora����o das pirites, tinha de ter impacto no ambiente. Nesta hist��ria da explora����o moderna de um recurso geol��gico descrevemos o caso concreto da mina desta pequena localidade do territ��rio de M��rtola, destacando os problemas de natureza ambiental identificados. O empreendimento que motiva este estudo teve igualmente reflexo na imprensa regional e nacional, as fontes que privilegi��mos como reflexo de um hipot��tico debate no espa��o p��blico, juntamente com documentos dos servi��os oficiais que regularam a atividade da empresa exploradora, a n��vel econ��mico mas tamb��m ambiental. �� ocupa����o de um territ��rio praticamente deserto, no interior alentejano, onde o capital ingl��s fez surgir uma povoa����o pr��spera, seguiu-se a degrada����o ambiental, evidenciada pelo impacto na paisagem, pela polui����o do ar e pela polui����o da ��gua, sem esquecer a desertifica����o humana associada ao encerramento da mina, apesar dos esfor��os para a reconvers��o econ��mica da regi��o por parte das entidades envolvidas.

PERCEP����O AMBIENTAL SOBRE OS CHARCOS TEMPOR��RIOS DA COSTA SUDOESTE DE PORTUGAL

O S��tio de Import��ncia Comunit��ria da Costa Sudoeste de Portugal alberga 49 habitats naturais e seminaturais, 25% considerados priorit��rios. A ocupa����o e uso do solo est��o a amea��ar valores paisag��sticos e ecol��gicos nesta ��rea protegida. As principais causas de degrada����o ambiental s��o a intensifica����o agr��cola e o crescimento tur��stico. Os Charcos Tempor��rios Mediterr��nicos est��o legalmente protegidos, mas cerca de 50% desapareceram em 18 anos. Apesar de haver bons estudos sobre as amea��as e os impactos na biodiversidade associada aos charcos tempor��rios, nenhum ilustra a perce����o ambiental da popula����o. Foram realizados question��rios e entrevistas a quatro p��blicos-alvo (popula����o local, turistas, agricultores e administradores) nos concelhos de Odemira e Vila do Bispo. Existem diferen��as na perce����o destes p��blicos no que respeita a valora����o do habitat como recurso natural. No concelho de Odemira valora-se os charcos tempor��rios pela utilidade que podem ter nas atividades agr��colas tradicionais. Em Vila do Bispo, valora-se mais o uso tur��stico. Turistas estrangeiros d��o mais valor �� conserva����o do que turistas nacionais. Os agricultores valoram os charcos tempor��rios consoante a localiza����o destes no terreno. Se a sua presen��a n��o interferir com a produ����o, s��o considerados mais-valias, mas se reduzirem a rentabilidade da explora����o, ser��o pontos de conflito com a gest��o da ��rea protegida. Os administradores valoram o habitat por ser um elemento diferenciador do territ��rio e reconhecem a sua potencialidade para o turismo de natureza. S��o propostas a����es de sensibiliza����o para a conserva����o dos charcos tempor��rios e minimiza����o dos conflitos existentes entre desenvolvimento local, gest��o e conserva����o deste habitat.

An��lise geoambiental de paisagens rurais montanhosas da Serra do Mar utilizando redes neurais artificiais. Subs��dios a sustentabilidade ambiental de ecossistemas fr��geis e fragmentados sob interfer��ncia antr��pica.

