Prática de ensino supervisionada no 1.º e no 2.º ciclo do ensino básico: trabalhos de casa: perspetivas de pais e alunos

Relatório Final apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Posturas ensinadas em Portugal no início da aprendizagem de contrabaixo: relatório de estágio

Resumo I – Prática Pedagógica. No início da aula de contrabaixo pergunta-se: «queres tocar em pé ou sentado?» É uma pergunta que poucos professores fazem, não só porque exige que o aluno saiba tocar das duas maneiras, mas principalmente porque cada professor tem a sua escola e opta por uma forma de ensinar, que acha que é a melhor para o aluno. Será mais conveniente dar a escolher ou determinar a posição com que o aluno vai tocar? Neste trabalho, procuram-se as respostas, analisando as várias posturas que se podem ensinar quando se toca contrabaixo. Começando pela questão elementar de estar sentado ou em pé e passando pelos vários detalhes que determinam o posicionamento do aluno em relação ao instrumento, como por exemplo, a altura a que se põe o instrumento ou a forma de apoio dos pés, acaba-se por fazer uma reflexão sobre a melhor forma de ensinar nos dias de hoje. A prática pedagógica deste ano letivo de estágio, consiste concretamente na observação das posturas adotadas por três alunos em particular. Foram ensinadas novas posturas a dois alunos e aperfeiçoadas as posturas já ensinadas a uma terceira aluna. Os resultados finais foram reveladores para a investigação que foi feita em simultâneo.

Monitoring of ochratoxin a exposure of the Portuguese population through a nationwide urine survey — winter 2007

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of fungi, such as Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillium spp., which has been found to have a wide number of potentially deadly toxic effects, and can enter the human organism through a variety of means. It then finds its way into the bloodstream and, after a lengthy process, is eventually excreted through the urine. It can thus be detected in its original form not only in blood samples but also in this biological medium. As such, and in an attempt to evaluate the exposure of the Portuguese population to this mycotoxin, morning urine samples were collected during the Winter of 2007, from each of five geographically distinct Portuguese locations — Bragança, Porto, Coimbra, Alentejo, and Algarve — and subjected to extraction by immunoaffinity columns and to OTA quantification through liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Prevalent incidence was higher than 95% with Coimbra being the exception (incidence of 73.3%). In nearly all locations, the OTA content of most samples was found to be above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 ng/ml. Indeed, excluding Coimbra, with an OTA content level of 0.014 ng/ml, all regions featured content values over 0.021 ng/ml.

Evaluation of ochratoxin A exposure degree in two Portuguese cities through wheat and maize bread consumption during the winter 2007

The occurrence of OTA in fresh and packed wheat and in maize bread and the evaluation of the exposure degree through their consumption in two Portuguese populations from Porto and Coimbra, during the winter of 2007, were studied. One hundred and sixty eight bread samples, 61 maize and 107 wheat, were analysed by liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection (LC–FD). The results showed that 84% of samples were contaminated, with a maximum level of 3.85 ng/g (above the EU maximum limit, 3 ng/g). Fresh wheat bread presented higher levels than packed wheat bread. Moreover, the traditional maize bread, in either city, was consistently more contaminated than wheat bread, 0.25 vs 0.19 ng/g, and 0.48 vs 0.34 ng/ g for Porto and Coimbra, respectively. Avintes maize bread showed the highest mean contamination and maximum levels. The higher estimated daily intake of OTA from both types of bread in the population of Coimbra compared to Porto reflects the higher average contamination of bread in the first city.

Influencing factors on bread-derived exposure to ochratoxin A: type, origin and composition

The nearly ubiquitous consumption of cereals all over the world renders them an important position in international nutrition, but concurrently allocates exposure to possible contained contaminants. Mycotoxins are natural food contaminants, difficult to predict, evade, and reduce, so it is important to establish the real contribution of each contaminated food product, with the aim to evaluate mycotoxin exposure. This was the key objective of this survey and analysis for ochratoxin A content on 274 samples of commercialized bread in the Portuguese market, during the winter 2007. Different bread products were analyzed through an HPLC-FD method, including traditional types, novel segments, and different grain based bread products. A wide-ranging low level contamination was observed in all regions and types of bread products analyzed, especially in the Porto and Coimbra regions, and in the maize and whole-grain or fiber-enriched bread. Nevertheless, the exposure through contaminated wheat bread continues to be the most significant, given its high consumption and dominance in relation to the other types of bread.

Optical fiber sensor for Hg(II) based on carbon dots

An optical fiber sensor for Hg(II) in aqueous solution based on sol–gel immobilized carbon dots nanoparticles functionalized with PEG200 and N-acetyl-l-cysteine is described. This sol–gel method generated a thin (about 750 nm), homogenous and smooth (roughness of 2.7±0.7 a˚ ) filmthat immobilizes the carbon dots and allows reversible sensing of Hg(II) in aqueous solution. A fast (less than 10 s), reversible and stable (the fluorescence intensity measurements oscillate less than 1% after several calibration cycles) sensor system was obtained. The sensor allow the detection of submicron molar concentrations of Hg(II) in aqueous solution. The fluorescence intensity of the immobilized carbon dots is quenched by the presence of Hg(II) with a Stern-Volmer constant (pH = 6.8) of 5.3×105M−1.

Luminol-doped nanostructured composite materials for chemiluminescent sensing of hydrogen peroxide

Silica based nanostructured composite materials doped with luminol and cobalt(II) ion were synthesized and characterized, resulting in a highly chemiluminescent material in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. A detection system with the CL light guided from the reaction tube to the photomultiplier tube using a one millimeter glass optical fiber was developed and assessed. A linear response was observed using a semi-logarithm calibration between 50–2000 µM hydrogen peroxide with 1 µM as the limit of detection.

