Feeding ecology and life-history strategy of nesting males in a fish with long parental care, Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus, Batrachoididae)

The Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus, like other batrachoidids, is a benthic fish species with nesting behaviour during the breeding season. During this prolonged period it engages in mating activities and remains in the nest providing parental care. It is not known whether males feed while providing parental care but it is likely that their limited mobility may restrict their diet and influence their fitness. As a consequence, egg cannibalism could occur as a life-history strategy. The aim of the present study is to ascertain the feeding behaviour of nesting males, in comparison to mature non-nesting males, and to identify potential life-history traits related to egg cannibalism. Nest-holders were sampled from artificial nests placed in an intertidal area of the Tagus estuary, only exposed during spring low tides. The diet of nest-holders was compared with that of non-nesting mature males from the same area, captured by otter trawl. The present study demonstrates that despite their constrained mobility nest-holders feed during the breeding season, although in a more opportunistic fashion than non-nesting males. Nest-holders showed a generalist feeding behaviour, with a more heterogeneous diet. Egg cannibalism was not related to male condition, paternity or brood size but showed a higher incidence early in the season when water temperatures were lower. The results suggest a possible seasonal trade-off strategy between care and energy recovery, triggered by environmental factors, where under unfavourable conditions to sustain viable eggs the male may recover energy by eating eggs, thus benefiting future reproductive success, later in the season.

The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association

Annually, the association publishes a journal, The Proceedings, which consists of papers presented at the annual meeting. Langdon Cheves and the War of 1812: Another Look at “National Honor” in South Carolina by Archie Vernon Huff, Jr. – Furman University Francis W. Pickens and the War Begins by John B. Edmunds, Jr. John Gary Evans against the Columbia State by Carlanna Hendrick Burnet Maybank and Charleston Politics in the New Deal Era by Marvin Cann

The Bee

Newspaper reporting on contemporary events of the wars in North America and Europe including the Battle of Queenston Heights and the death of Isaac Brock. News items include: Page 1: Sheaffe announcement regulating the sale of alcohol in Niagara; Myers announcement asking citizens for the return of American muskets recovered from the battle at Queenston; local notices on business claims and education; want ads for wood, straw, flour and pork for military use; announcement by the Prince Regent in Council putting an embargo on American ships. Page 2: release of American prisoners captured at Queenston; results of a battle by Riga, Latvia the French army under MacDonald against Russia; address of Emperor Alexander I of Russia to troops on declaring war on France; news of the British Navy; mediation between Spain and South American colonies; the security of Canadian properties in wartime; American ships leaving Britain with licenses. Page 3: American ships leaving Britain with licenses; Russian General Platoff’s (Platov) victory over Polish Uhlans; Battle of Salamanca with Lord Wellington. Page 4: report on the Battle of Queenston Heights and the death of Isaac Brock.

Ancaster Treason Trials proceedings, 1814 [photocopy]

The commission was charged with indicting those individuals who had committed acts of treason during the War of 1812. The commission appointed Thomas Scott, William Dummer Powell and William Campbell to preside over the proceedings. The grand jury met at Ancaster, Ont. over 18 days in May and June of 1814 to hear the testimony of those charged with treason as well as any pertinent witnesses. On June 21, 1814 the commission indicted 15 individuals and ordered them to be hanged and quartered. This commission came to be commonly known as the Ancaster Bloody Assize of 1814.

Letter Regarding Ensign Daniel Shannon's Military Pay from the Commissariat Office- 30 May 1817

A letter stating that Military Half Pay would from then on be paid from the Commissariat Office. As a result, they require a new letter of attorney. It also states the half pay amount of Daniel Shannon.

Letter from Lt.Col. Chewett to Ensign Kuck- 6 Sept 1814

Transcript (spelling and grammar retained): York 6th Sepber [September] 1814 Sir I will thank your for the Rolls and Returns of the Pickering Company due on the 1st instance that I may Make up mine to be returned to the Adjutant General – I have the honor to be Sir Your Most Obed [Obedient] W Chewett Lt Col 3rd Reg Yk [York] Militia

Land Indenture Between Daniel Robins and George Hansil- December 2, 1814

An indenture of land sold from Daniel Robins of Thorold to George Hansil of Pelham for Lot 32 (100 acres) in the 5th Concession of the Township of Wainfleet.

Page from Non-Military Ledger- 1811

A page from a non-military ledger that contains the prices of domestic items around the year 1811.

Letter to James Blott Regarding the Brock Monument- October 1859

A letter regarding a meeting in Dunnville to discuss the Brock Monument.

Wiliam Van Every's Account with Grant Kerby - 1815-1816

Account ledger for Mr. William Van Every by Grant Kerby 1815-1816

The Bombardier, and Pocket Gunner, 7th Edition- 1813

A practical military manual for officers in the Royal Regiment of Artillery. It combines training and field service manuals with lists of equipment, weights, dimensions, and equipment accuracy and performance.

The Washingtonian, Vol.III, No.156- July 12, 1813

A weekly newspaper in Windsor, Vermont that ran from 1810-1816.

Pleasant Hours: A Paper for Young Folk, Vol. III No. 20- October 6, 1863

This issue of Pleasant Hours: a paper for young folk contains an article titled "The Story of Queenston Heights".

The Columbian Newspaper vol. IV no. 1105- June 12, 1813

The "Columbian" was established by Mr. Holt in 1808 as an "organ of the Clintonians" (Journalism in the United States, from 1690-1872 By Frederic Hudson) and a replacement to the "Citizen". It was a passionate Democratic paper that supported both Jefferson and Madison. Holt later sold the "Columbian" to Alden Spooner, who published the Long Island "Star". The Columbian ceased in 1821. This issue includes the following War of 1812 topics: Page 2: copies of letters from U.S. Gen. H. Dearborn describing the U.S. attack on Ft. George 27 May 1813; letter from Gen. H. Dearborn describing U.S. pursuit of British troops at Beaver Dams and the U.S. capture of Fort Erie; list of U.S. killed and wounded in Commodore Isaac Chauncey's squadron in attack on York 27 April, 1813; list of killed and wounded in Commodore Isaac Chauncey's squadron in attack on Ft. George 27 May 1813; abstract of the cartel for the exchange of prisoners of war between Great Britain and the United States; mention of troop movements through New York on their way to the battle front; list of persons killed or lost on the privateer Saratoga; Page 3: account of the loss of the U.S. war ships the Growler and Eagle to the British; news from Quebec and Kingston of troop movements; U.S. ship Syren unsuccessfully pursues British ship Herald; account of a U.S. cargo ship being captured by a British military ship; account of U.S. ship Siro capturing British ship Loyal Sam; report from Halifax of recent British troop and ship movements; list of recent troop enrollments in various states; report of British troop build up in Kingston;

The Bee Newspaper, Vol. I, No. 13

An original Niagara area newspaper containing an account of the Battle of Queenston Heights and the death and burial of Sir Isaac Brock. The newspaper is dated October 24, 1812, eleven days after the death of General Brock. Topics of interest include: Page 1: Sheaffe announcement regulating the sale of alcohol in Niagara; Myers announcement asking citizens for the return of American muskets recovered from the battle at Queenston; local notices on business claims and education; want ads for wood, straw, flour and pork for military use; announcement by the Prince Regent in Council putting an embargo on American ships. Page 2: release of American prisoners captured at Queenston; news of the British Navy; the security of Canadian properties in wartime; American ships leaving Britain with licenses. Page 3: American ships leaving Britain with licenses Page 4: report on the Battle of Queenston Heights and the death of Isaac Brock.