Glacial to paraglacial history and forest recovery in the Oglio glacier system (Italian Alps) between 26 and 15 ka cal BP

The integrated stratigraphic, radiocarbon and palynological record from an end-moraine system of the Oglio valley glacier (Italian Alps), propagating a lobe upstream in a lateral reach, provided evidence for a complete cycle of glacial advance, culmination and withdrawal during the Last Glacial Maximum and early Lateglacial. The glacier culminated in the end moraine shortly after 25.8 +/- 0.8 ka cal BP, and cleared the valley floor 18.3-17.2 +/- 0.3 ka cal BP. A primary paraglacial phase is then recorded by fast progradation of the valley floor.

As early as 16.7 +/- 0.3 ka cal BP, early stabilization of alluvial fans and lake filling promoted expansion of cembran pine. This is an unprecedented evidence of direct tree response to depletion of paraglacial activity during the early Lateglacial, and also documents the cembran pine survival in the mountain belt of the Italian Alps during the last glaciation. Between 16.1 and 14.6 +/- 0.5 ka cal BP, debris cones emplacement points to a moisture increase favouring tree Betula and Pinus sylvestris-mugo. A climate perturbation renewed paraglacial activity. According to cosmogenic ages on glacial deposits and AMS radiocarbon ages from lake records in South-Eastern Alps such phase compares favourably with the Gschnitz stadial and with the oscillations recorded at lakes Ragogna. Langsee and Jeserzersee, most probably forced by the latest freshening phases of the Heinrich Event 1.

A further sharp pine rise marks the subsequent onset of Bolling interstadial. The chronology of the Oglio glacier compares closely with major piedmont glaciers on the Central and Eastern Alpine forelands. On the other hand, the results of the present study imply a chronostratigraphic re-assessment of the recent geological mapping of the Central Italian Alps. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Infrared non-detection of fomalhaut b: Implications for the planet interpretation

The nearby A4-type star Fomalhaut hosts a debris belt in the form of an eccentric ring, which is thought to be caused by dynamical influence from a giant planet companion. In 2008, a detection of a point source inside the inner edge of the ring was reported and was interpreted as a direct image of the planet, named Fomalhaut b. The detection was made at 600-800nm, but no corresponding signatures were found in the near-infrared range, where the bulk emission of such a planet should be expected. Here, we present deep observations of Fomalhaut with Spitzer/IRAC at 4.5 µm, using a novel point-spread function subtraction technique based on angular differential imaging and Locally Optimized Combination of Images, in order to substantially improve the Spitzer contrast at small separations. The results provide more than an order ofmagnitude improvement in the upper flux limit of Fomalhaut b and exclude the possibility that any flux from a giant planet surface contributes to the observed flux at visible wavelengths. This renders any direct connection between the observed light source and the dynamically inferred giant planet highly unlikely. We discuss several possible interpretations of the total body of observations of the Fomalhaut system and find that the interpretation that best matches the available data for the observed source is scattered light from a transient or semi-transient dust cloud. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Sounds of the City

“Sounds of the City” is a large-scale community project and exhibition commissioned by the Metropolitan Arts Centre (MAC) and led by artists from the Sonic Arts Research Centre (SARC), Queen’s University Belfast. Over a four-month period, the artists worked together with two intergenerational groups in Belfast with the aim of addressing specific sound qualities of places, events and stories. Themes that surfaced from this process constitute the basis for the exhibition which promotes listening as a form of intersecting daily life, identity and memory. Five installations address aural contexts ranging from Belfast’s industrial heritage to the local family home. These are shaped by present and past experiences of workshop participants at Dee Street Community Centre in East Belfast and Tar Isteach in North Belfast. The themes and contents of these installations center upon the relationship between sound and memory, sound and place, and the documentation of everyday personal auditory experience.
All materials exhibited have emerged through workshops, interviews and field-recording sessions. Workshops acted as a basis from which to inform each group about the project’s aims, methods of listening, methods of documenting sound and the wider areas of soundscape studies and acoustic ecology. They also provided a central point allowing participants to organize outside activities and share material for exhibition.
“Sounds of the City” explores the relationship between sound and community through everyday life and presents a dynamic and ever-changing soundscape that shapes Belfast’s identity.

Sounds of the City has been exhibited at the MAC, Belfast 2012 and at Espaço Ecco, Brasilia 2013.

