三种不同光谱学方法测定转基因抗虫棉组织营养元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收、火焰原子发射光谱法及分光光度法分析了三种不同转基因抗虫棉在不同生育时期不同组织内的11种营养元素含量的变化。结果表明,与非转基因对照比较,转基因抗虫棉植株体的营养化学组成发生了一定程度的改变,这种改变与转基因抗虫棉的品种、部位及生育时期相关。转基因抗虫棉全N含量的变化最为显著,其中转Bt抗虫棉Z30增幅最高达21%,这可能与外源基因导入及杀虫蛋白的表达有关。Mg,Na和Cu含量的显著改变仅特异的发生在某个转基因抗虫棉品种的某一组织内。外源抗虫基因导入对转基因抗虫棉植株内有机C、全P、全S、K、Ca、Fe、Zn含量的扰动是微小的,从而推测,转基因抗虫棉对这些营养元素的利用和积累能力没有显著改变。

土地利用对潮棕壤电导率影响的研究

对中国科学院沈阳生态实验站潮棕壤水稻田、玉米地、撂荒地和人工林地4种土地利用方式经过14年后土壤电导率在土体10个土层中的剖面分布进行比较研究,结果表明:不同土地利用方式及不同深度土层土壤电导率差异显著。表层,玉米地土壤电导率显著低于其他3种土地利用方式;150 cm深度内土壤电导率平均值为林地>撂荒地>玉米地>水稻田。水稻田土层具有相对较高的土壤电导率,可能主要受植稻过程中土壤淋溶及复盐基作用的影响;林地深层相对较高的土壤电导率可能主要受树木根系分布的影响。不同土地利用方式下土壤剖面中电导率与有机C、全量N、P、S、有效态N、P、S、pH、交换性Ca、Mg、K、Na、CEC、DTPA浸提态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn之间具有不同的相互关系,反映了不同土地利用方式下元素的生物地球化学循环对土壤电导率的影响。由此,土壤电导率可作为指征不同土地利用方式对土壤性质影响可行的土壤化学指标。表4,参13。

文冠果叶片养分元素含量的动态变化及再吸收特性

以文冠果叶片为试材,运用原子吸收光谱法分析了叶片养分元素含量的季节动态变化和再吸收效率。结果表明:N、P、K均呈下降趋势,是"稀释效应"和养分再吸收导致;Mg呈"单峰"曲线走势,与Mg的生理功能有关;Fe、Mn呈"V"字型走势,Cu呈"W"型,Zn呈"N"型,与树体吸收特性和不同的物候期有关。总体来看,养分元素含量顺序是:N>P>K>Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu,且不同时期又有所不同。大量元素之间存在显著的相关关系;微量元素间相关关系不显著(Fe、Zn除外),Fe与N显著负相关,与拮抗作用有关。C/N呈升高趋势,差异显著;N/P呈降低趋势,差别不大。养分再吸收效率由大到小的顺序是:Mg>N>K>P,差异显著。微量元素由于移动性较差,不能被再吸收。N、P、K、Mg养分再吸收效率反映了文冠果较高的养分保存能力和养分利用效率。

污水灌溉对土壤重金属含量、酶活性和微生物类群分布的影响

以沈阳张士灌区长期污灌的农田土壤为对象,研究了土壤重金属、土壤酶活性、微生物生物量和种群分布特征,分析了土壤微生物参数与土壤重金属和土壤性质的相关关系。结果表明,虽然已停止污灌十余年,张士灌区农田土壤仍存在Cd、Zn、Cu等多种重金属污染。土壤Cd污染最严重,含量达1.75~3.89 mg.kg-1。土壤耕作层(0~30cm)Zn、Cu、Pb总含量随土层深度增加逐渐减少,而Cd元素的垂直分布呈向下迁移的趋势。Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb等4种重金属含量水平分布特征相似,均为1号样地>2号样地>3号样地>4号样地。相关性分析表明,张士灌区土壤酶活性、微生物生物量和种群分布受重金属污染和土壤养分的影响,土壤养分含量(有机碳、N、P、K)对微生物的正面效应大于重金属对微生物的负面效应。土壤全量Cd和速效K对微生物参数的影响最为明显,Cd含量与多酚氧化酶活性和微生物生物量(Cmic)呈极显著负相关,与纤维素酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),速效K含量与多酚氧化酶活性、微生物生物量以及可培养微生物种群数量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。

