Interpersonal and attitudinal factors in women's work role: Cross-cultural comparison

The last four decades have seen a dramatic increase in the number of women entering employment. This is particularly true in Europe and although more European women are working outside the home, the patterns of female employment have changed very little. An analysis of these patterns is presented. It was found that women continue to dominate specific fields, particularly teaching and service providing. An investigation of the interpersonal behavior differences among 117 American women from the southeastern United States in three work roles--homemakers, women in traditional occupations, and in nontraditional occupations--was conducted and the sex-role orientation, attitudes toward success, and demographic indicators were examined in order to consider the interplay of these variables with female occupational role and interpersonal behavior. A second focus of the study is on the cross-cultural comparison of the psychological and work variables in women of two different cultures: America and Portugal. Thirty-one Portuguese women were a preliminary comparison sample. The American results showed significant differences between groups in self-perceived interpersonal behaviors and the findings contradicted current stereotypes. The cross-cultural data, although preliminary, indicates differences between the countries in social desirability, aggressive and assertive behaviors, and in sex-role attitudes, which seem to reflect the different stages of economic development. (MKA)

Cultural circuits of climate change in U.K. broadsheet newspapers, 1985–2003

This article argues for a cultural perspective to be brought to bear on studies of climate change risk perception. Developing the “circuit of culture” model, the article maintains that the producers and consumers of media texts are jointly engaged in dynamic, meaning-making activities that are context-specific and that change over time. A critical discourse analysis of climate change based on a database of newspaper reports from three U.K. broadsheet papers over the period 1985–2003 is presented. This empirical study identifies three distinct circuits of climate change—1985–1990, 1991–1996, 1997–2003—which are characterized by different framings of risks associated with climate change. The article concludes that there is evidence of social learning as actors build on their experiences in relation to climate change science and policy making. Two important factors in shaping the U.K.’s broadsheet newspapers’ discourse on “dangerous” climate change emerge as the agency of top political figures and the dominant ideological standpoints in different newspapers.

As relações bilaterais entre Portugal e a China: enquadramento histórico-económico e distância cultural

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação Empresarial

How does banking industry influence economic growth in Latin American countries?

Mestrado em Finanças

Consciência cultural no trabalho das ONGD em Moçambique:dilemas e escolhas

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Africanos

El centro de interpretación del paisaje natural, histórico y cultural del norte cordobés, sede Ischilín, como un instrumento para el desarrollo regional: la planificación estratégica de la localidad de Ischilín como un modelo estructurante microregional

El proyecto cierra una investigación tendiente a sustentar una intervención de Diseño Territorial que rescatase en su proceso al patrimonio cultural y paisajístico natural, configurándolo como un instrumento para su desarrollo humano sustentable, ordenamiento y resignificación de área de planificación, acentuando la identidad local y promoviendo un turismo de valores culturales y sociales. La primer etapa de la investigación SIP1 (2002-2003), desarrolló estos contenidos como una Planificación Estratégica General de la Región Norte de Córdoba con una escala de aproximación de gran extensión. La segunda etapa SIP2 (2004-2006) se centró en la planificación de un área testigo de escala media de aproximación donde se validasen las hipótesis propuestas para la protección ambiental, conservación del patrimonio natural y cultural, uso sustentable turístico del territorio y configuración de oportunidades de desarrollo humano con alta calidad de vida. La tercer etapa, la actual, SIP3 (2007 – 2008) en una escala de aproximación muy cercana y particularizada, consiste en la fundamentación de una legislación necesaria y común para todos los asentamientos urbanos del área, presentando al Poblado de Ischilín como modelo de una pieza componente síntesis y generadora del Parque Regional Paisajístico Cultural y de servicios para el Desarrollo Social de la Región Norte de Córdoba, propuesto en la primer etapa de la investigación. Sus elementos componentes considerados son: •Teselas microterritoriales repropuestas. •Tejido conectivo de protección, desarrollado y de reconstrucción ambiental •Sistema de corredores de vinculación entre teselas y regiones •Áreas especiales de revalorización o innovación paisajística •Nodos de intercambio y de localización del equipamiento cultural y para el desarrollo personal y social: el Centro, Áreas y Sendas de Interpretación.

