Las lenguas como patrimonio intangible.

El artículo pertenece a una sección de la revista dedicada a investigación y opinión.

Programa de inmersión cultural : ¡Mare! A chupar china en Yucatán : un modelo de adquisición de una segunda lengua dirigido a estudiantes anglófonos monolingües.

Memoria de máster (Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 2010). Incluye anexos. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

El medi està androcentrat. Qui el desandrocentritzarà ?... Experiència femenina, coneixement ecològic i canvi cultural

The article is the result of an attempt to define universal categories which permit a nonandrocentric conceptualization of the natural environment, in which femenine experience in environmental topics is unveiled and emphatized as a collective heritage. The theoretic content concentrates on defining and outlining the characteristics of two basic concepts: the femenine model of conscience and environmental actionr and ccwomen's ecologismn. The potential of both concepts for structuring research in genderlenvironment relations is demostrated. Finally, the article offers reasoned criticism of the androcentric nature of the guide-lines which predominate in environmental management and proposes, as the basis of an alternative model, the recognition of the legitimacy and authority of feminine experience in environmental affairs

Women on March in Goa : the gender transition in Higher Education after the Statehood

This paper attempts to address the interesting phenomenon of dominance of women in higher educational sector of Goa-a remarkable postcolonial event which occurred after Goa attained statehood in 1987. The Indian state of Goa has been experiencing a rapid socio-economic and cultural transformation. At present it enjoys many of the highest human development indicators in India, matching some of the developed countries. Its’ projected population at present is 1.45 million (Indian decennial census 2001 reported 1.348 million). When the Portuguese rule ended, the literacy was just 31 % whereas it stood at 82 % in 2001. Goa is a highly urbanized state in India. In 1960 there were just five towns and 15 % urban population. In 2001 the figures were, 44 towns and 50 % urban population. On economic front Goa has made tremendous progress mainly on account of the growth of mining, tourism and the service sector. Tourist arrivals in Goa have exceeded the state’s population from 2001. The Gross state domestic product (GSDP) at current prices in 2003-04 was Indian Rupees (Rs.) 96570 million, up from Rs. 3930 million when Goa became a full-fledged state. The banks are flush with funds indicating a booming economy. Goa has lowest birth and death rates and a life expectancy of 68 years for the males and 72 for females. The sex ratio however has shown a declining trend since 1960, from 1066 to 960 in 2001 (Table 1).The sex ratio for 0-6 years age group was 933. On this background we intend to examine the changing pattern of female education in Goa.

Parques naturais e património : os Ecomuseus como instrumentos de desenvolvimento cultural

"Os parques naturais são instrumentos privilegiados, nos quais se experimentam, de forma original, os métodos de planeamento integrado, de dinamização económica e cultural e de gesto racional de recursos naturais. São além disso ensaios de participação democrática dos poderes locais nas tomadas de decisão sobre assuntos fundamentais da vida das comunidades". Fernando Pessoa in "Parques Naturais" ed. SNPRPP, 1978 "Le musée est une institution au service de la société dont il est partie intégrante et il possède en lui-même les éléments qui lui permetent de participer à la formation des consciences des communautés qu'il sert" (Mesa Redonda de Santiago do Chile-UNESCO/ICOM 1972)

CONVENÇÃO DO PATRIMÓNIO MUNDIAL, A PROTECÇÃO DO PATRIMÓNIO MUNDIAL CULTURAL E NATURAL, UNESCO – PARIS, 1972

A Conferência geral da organização das Nações Unidas para a educação, a ciência e a cultura, reunida em Paris de 17 a 21 de Novembro de 1972, na sua décima sétima sessão, Constatando que o património cultural e o património natural estão cada vez mais ameaçados de destruição não apenas pelas causas tradicionais de degradação mas ainda pela evolução da vida social e económica que as agrava por fenómenos de alteração ou de destruição ainda mais perigosos, Considerando que a degradação ou o desaparecimento dum bem do património cultural e natural constitui um empobrecimento nefasto do património de todos os povos do mundo, Considerando que a protecção desse património à escala nacional é frequentemente incompleto em virtude da amplitude dos meios necessários e da insuficiência de recursos económicos, científicos e técnicos do país no território do qual se encontra o bem a salvaguardar.