杂种樱桃(P.avium×P.pseudocerasus)叶片离体再生体系的建立

以先锋与对樱桃的种间杂交种F8的组培苗为试材进行离体再生,研究建立了F8叶片再生体系,以WPM为基本培养基,附加6-BA及IAA的培养基芽再生效果最好,在1~7 mg/L 6-BA、0.5~3.0 mg/L IAA的浓度组合中,离体叶片均可以再生。其中3.0 mg/L 6-BA+2.0 mg/L IAA组合叶片离体再生效果最好,再生频率可达90%,叶片平均再生芽数可达5.22个。

Assembly of Seven Supramolecular Compounds with p-Sulfonatocalix[6]arene

Seven supramolecular compounds comprising p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene and transition metals, {[Cu(Imz)-(phen)(H2O)](4)[C6AS]}center dot 10H(2)O (1), {[Cu(Imz)(2)(phen)](2)[Cu(Imz)(phen)(H2O)(2)](2)[C6AS]}center dot 13.3H(2)O (2), {[M(phen)(2)(H2O)]-[(M(phen)(2)](2)[C6AS]}center dot nH(2)O (3 and 4) (3: M = Co and n = 29.6; 4: M = Zn and n = 29.9), {[Cu(phen)(2)](4)[C6AS]}(2)center dot 13H(2)O (5), [H3O](2)[Co(phen)(3)](2)[C6AS]center dot 10.7H(2)O(6), and [Cu(phen)(2)(H2O)](2){[Cu(phen)(2)](2)[C6AS]}center dot 8H(2)O(7)(phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, C6AS = p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene, Imz = imidazole), have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method and structurally characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Effect of substituting cerium-rich mischmetal with lanthanum on microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast Mg-Al-RE alloys

Die-cast Mg-4Al-4RE-0.4Mn (RE = Ce-rich mischmetal) and Mg-4Al-4La-0.4Mn magnesium alloys were prepared successfully and their microstructure, tensile and creep properties have been investigated. The results show that two binary Al-RE phases, Al11RE3 and Al2RE, are formed along grain boundaries in Mg-4Al-4RE-0.4Mn alloy, while the phase compositions of Mg-4Al-4La-0.4Mn alloy mainly consist of alpha-Mg phase and Al11La3 phase. And in Mg-4Al-4La-0.4Mn alloy the Al11La3 phase occupies a large grain boundary area and grows with complicated morphologies, which is characterized by scanning electron microscopy in detail. Changing the rare earth content of the alloy from Ce-rich mischmetal to lanthanum gives a further improvement in the tensile and creep properties, and the later could be attributed to the better thermal stability of Al11La3 phase in Mg-4Al-4La-0.4Mn alloy than that of Al11RE3 phase in Mg-4Al-4RE-0.4Mn alloy.

Microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of high-pressure die-cast Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xPr (x=1, 2, 4, 6) alloys

Mg-4Al-0.4Mn-xPr (x = 1, 2, 4 and 6 wt.%) magnesium alloys were prepared successfully by the high-pressure die-casting technique. The microstructures, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior as well as strengthening mechanism were investigated. The die-cast alloys were mainly composed of small equiaxed dendrites and the matrix. The fine rigid skin region was related to the high cooling rate and the aggregation of alloying elements, such as Pr. With the Pr content increasing, the alpha-Mg grain sizes were reduced gradually and the amounts of the Al2Pr phase and All, Pr-3 phase which mainly concentrated along the grain boundaries were increased and the relative volume ratio of above two phases was changed. Considering the performance-price ratio, the Pr content added around 4 wt.% was suitable to obtain the optimal mechanical properties which can keep well until 200 degrees C as well as good corrosion resistance. The outstanding mechanical properties were mainly attributed to the rigid casting surface layer, grain refinement, grain boundary strengthening obtained by an amount of precipitates as well as solid solution strengthening.

PH-Dependent syntheses and structures of two Copper(II)/Phenanthroline/p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene supramolecular compounds with 1D water-filled channels

Two copper-organic framework supramolecular assemblies of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and 1,10-phenanthroline Cu-2[C12H8N2][C28H20S4O16][H2O](23.5) (1) and Cu-3[C12H8N2](3)[C28H19S4O16]Cl[H2O](17.6) (2) were obtained by pH-dependent synthesis at room temperature. Both structures show ID water-filled channels (rectangular shape in I and triangular in 2) with the solvent-accessible volume occupying 30.8% (1) and 24.2% (2) of the unit-cell volume, respectively. The calixarene molecules in both structures assume analogous cone shapes of C-2 nu symmetry instead of the conventional C-4 nu symmetry. Their connecting to different amounts of copper/phenanthroline cations leads to the formation of different structures.