El proyecto cultural de Leopoldo Lugones

En las obras de Lugones se encuentra subyacente un proyecto cultural que intentará trasladar a la vida del país. Este proyecto apunta a consolidar un concepto de Nación que no tiene otro propósito más que el de asumir, madurar e incorporar ejes culturales presentes, ya, como núcleos emergentes. Así Lugones sustenta esos ejes culturales en tres puntos básicos: la historia, el lenguaje y la estética. En torno a ellos, Lugones abrirá un importante espacio para el diálogo y para la polémica con otros escritores, como Joaquín V. González, Ricardo Rojas, Manuel Gálvez. En este marco surge la idea de paradigma, como una entidad permanente y presente, desde la que se van ajustando los diversos códigos culturales -y literarios-, para asumir una idea integradora de nación. Los textos de Lugones que se van a emplear para la realización de este trabajo tienen la particularidad de constituirse como entramados, en los que se cruzan discursos de naturaleza diferente, caracterizados por tener un poderoso sustento literario. A su vez, estos textos, en su conjunto, están planteando la pertinencia de ciertas categorías, ligadas entre sí por la idea de paradigma. Es posible asociar, en este contexto, a la idea de paradigma de la de "linaje", utilizada por Lugones en varios pasajes, en especial, de su ensayo El Payador (1916). (...) Según lo expuesto, este proyecto habrá de contemplar los siguientes momentos, generados por algunos núcleos de discusión: I. Tradición y escritura. II. Historia y lenguaje. III. Nación y cultura. Objetivo General 1. Verificar el proceso de interacción entre historia y lenguaje, como factores decisivos en la formación de tradiciones literarias. 2. Registrar la construcción de los géneros discursivos en la elaboración de los proyectos de la modernidad que se manifiesta en significados paradigmáticos como tradición-progreso, nacionalización-nacionalismo; identidad-diversidad. Objetivos específicos 1. Abrir el espacio de discusión en torno al proyecto cultural de Leopoldo Lugones, teniendo en cuenta sus motivaciones literarias e ideológicas. 2. Registrar los procedimientos de apropiación cultural, efectivizados por Lugones, como espacios de opinión y de operatividad, puestos en escena con la mediación de los diferentes códigos literarios. 3. Establecer las correspondencia y las disidencias con otros autores contemporáneos de Lugones, que hicieron posible la discusión, por la diversidad doxástica.

El ensayo argentino en la década de 1950: memoria y olvido de la variabilidad de un género en el espacio cultural argentino

La importancia del período señalado para la definición del género y para estudiar hitos decisivos de su puesta en práctica, radicaría en que se trata de una época de fluctuaciones entre formas de pensamiento aún no cristalizadas. Las oscilaciones entre los ensayos filosóficos, literarios y políticos, así como las relaciones de antinomia o de cercanía con las prácticas universitarias de esos mismos subgéneros, son constantes en ese momento y en los grupos significativos de autores a estudiar, aun en la obra de un mismo autor. De allí la riqueza histórico cultural de ese tiempo que luego, hacia el final de la década, se borraría por una absorción del pensamiento ensayístico dentro de marcos institucionales más rígidos y por una politización más evidente. El corpus a investigar estará definido de antemano por ciertos núcleos, focos de discusión o márgenes de recepción. Así, revisaríamos la producción ensayística de tres grupos de autores, sin prejuicio de ramificar luego sus diferencias específicas o agregar nuevas posibilidades de agrupamiento de conjunto. Dichos grupos se concentrarían: primero, en torno a la revista Sur (en autores como Martínez Estrada, Murena, Mallea, Rest, entre otros), cuya repercusión no puede descuidarse ya que promovería una ensayística polimorfa y extra-académica; luego, en torno a la revista Contorno (por ejemplo, Masotta, Jitrik, Viñas, etc.), que fundaría una forma de ensayo vinculada a los estudios universitarios y fuertemente politizada; y por último, algunos grupos de intelectuales o autores aislados de Córdoba (verbi gratia, Terzaga, Larrauiri, Revol, Fantini, Caracciolo), quienes mostrarían ejemplarmente el problema de los márgenes en la difusión del pensamiento y sus posibilidades de originalidad o de arcaísmo que habrían producido efectos en verdad nuevos aunque secretos. Por tratarse de un estudio exploratorio, la presente investigación se ocupará de rastrear nociones operativas en la bibliografía (por otra parte escasa) teórica e histórica, así como las producciones ensayísticas del período que no estén exhaustivamente consignadas. Se buscarán en una primera etapa abordajes teóricos que permitan definir aproximadamente la forma ensayística, no tanto para someter a contrastación dichas teorías sino más bien a fin de poder destacar y analizar las cualidades difernciales de os autores a estudiar. En una segunda etapa, procederemos a analizar y sistematizar los materiales que constituirán nuestro corpus, aunque éste se definirá más restrictivamente de acuerdo con los progresivos avances tanto de la exploración de los materiales como del análisis conceptual de éstos. Los pasos de la investigación serán: a) localización, análisis y confrontación de los problemas teóricos inherentes al ensayo e intentos de definición del género; b) rastreo, lectura y delimitación del ensayo relevado en el proyecto editor de Sur durante la década; c) análisis de las redes discursivas y de los saberes traducidos que darán lugar a la aparición del grupo de Contorno y a la reelaboración de dichos saberes; d) relevamiento y análisis de los ensayos producidos en Córdoba, como caso ejemplar de una práctica al margen de los núcleos de edición y difusión del saber, y estudio de sus relaciones con la cultura central.