Motivar é a chave do sucesso

Mestrado em Gestão e Empreendedorismo

Diane Arbus: the wonderful wizard of odds or the poetics of the i (eye)

Diane Arbus‘ photographs are mainly about difference. Most of the time she is trying ‗[…] to suppress, or at least reduce, moral and sensory queasiness‘ (Sontag 1977: 40) in order to represent a world where the subject of the photograph is not merely the ‗other‘ but also the I. Her technique does not coax her subjects into natural poses. Instead she encourages them to be strange and awkward. By posing for her, the revelation of the self is identified with what is odd. This paper aims at understanding the geography of difference that, at the same time, is also of resistance, since Diane Arbus reveals what was forcefully hidden by bringing it into light in such a way that it is impossible to ignore. Her photographs display a poetic beauty that is not only of the ‗I‘ but also of the ‗eye‘. The world that is depicted is one in which we are all the same. She ―atomizes‖ reality by separating each element and ‗Instead of showing identity between things which are different […] everybody is shown to look the same.‘ (Sontag 1977: 47). Furthermore, this paper analyses some of Arbus‘ photographs so as to explain this point of view, by trying to argue that between rejecting and reacting against what is standardized she does not forget the geography of the body which is also a geography of the self. While creating a new imagetic topos, where what is trivial becomes divine, she also presents the frailty of others as our own.

TimeMesh: an educational historical game

The TIMEMESH game, developed in the scope of the European Project SELEAG, is an educational game for learning history, culture and social relations. It is supported by an extensible, online, multi-language, multi-player, collaborative and social platform for sharing and acquiring knowledge of the history of European regions. The game has been already used, with remarkable success, in different European countries like Portugal, Spain, England, Slovenia, Estonia and Belgium.

Interação positiva entre pares: contributos das crianças para a resolução de problemas

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar

Mortalidade de motociclistas em acidentes de transporte no Distrito Federal, 1996 a 2007

OBJETIVO: Descrever características sociodemográficas e analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade de motociclistas traumatizados em acidentes de transporte. MÉTODOS: Estudo de séries temporais com dados de 580 óbitos de motociclistas do Distrito Federal, de 1996 a 2007, obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade específicas segundo idade e sexo, as taxas padronizadas (método direto) e a razão de óbitos por frota (motocicletas). A média móvel centralizada da taxa padronizada de mortalidade de homens foi calculada para o período de três anos e um modelo de regressão linear foi construído para estudar a evolução temporal da mortalidade. Para calcular o incremento anual da taxa de mortalidade padronizada utilizou-se o método joinpoint (ponto de inflexão). RESULTADOS: A maior parte dos motociclistas mortos era do sexo masculino, (94,3%), pardo (71,0%) e tinha entre 20 e 39 anos (73,8%). A taxa padronizada de mortalidade de motociclistas (homens) residentes foi de 1,9 para 7,2 óbitos/100 mil homens entre 1996 e 2007. Entre 1998 e 2007, a razão de óbitos por frota passou de 2,0 óbitos/10 mil motocicletas para 10,0 óbitos/10 mil motocicletas entre os homens. Estimou-se incremento anual de 0,48 óbito/100 mil homens (IC95% 0,31;0,65; p < 0,001). O incremento percentual anual da taxa padronizada de mortalidade para o sexo masculino foi de 36,2% no período 1998-2007 (IC 95% 21,2%;53,2%; p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A taxa de mortalidade de motociclistas decorrente de acidentes de transporte aumentou expressivamente. Esse aumento é explicado apenas em parte pelo aumento da frota de motocicletas. Características individuais dos condutores, bem como as condições locais do tráfego, necessitam ser investigadas para o planejamento de políticas preventivas.

A participação das crianças na planificação e gestão da rotina diária

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

Edentulism and shortened dental arch in Brazilian elderly from the National Survey of Oral Health 2003

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of edentulism and estimate the prevalence of functional dentition and shortened dental arch among elderly population. METHODS: A population-based epidemiological study was carried out with a sample of 5,349 respondents aged 65 to 74 years obtained from the 2002 and 2003 Brazilian Ministry of Health/Division of Oral Health survey database. The following variables were studied: gender; macroregion of residence; missing teeth; percentage that met the World Health Organization goal for oral health in the age group 65 to 74 years (50% having at least 20 natural teeth); presence of shortened dental arch; number of posterior occluding pairs of teeth. The Chi-square test assessed the association between categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences of mean between number of posterior occluding pairs teeth, macro-region and gender. RESULTS: The elderly population had an average of 5.49 teeth (SD: 7.93) with a median of 0. The proportion of completely edentulous respondents was 54.7%. Complete edentulism was 18.2% in the upper arch and 1.9% in the lower arch. The World Health Organization goal was achieved in 10% of all respondents studied. However, only 2.7% had acceptable masticatory function and aesthetics (having at least shortened dental arch) and a mean number of posterior occluding pairs of 6.94 (SD=2.97). There were significant differences of the percentage of respondents that met the World Health Organization goal and presence of shortened dental arch between men and women. There were differences in shortened dental arch between macroregions. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian epidemiological oral health survey showed high rate of edentulism and low rate of shortened dental arch in the elderly population studied, thus suggesting significant functional and aesthetic impairment in all Brazilian macroregions especially among women.