Lei nº 13/85, de 6 de Julho : património cultural português

O património cultural português é constituído por todos os bens materiais e imateriais que pelo seu reconhecido valor próprio, devam ser considerados como de interesse relevante para a permanência e identidade da cultura portuguesa através do tempo.

El museo como forum de ciudadanía en el mundo

El museo representa un recinto que necesariamente tiene forma, contenido y protagonistas. En cuanto a la forma ésta es tridimensionalmente diversa, es decir, ningún museo es ni puede ser idéntico, pero conceptualmente, según la nueva museología, es la misma. Y es la misma, por la sencilla razón de que todos los espacios museísticos de la nueva museología se derivan de la relación indisoluble que existe entre territorio, patrimonio y comunidad. El museo tiene como objetivos investigar, documentar, explicar, problematizar y sistematizar todo lo relacionado con el patrimonio natural y cultural, -tangible e intangible- que condiciona su existencia. Además, también tiene como objetivos proteger, conservar, restaurar, inventariar, catalogar y proporcionarle seguridad a dicho patrimonio. Pero el museo no sería tal, si no cumpliera con los objetivos de educar, sensibilizar, concienciar, promover, comunicar y difundir el patrimonio que posee, lo estructura y lo define. El museo es un espacio temporal para el estudio y la reflexión, representa un magnífico instrumento educativo que coadyuva en los procesos de organización y acción comunitaria, en ese sentido, el museo es y debe ser un poderoso instrumento de gestión para el desarrollo comunitario.

Una reflexión sobre el patrimonio oral e intangible: el pueblo Zápara

En la presente tesis se hace una reflexión sobre el proceso de reconocimiento de la cultura de las comunidades záparas del Ecuador y Perú, como parte del Patrimonio Oral e Inmaterial de la Humanidad. Para dilucidar este proceso, se analizarán dos hechos significativos implícitos en él. El primero, el fortalecimiento organizativo e identitario del movimiento indígena ecuatoriano, dentro del cual nació la nacionalidad zápara organizada social y políticamente; y el segundo, la noción tradicional de Patrimonio Cultural, enfocada desde una visión monumentalista, así como el surgimiento la nueva categoría de Patrimonio Intangible, instaurada por la UNESCO. Desde esta perspectiva se abren nuevas lógicas para entender la cultura, creando espacios en los que tengan cabida la diversidad cultural y sus manifestaciones culturales. Finalmente, se expondrán las visiones, percepciones y vivencias de las distintas instancias locales involucradas en la candidaturización al pueblo zápara como Patrimonio Oral e Inmaterial de la Humanidad, así como las implicaciones y trascendencia de este reconocimiento internacional para el pueblo zápara.

El patrimonio cultural como derecho: el caso ecuatoriano (Tema Central)

When it comes to human rights, the first thoughts that come to mind are the rights to life, liberty or equality, among others, which possess the concept of being fundamental. Commonly, culture and heritage are not usually considered as rights; however, as well as there is the right to own legal identity, there is also the right to enjoy a cultural identity. This paper deals precisely with the study of culture and cultural heritage as a human right. Cultural heritage’s meaning concept is analyzed, its enclosure between fundamental rights and the way that it should be protected, essentially by the State. The Ecuadorian case is also analyzed around their legislation and cultural management, in order to assess the treatment that this right has been received in the country.

Lo que el tiempo se llevó: el pueblo zápara como patrimonio intangible

El proceso de reconocimiento de la cultura de las comunidades záparas de Ecuador y Perú como parte del patrimonio oral e inmaterial de la humanidad es el tema de reflexión de este libro. La autora analiza dos hechos significativos: el fortalecimiento organizativo e identitario del movimiento indígena ecuatoriano, dentro del cual se constituyó política y socialmente la nacionalidad zápara; y la noción tradicional de patrimonio cultural, enfocada desde una visión monumentalista, a raíz de la instauración de una nueva categoría de patrimonio intangible por parte de la UNESCO. Las visiones, percepciones y vivencias de las instancias nacionales e internacionales involucradas en la candidatura del pueblo zápara como patrimonio oral e inmaterial de la humanidad, constituyen un escenario único para la reflexión de este proceso.