Impact of wind power generation on the electricity supply industry

The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the effect wind energy has on the Electricity Supply Industry in Ireland. Wind power generation is a source of renewable energy that is in abundant supply in Ireland and is fast becoming a resource that Ireland is depending on as a diverse and secure of supply of energy. However, wind is an intermittent resource and coupled with a variable demand, there are integration issues with balancing demand and supply effectively. To maintain a secure supply of electricity to customers, it is necessary that wind power has an operational reserve to ensure appropriate backup for situations where there is low wind but high demand. This dissertation examines the affect of this integration by comparing wind generation to that of conventional generation in the national grid. This is done to ascertain the cost benefits of wind power generation against a scenario with no wind generation. Then, the analysis examines to see if wind power can meet the pillars of sustainability. This entails looking at wind in a practical scenario to observe how it meets these pillars under the criteria of environmental responsibility, displacement of conventional fuel, cost competitiveness and security of supply.

The Irish Pub: past, present – whither the future?

The purpose of this research is to examine the main economic, legislative, and socio- cultural factors that are currently influencing the pub trade in Ireland and their specific impact on a sample of publicans in both Galway city and county. In approaching this task the author engaged in a comprehensive literature review on the origin, history and evolution of the Irish pub; examined the socio-cultural and economic role of the public house in Ireland and developed a profile of the Irish pub by undertaking a number of semi-structured interviews with pub owners from the area. In doing so, the author obtained the views and opinions of the publicans on the current state of their businesses, the extent to which patterns of trade have changed over recent years, the challenges and factors currently influencing their trade, the actions they believed to be necessary to promote the trade and address perceived difficulties and how they viewed the future of the pub business within the framework of the current regulatory regime. In light of this research, the author identified a number of key findings and put forward a series of recommendations designed to promote the future success and development of the pub trade in Ireland. The research established that public houses are currently operating under a very unfavourable regulatory framework that has resulted in the serious decline of the trade over the last decade. This decline appears to have coincided initially with the introduction of the ban on smoking in the workplace and was exacerbated further by the advent of more severe drink-driving laws, especially mandatory breath testing. Other unfavourable conditions include the high levels of excise duty, value added tax and local authority commercial rates. In addition to these regulatory factors, the research established that a major impediment to the pub trade is the unfair competition from supermarkets and other off-licence retail outlets and especially to the phenomenon of the below-cost selling of alcohol. The recession has also been a major contributory factor to the decline in the trade as also has been the trend towards lifestyle changes and home drinking mirroring the practice in some continental European countries.

A comparative analysis of sustainable tourism, planning and development between Sligo and Donegal County Councils

Sustainable Development requires appropriate and continuous planning and management of economic, socio cultural and environmental resources. Tourism planning calls for continuous collaboration among tourism agencies, local authorities and local communities for success of the industry. While evidence suggests that tourism planning has been extensively documented, it is apparent that Donegal and Sligo County Councils have, in some cases failed to adequately address the significance of planning of the tourism industry for the North West of Ireland. This was investigated through interviews with chief planners of Donegal and Sligo county councils and was conducted in conjunction with the analysis of county development plans; which were formulated by both organisations involved in this study. Evidence suggests that although tourism is extensively documented by Donegal and Sligo county councils, neither of the two local authorities have developed implementation strategies to facilitate the promotion of sustainable tourism development. This research compares and analyses Donegal and Sligo county councils and how they plan for sustainable tourism development. It outlines the role of the county councils in relation to tourism planning and how Donegal and Sligo compare in how they plan for such a significant industry in the North West o f Ireland. It highlights the importance of implementation tools and methods and offers future directions that can assist in the development of sustainable tourism.

