999 resultados para Ciencia - Estudo de caso


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This study evaluated the environmental impact resulting from surface water and sediment contamination by metals in a watershed affected by a tailing basin that controls effluents coming from a zinc-ore beneficiation plant. The studies combined assessments of sediment chemistry (exceedances of sediment quality guidelines), benthic assemblage structure and acute and chronic ecotoxicity. The results showed that the levels of metal contamination in sediments are not yet enough to cause deleterious effects to the biota. However, the ecotoxicity tests indicated the occurrence of chronic effects, demonstrating that other factors, as the use of fertilizers, could also be a source of contamination.

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Objective of this work was identifying superficial water quality parameters, significant to semi-arid hydrographic basins, minimizing costs of water monitoring. The Salitre river basin, an important sub-basin of the São Francisco river, was used as a case study. STD, Cl-, DO, BOD, pH, NO3-, PO4(3-), Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb were considered the most significant parameters, with concentration levels found in some stretches of the basin not compliant with the current legislation. Some of the Salitre river basin sediments may represent a risk to the quality of the water body in relation to levels of nickel and zinc.

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Mercury is a toxic metal used in a variety of substances over the course history. One of its more dubious uses is in dental amalgam restorations. It is possible to measure very small concentrations of this metal in the urine of exposed subjects by the cold vapor atomic absorption technique. The present work features the validation as an essential tool to confirm the suitability of the analytical method chosen to accomplish such determination. An initial analysis will be carried out in order to evaluate the environmental and occupational levels of exposure to mercury in 39 members of the auxiliary dental staff at public consulting rooms in the city of Araguaína (TO).

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Convinced that the " true balsam" was lost forever, Conrad Gesner described other substances with similar healing virtues. However, he was not the only one in the 16th to search for other varieties of balsamic oleoresins. The arrival of the Europeans to the Americas allowed the finding of native plants with properties similar to those of the original balsam, including Balsam of Peru, Balsam of Tolu and particularly in the Brazilian area, Balsam of Copaiba. Focusing on the Brazilian context, this paper analyzes two different moments in the transit of the newly found varieties of balsams to the pharmacopeia and materia medica.

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Currently, public policy has encouraged innovation in universities and also transference of technology to the industry. Another important stage to be considered would be the registration or filing of a patent and the economical viability study. Government programs, such as the innovation incentive program, among others, should facilitate popularization and promote interest by industry. In this work we described the steps, from the conception of the idea to the scale up going through its interest by the industry. The case study is about the glycerol conversion utilizing modified niobia as catalysts.

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The estimation of measurement uncertainty of an analytical result is an important tool to be applied for compliance to ISO IEC 17025. Through the available guides it is possible to establish procedures and criteria for the estimation of measurement uncertainty. This paper presents a case study on the estimation of measurement uncertainty in migration the test of ε-caprolactam from the polyamide 6 packages to fatty foods with determination by GC-FID. The calculation methodology used for the estimation of measurement uncertainty for the migration test was developed based on the guides EURACHEM / CITAC and ISO GUM, taking into account relevant aspects of the migration test. The expanded uncertainty estimated was approximately 23% of the concentration of migration.

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Use of clays as catalyzers in heterogeneous processes has increased significantly given their low cost, safety and commercial availability. However, interconnected political, economic, social, environmental, geological, and chemical aspects should be considered for chemical processes to satisfy sustainable development concepts. This concept requires complex thinking involving different areas of knowledge in dialogue, contrasting with classical thought, which is linear and Cartesian. Thus, this paper discusses the principles of complex thought in the concept of sustainable development exemplified by use of clay as a clean technology in organic synthesis.

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Lead and copper concentrations in drinking water increase considerably on going from municipality reservoirs to the households sampled in Ribeirão Preto (SP-Brazil). Flushing of only 3 liters of water reduced metal concentrations by more than 50%. Relatively small changes in water pH rapidly affected corrosion processes in lead pipes, while water hardness appeared to have a long-term effect. This approach aims to encourage University teachers to use its content as a case study in disciplines of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and consequently increase knowledge about drinking water contamination in locations where no public monitoring of trace metals is in place.

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Two methods using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry were developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and BTEX. Best results were obtained using DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, with 10 min extraction at 25 °C and 0.15 min desorption at 260 °C (BTEX), and PDMS/DVB fiber, with 60 min extraction at 90 °C, 10% NaCl and 5 min desorption at 270 °C (PAH). LOD intervals were 3x10-2 - 5x10-2 µg L-1 (BTEX) and 1.6x10-3 - 1.4 µg L-1 (PAH). The methods were applied to forty-five groundwater samples from monitoring wells of gas stations and only benzene level exceeded the limit established by Brazilian regulations.