Novel heteroleptic Cu-I complexes with tunable emission color for efficient phosphorescent light-emitting diodes

A series of orange-red to red phosphorescent heteroleptic Cu-I complexes (the first ligand: 2,2 '-biquinoline (bq), 4,4 '-diphenyl2,2 '-biquinoline (dpbq) or 3,3 '-methylen-4,4 '-diphenyl-2,2 '-biquinoline (mdpbq); the second ligand: triphenylphosphine or bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (DPEphos)) have been synthesized and fully characterized. With highly rigid bulky biquinoline-type ligands, complexes [Cu(mdpbq)(PPh3)(2)](BF4) and [Cu(mdpbq)(DPEphos)](BF4) emit efficiently in 20 wt % PMMA films with photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.56 and 0.43 and emission maximum of 606 nm and 617 nm, respectively. By doping these complexes in poly(vinyl carbazole) (PVK) or N-(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-3,6-bis(carbazol-9-yl) carbazole (TCCz), phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated with various device structures. The complex [Cu(mdpbq)(DPEphos)](BF4) exhibits the best device performance. With the device structure of ITO/PEDOT/ TCCz:[Cu(mdpbq)(DPEphos)](BF4) (15 wt %)/TPBI/LiF/Al (III), a current efficiency up to 6.4 cd A(-1) with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.61, 0.39) has been realized. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of efficient mononuclear Cu complexes with red emission.

Soluble, saturated-red-light-emitting poly(p-phenylenevinylene) containing triphenylamine units and cyano groups

A conjugated poly(p-CN-phenylenevinylene) (PCNPV) containing both electron-donating triphenylamine units and electron-withdrawing cyano groups was prepared via Knoevenagel condensation in a good yield. Gel permeation chromatography suggested that the soluble polymer had a very high weight-average molecular weight of 309,000. A bright and saturated red emission was observed under UV excitation in solution and film. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the polymer presented quasi-reversible oxidation with a relatively low potential because of the triphenylamine unit. A single-layer indium tin oxide/PCNPV/Mg-Ag device emitted a bright red light (633 nm).

Synthesis, structural and electrical characterizations of Sr2Fe1-xMxNbO6 (M = Zn and Cu) with double perovskite structure

Sr2Fe1-xZnxNbO6-x/2 (0 <= x <= 0.5) and Sr2Fe1-xCuxNbO6-x/2 (0.01 <= x <= 0.05) with the double perovskite structure have been synthesized. The crystal structures at room temperature were determined from Rietveld refinements of X-ray powder diffraction data. The plots of the imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum, Z '', and the electric modulus, M '', versus log (frequency), possess maxima for both curves separated by less than a half decade in frequency with associated capacities of 2 nF. The enhancement of the overall conductivity Of Sr2Fe1-xMxNbO6-x/2 (M = Cu and Zn) is observed, as increases from 2.48 (3) x 10(-4) S/cm for Sr2FeNbO6 to 3.82 (5) x 10(-3) S/cm for Sr2Fe0.8Zn0.2NbO5.9 at 673 K. Sr2Fe0.8Zn0.2NbO5.9 is chemically stable under the oxygen partial pressure from 1 atm to 10(-22) atm at 873 K. The p and n-type electronic conductions are dominant under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively, suggesting a small-polaron hopping mechanism of electronic conduction.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of {[Cu(oxbe)]Mn(H2O)[Cu(oxbe)(DMF)]}(n)center dot nDMF center dot nH(2)O: From dissymmetrical mononuclear entities to a 3D heterometallic supramolecular coordination polymer

Self-assembly of the building block [Cu(oxbe)](-) with Mn(II) led to a novel coordination polymer {[Cu(oxbe)]Mn(H2O)(Cu(oxbe)(DMF)]}(n).nDMF.nH(2)O, where H(3)oxbe is a new dissymmetrical ligand N-benzoato-N'-(2-aminoethyl)-oxamido and DMF = dimethylformamide. The crystal forms in the triclinic system, space group P(1)over-bar, with a = 9.260(4) angstorm, b = 12.833(5) angstrom, c = 15.274(6) angstrom , alpha = 76.18(3)degrees, beta = 82.7(3)degrees, gamma = 82.31(3)degrees, and Z = 2. The crystal structure of the title complex reveals that the two-dimensional bimetallic layers are constructed of (CuMnII)-Mn-II-Cu-II chains linked together by carboxylate bridge and hydrogen bonds help to produce a novel three-dimensional channel-like structure. The magnetic susceptibility measurements (5-300 K) were analyzed by means of the Hamiltonian (H)over-cap = -2J(S)over-cap (Mn)((S)over-cap(Cu1) + (S)over-cap(Cu2)), leading to J = -17.4 cm(-1).