An emperical study of performance management systems in SMEs in the Republic of Ireland and the People's Republic of China : a cultural perspective

The objectives of this thesis are three. Firstly, finding and analyzing the differences of performance management system in SMEs in Ireland and China. Secondly, finding the cultural differences between China and Ireland and thirdly, integrating the research outcomes of the above research objectives, and then analyzing the effect of these cultural differences on performance management system in SMEs in China and Ireland.

A comparison of environmental licensing systems in operation in the wood panel manufacturing industry in the Northern Hemisphere

The objective of this thesis is to compare and contrast environmental licensing systems, for the wood panel industry, in a number of countries in order to determine which system is the best from an environmental and economic point of view. The thesis also examines the impact which government can have on industry and the type of licensing system in operation in a country. Initially, the thesis investigates the origins of the various environmental licensing systems which are in operation in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, France, USA and Canada. It then examines the Environmental Agencies which control and supervise industry in these countries. The impact which the type of government (i.e. unitary or federal) in charge in any particular country has on industry and the Regulatory Agency in that country is then described. Most of the mills in the thesis make a product called OSB (Oriented Strand Board) and the manufacturing process is briefly described in order to understand where the various emissions are generated. The main body of the thesis examines a number of environmental parameters which have emission limit values in the licenses examined, although not all of these parameters have emission limit values in all of the licenses. All of these parameters are used as indicators of the potential impact which the mill can have on the environment. They have been set at specific levels by the Environmental Agencies in the individual countries to control the impact of the mill. Following on from this, the two main types of air pollution control equipment (WESPs and RTOs) are described in regard to their function and capabilities. The mill licenses are then presented in the form of results tables which compare air results and water results separately. This is due to the fact that the most significant emission from this type of industry is to air. A matrix system is used to compare the licenses so that the comparison can be as objective as possible. The discussion examines all of the elements previously described and from this it was concluded that the IPC licensing system is the best from an environmental and economic point of view. It is a much more expensive system to operate than the other systems examined, but it is much more comprehensive and looks at the mill as a whole rather than fragmenting it. It was also seen that the type of environmental licensing system which is in place in a country can play a role in the locating of an industry as certain systems were seen to have more stringent standards attached to them. The type of standard in place in a country is in turn influenced by the type of government which is in place in that country.

Green furniture: sustainable design guidelines for the Irish furniture and wood products industry.

This thesis presents the research and development of sustainable design guidelines for the furniture and wood products industry, suitable for sustainably enhancing design, manufacturing and associated activities. This sustainable guideline is based on secondary research conducted on subject areas such as ‘eco’ design, ‘green’ branding and ‘green’ consumerism, as well as an examination of existing certifications and sustainable tools techniques and methodologies, national and international drivers for sustainable development and an overview of sustainability in the Irish furniture manufacturing context. The guideline was further developed through primary research. This consisted of a focus group attended by leading Irish designers, manufacturers and academics in the area of furniture and wood products. This group explored the question of ‘green branding’ saturation in the market and the viability of investing in sustainability just yet. Participants stated that they felt the market for ‘green’ products is evolving very slowly and that there is no metric or legal framework present to audit whether or not companies are producing products that really embody sustainability. All the participants believed that developing and introducing a new certification process to incorporate a sustainable design process was a viable and necessary solution to protecting Irish furniture and wood manufacturers going forward. For the purposes of the case study, the author investigated a ‘sustainable’ design process for Team woodcraft, Ltd., through the design and development of a ‘sustainable’ children’s furniture range. The case study followed a typical design and development process; detailing customer design specifications, concept development and refinement and cumulating in final prototype, as well as associated engineering drawings. Based on this primary and secondary research, seven fundamental core principles for this sustainable guideline have been identified by the author. The author then used these core principles to expand into guidelines for the basis of proposed new Irish sustainable design guidelines for the furniture and wood products industry, the concept of which the author has named ‘Green Dot’. The author suggests that the ‘Green Dot’ brand or logo could be used to market an umbrella network of Irish furniture designers and manufactures who implement the recommended sustainable techniques.