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A complete analysis of oils and their fractions allows correlations to be defined between their composition and derivatives or related geological materials. This work focused on optimization and implementation of a method for separation and quantification of n-alkanes in Brazilian oil samples by urea adduction and GC-FID techniques. Ten samples with different ºAPI were analyzed in triplicate to quantify individual n-alkanes and cyclic/branched alkane fraction. For individual quantification of n-alkanes, internal standardization with deuterated n-tetracosane was used. The use of urea adduction for the separation and quantification of n-alkanes was highly effective, with recovery values of above 80%.

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This study describes the application of the Art of Scientific and Technological Search to strategically analyze areas of technological and industrial development. Application of scientific search strategies such as the creation of Patent Landscape has been shown to be useful for writing research projects, earning grants, publishing papers, drafting patent applications, and analyzing the market and economic potentials of a previous determined subject. The Patent Landscape regards a simplified analysis of technologies concerning ionic liquids patents applied in Brazil and published by Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial(INPI). A total of 93 patent applications using the keywords "ionic liquids" were found in the INPI database. Among these, 75% were nonresident applications and 25% were Brazilian resident applications. Interestingly, BASF, Chevron Industries, and the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) were discovered as higher patent applicant assignees. Differences in the patent application areas were also observed between these applicants, with new solvents and petrochemical applications as the areas of focus for the industrial applications (BASF and Chevron Industries), and energy production, catalysis, and chemical reaction media as the focus for the university applications.

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OBJETIVOS: Conhecer a percepção de mães sobre consulta ideal e a assistência prestada a seus filhos pelos alunos de Medicina da sétima fase no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário da UFSC. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, utilizando entrevista semi-estruturada em profundidade com 12 mães cujos filhos eram consultados no ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário da UFSC, por acadêmicos de Medicina da sétima fase. RESULTADOS: As mães estavam satisfeitas com o atendimento prestado pelos acadêmicos e mencionaram que os aspectos que mais as agradaram foram a relação médico-paciente - representada pela atenção, paciência e carinho -, o fornecimento de informações claras e detalhadas, em linguagem acessível, e o exame físico minucioso. Entre as limitações sentidas, foram citadas a demora das consultas e a grande quantidade de pessoas no consultório. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A relação médico-paciente foi determinante para a satisfação destas mães com o atendimento, além do exame físico minucioso. A redução no número de estudantes presentes na consulta deve ser considerada.

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O trabalho constitui um estudo de caso que aborda as versões sobre a implementação e desenvolvimentoda Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) na Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema).O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as concepções de docentes-gestores, docentes-tutores e estudantes da 1ª série do curso de Medicina sobre essa metodologia no currículo da Famema e sua relação com a formação médica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas.Os roteiros das entrevistas foram analisados por juízes, e um estudo piloto foi realizado para asua adequação. As entrevistas foram realizadas com dois gestores, 12 docentes-tutores e 12 estudantes da 1ª série do curso médico da Famema em 2002. O método utilizado para a análise das entrevistas foi o de análise de conteúdo temática. Após a elaboração das classes temáticas, estas foram avaliadas por dois juízes, e o índice de concordância com a pesquisadora foi de 94,8% e 97,43%, respectivamente. Foram definidas duas temáticas: a ABP na Famema, e a formação médica e a ABP.A análise dos dados permite considerar que: 1) o processo educacional realizado na Famema tem sido construído coletivamente; 2) o contexto de ensino-aprendizagem e da prática profissional é dinâmico e cheio de contradições e opiniões diferentes; 3) a educação permanente para os docentes é um recurso necessário, que precisa ser estendido à prática profissional dos profissionais de saúde.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer a percepção de educadores e educandos sobre a situação atual do Internato Médico e suas perspectivas. Foi realizado pelo método qualitativo, tipo estudo de caso, com a técnica de entrevista semi-estruturada. Foram sujeitos do estudo seis estudantes, oito professores e um médico residente engajados na discussão de educação médica. Segundo os entrevistados, o modelo de Internato Médico é, ainda, o tradicional, baseado em rodízio nas principais áreas médicas, podendo também incluir um período eletivo. Suas limitações são: ênfase na especialização, predomínio de estágios no hospital, descontinuidade e falta de integração dos conhecimentos. Entre as experiências com este modelo, para superar algumas de suas limitações, foram citados o Internato Rural e as práticas junto à comunidade. Quanto ao modelo ideal, mencionou-se a necessidade de ampliar o tempo em atividades práticas, utilizando metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, e de inserir os estudantes no sistema de saúde desde o início da formação, com responsabilidade crescente, nos diversos níveis de atenção, até a extinção do nome Internato. Conclui-se que ainda há um caminho a percorrer para alcançar o modelo almejado, sendo necessário maior diálogo entre os sistemas de educação superior e de saúde.