2012

AGENDA AMBIENTAL DEL AGUA EN COSTA RICA

La crisis de gobcrnabilidad de los recursos h��dricos es clara y evidente en Costa Rica. Estos recursos est��n en proceso de deterioro y peligrosamente amenazados. En tan solo cinco d��cadas se pas�� de la riqueza y abundancia de agua, a la vulnerabilidad y escasez de ��sta. Un conjunto de realidades ha originado la mencionada crisis: la ausencia de pol��ticas h��dricas integrales, claras y estables, un marco legal desactualizado. est��tico y de m��nimo cumplimiento, que ha permitido el uso ineficiente y la contaminaci��n de los cuerpos de agua y desde luego la cultura dominante de poca o ninguna valoraci��n del agua como recurso vital para el desarrollo presente y futuro de todas las especies que poblamos el pa��s.La Agenda Ambiental del Agua en Costa Rica ha sido elaborada mediante un proceso parlicipativo. donde diversos actores sociales en diferentes regiones ���Lim��n, Liberia y la Gran Area Metropolitana (GAM)��� priorizaron los 10 principales problemas y sus potenciales soluciones:1) La educaci��n formal e informal es muy d��bil respecto a como alcanzar el uso eficiente e inteligente de los recursos hrdricos. Igualmente, es d��bil para revertir el patr��n de manejo de vertidos sin responsabilidad social.2) La excesiva centralizaci��n de las decisiones. Muy poca participaci��n ciudadana tanto en la estructura organizativa como en la toma de decisiones.3) La inoperancia del marco institucional y legal ���desconocimiento por parte de la sociedad civil de los procesos de denuncia y otros; la tramitolog��a de denuncia es demasiado lenta e ineficiente, raz��n por la cual los denunciantes se cansan y desaniman���.4) La deficiente y casi nula valoraci��n econ��mica del agua, que tome en cuenta el manejo integral de las cuencas y la b��squeda de la permanencia del recurso en el futuro.5) La ausencia de planes h��dricos de cuencas donde el plan regulador sea un componente b��sico.6) La desigual calidad del agua para los costarricenses seg��n operador del servicio y regi��n geogr��fica.7) La contaminaci��n de aguas superficiales y subterr��neas.8) La ausencia de conocimiento, socializaci��n, sistematizaci��n y movilizaci��n en relaci��n con el manejo del agua. Es necesario el aumento de las capacidades tanto t��cnicas y cient��ficas como de cambio de cultura y conocimiento popular.9) Falta de informaci��n b��sica y mecanismos claros para poder utilizarla.10) La informaci��n existente en la actualidad se encuentra dispersa en diferentes orgarnza ciones y en algunos investigadores, lo que impide su uso efectivo.La Agenda Ambiental del Agua en Costa Rica aproxima los costos para la soluci��n de los problemas apuntados anteriormente. Se necesita invertir alrededor de US$J .500 millones para abordar la gesti��n integrada de los recursos h��dricos en el pa��s.Abstract: The crisis of governance of thc watcr resources is clear and evideni in Costa Rica. These resources are in proccss o��deterioration anddangerously threatened. In only five decades it passed of che wealth and water abundance, to che vulnerability and shortagc of thc same one. A set of realities has originated dic mentioned crisis; dic abscncc of an integral, clear and siable water policy, a legal framework out of date. static one and of minimal fulfillmeni. which has allowed che inefficicrn use and ihe pollution ofihe water bodies. And certainly. hc dominecring culture of small ci no valuation to the water as vital resource for thc prcscnt and future dcvclopment of alI dic species. thai we populate che country.The Environmental Agenda of the Water in Costa Rica has bccn claborated by means of a participatory proccss. which includes several social actors in diverse regions ���Limon. Liberia and Great Metropolitan Area (GAM) These actors prioritized lO principal problems related to water resources and thcir potential solutions:1) The formal and informal education is very weak with regard to since as reaches the efficient and intelligeni use of thc water resources. Equally. dic boss of managing is weak for revert of spilt without social responsibilicy.2) The excessive centralization of che decisions with very little civil parlicipation. both in the organizational siructure and in the decision making process.3) The un.workability of ihe institutional and legal framewoik ���ignorance cii che pan of civil society of che proces.ses of denunciation and others the denunciation niechanism is ioo slow and inefticieni, a reason for which dic cbtmants get tired and discouragc���.4) Thedeficientone and almosi voideconomic valuationofthe waier. which bears in mmd the integral managing of the basin and dic scarc h of dic permancncy of dic resource to future.5) Thc absence of water plans of basin where dic regulatory plan is a basic component.6) The unequal quality of the water for dic Costa Ricans according tooperacor of dic service and geographica] region.7) The pollution of superficial and underground waters.8) The absence of knowledgc. socializ.arion, systematizing and mobilization in relation co the waier managing. Thc increase of dic capacities is necessary so much tcchnical and scicntific like of change of culture and popular knowledge.9) Lack of basic information and clear mechanisms to be able to use it.10) Thc cxisting information aL preseni is dispersed in different organizations and in sorne investigators, which prevents ihe effective use of the same one.The Environmental Agenda of the Water in Costa Rica brings the costs near for the solution of the pointed problems previously. Costa Rica needs to invest about US$1.500 million Lo approach ihe integrated managcment of the water resources in the country.