Disabled access and heritage attractions

In a UK context, the importance of heritage tourism, the potential of the disabled market, and government policies concerning tourism, social inclusion, and the historic environment provide the setting within which access improvements at heritage attractions for disabled visitors are studied. At issue is how disabled access and conservation can be reconciled. The stakeholders range from the central actors, the disabled tourists and the heritage tourism service providers, through to the gatekeeper and lobby players in the conservation, disability, and tourism contexts. The critical power structures are identified. Changes to the historic environment are managed through the conservation planning system in which disability interests are not formally represented. Recent disability discrimination legislation has not altered this balance of power, and is a source of uncertainty over the access standards that should apply to heritage attractions. An evaluation of progress in implementing access improvements at heritage attractions reveals the limited extent of improvements undertaken to date. Consideration is given not only to physical access but also to alternative methods (intellectual access) of providing the heritage tourism service. In conclusion, the situation is examined from three perspectives. From the disabled tourists' perspective, choice of heritage attractions to visit remains restricted compared to that of nondisabled tourists. The lack of consultation with disabled stakeholders in the access improvements decision-making process is discussed, including the acceptability of alternative methods of service delivery to disabled tourists. The uncertainties facing heritage tourism service providers arising from the disability discrimination legislation are considered but, to ensure a more balanced recognition of disability interests, both conservation planning and disability discrimination legislation need to be amended, adjusting the roles of the legislative gatekeepers.

A fuzzy multi-criteria decision approach for enhanced auto-tracking of seismic events

The main activity carried out by the geophysicist when interpreting seismic data, in terms of both importance and time spent is tracking (or picking) seismic events. in practice, this activity turns out to be rather challenging, particularly when the targeted event is interrupted by discontinuities such as geological faults or exhibits lateral changes in seismic character. In recent years, several automated schemes, known as auto-trackers, have been developed to assist the interpreter in this tedious and time-consuming task. The automatic tracking tool available in modem interpretation software packages often employs artificial neural networks (ANN's) to identify seismic picks belonging to target events through a pattern recognition process. The ability of ANNs to track horizons across discontinuities largely depends on how reliably data patterns characterise these horizons. While seismic attributes are commonly used to characterise amplitude peaks forming a seismic horizon, some researchers in the field claim that inherent seismic information is lost in the attribute extraction process and advocate instead the use of raw data (amplitude samples). This paper investigates the performance of ANNs using either characterisation methods, and demonstrates how the complementarity of both seismic attributes and raw data can be exploited in conjunction with other geological information in a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to achieve an enhanced auto-tracking performance.

Automatic artefact removal from event-related potentials via clustering

This paper outlines a method for automatic artefact removal from multichannel recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs). The proposed method is based on, firstly, separation of the ERP recordings into independent components using the method of temporal decorrelation source separation (TDSEP). Secondly, the novel lagged auto-mutual information clustering (LAMIC) algorithm is used to cluster the estimated components, together with ocular reference signals, into clusters corresponding to cerebral and non-cerebral activity. Thirdly, the components in the cluster which contains the ocular reference signals are discarded. The remaining components are then recombined to reconstruct the clean ERPs.

The hanging man: death, indeterminacy and the event

This article discusses approaches to the interpretation and analysis an event that is poised between reality and performance. It focuses upon a real event witnessed by the author while driving out of Los Angeles, USA. A body hanging on a rope from a bridge some 25/30 feet above the freeway held up the traffic. The status of the body was unclear. Was it the corpse of a dead human being or a stuffed dummy, a simulation of a death? Was it is tragic accident or suicide or was it a stunt, a protest or a performance? Whether a real body or not, it was an event: it drew an audience, it took place in a defined public space bound by time and it disrupted everyday normality and the familiar. The article debates how approaches to performance can engage with a shocking event, such as the Hanging Man, and the frameworks of interpretation that can be brought to bear on it. The analysis takes account of the function of memory in reconstructing the event, and the paradigms of cultural knowledge that offered themselves as parallels, comparators or distinctions against which the experience could be measured, such as the incidents of self-immolation related to demonstrations against the Vietnam War, the protest by the Irish Hunger Strikers and the visual impact of Anthony Gormley’s 2007 work, 'Event Horizon'. Theoretical frameworks deriving from analytical approaches to performance, media representation and ethical dilemmas are evaluated as means to assimilate an indeterminate and challenging event, and the notion of what an ‘event’ may be is itself addressed.