Physical and dynamical characterisation of low ΔV NEA (190491) 2000 FJ10

Aims: We investigated the physical properties and dynamical evolution of near-Earth asteroid (NEA) (190491) 2000 FJ10 in order to assess the suitability of this accessible NEA as a space mission target. Methods: Photometry and colour determination were carried out with the 1.54 m Kuiper Telescope (Mt Bigelow, USA) and the 10 m Southern African Large Telescope (SALT; Sutherland, South Africa) during the object's recent favourable apparition in 2011-12. During the earlier 2008 apparition, a spectrum of the object in the 6000-9000 Angstrom region was obtained with the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope (WHT; Canary Islands, Spain). Interpretation of the observational results was aided by numerical simulations of 1000 dynamical clones of 2000 FJ10 up to 106 yr in the past and in the future. Results: The asteroid's spectrum and colours determined by our observations suggest a taxonomic classification within the S-complex although other classifications (V, D, E, M, P) cannot be ruled out. On this evidence, it is unlikely to be a primitive, relatively unaltered remnant from the early history of the solar system and thus a low priority target for robotic sample return. Our photometry placed a lower bound of 2 h to the asteroid's rotation period. Its absolute magnitude was estimated to be 21.54 ± 0.1 which, for a typical S-complex albedo, translates into a diameter of 130 ± 20 m. Our dynamical simulations show that it has likely been an Amor for the past 105 yr. Although currently not Earth-crossing, it will likely become so during the period 50-100 kyr in the future. It may have arrived from the inner or central main belt >1 Myr ago as a former member of a low-inclination S-class asteroid family. Its relatively slow rotation and large size make it a suitable destination for a human mission. We show that ballistic Earth-190491-Earth transfer trajectories with ΔV <2 km s-1 at the asteroid exist between 2052 and 2061. Based on observations made with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT).

Irradiation of oxygen and water ices at by 4 keV singly and doubly charged ions; sputtering and molecular synthesis

The icy surfaces of dust grains in the Interstellar Medium and those of comets, satellites and Kuiper Belt Objects are continuously exposed tophoton and charged particle irradiation. These energetic particles maysputter and induce chemical changes in the ices and the underlyingsurfaces.In the present work 258 nm thick O2 and H2O ices were deposited at 10 K with the thickness measured by a laser interferometer method. Asimple model fit to the reflected laser intensity as measured by aphotodiode detector enabled the refractive index of the ices to bedetermined. The ices were then irradiated with various singly and doublycharged ions such as He+, 13C+, N+, O+ , Ar+, 13C2+, N2+ and O2+ at 4keV. The decrease in ice thickness as a function of ion dose wasmonitored by a laser interferometer and the model used to determine thesputtering yield as shown in Figure 1.In the case of O2 ice thesputtering yields increased with increasing ion mass in good agreementwith a model calculation [Fama, J, Shi, R.A Baragiola, Surface Sci.,602, 156 (2007)]. In the case of O2 ice, O2+ has a significant lowersputtering yield when compared to O+. The sputtering yields for O2 icewere found to be at least 9 times larger compared to those for H2O ice.For H2O ice the sputter yields for C, N and O ions were found todecrease with increasing mass. Doubly charged C, N and O ions which werefound to have the same sputtering yield as the singly charged ionswithin the experimental errors. A preliminary TPD study was carried outusing a QMS to detect the desorbed species from water ice afterirradiation by 6 × 10^15 ions of 13C+ and 13C2+. The formation of13CO and 13CO2 was observed with the yield of 13CO almost of a factor of100 larger than of 13CO2. This is in contrast to our earlier work whereonly CO¬2 was observed.

Visible-wavelength Observations of Jupiter-family Comet Nuclei as Part of Seppcon.

We present the latest analysis and results from SEPPCoN (Survey of Ensemble Physical Properties of Cometary Nuclei). This on-going survey involves studying 100 JFCs - about 25% of the known population - at both mid-infrared and visible wave-lengths to constrain the distributions of sizes, shapes, spins, and albedos of this population. Having earlier reported results from measuring thermal emissions of our sample nuclei [1,2,3,4], we report here progress on the visible-wavelength observations that we have obtained at many ground-based facilities in Chile, Spain, and the United States. To date we have attempted observations of 91% of our sample of 100 JFCs, and at least 64 of those were successfully detected. In most cases the comets were at heliocentric distances between 3.0 and 6.5 AU so as to decrease the odds of a comet having a coma. Of the 64 detected comets, 48 were apparently bare, having no extended emission. Our datasets are further augmented by archival data and photometry from the NEAT program [5]. An important goal of SEPPCoN is to accumulate a large comprehensive set of high quality physical data on cometary nuclei in order to make accurate statistical comparisons with other minor-body populations such as Trojans, Centaurs, and Kuiper-belt objects. Information on the size, shape, spin-rate, albedo and color distributions is critical for understanding their origins and evolutionary processes affecting them.

The P/2010 A2 Asteroid Collision Confirmed by Rosetta/OSIRIS Observation

The discovery of P/2010 A2 by the LINEAR survey in January 2010 revealed an object displaying a large trail of material similar in shape to a cometary tail although no central condensation or coma could be detected. The appearance of this object in an asteroidal orbit in the inner main belt attracted attention as a potential new member of the Main Belt Comets class (MBCs) but the discovery of a nucleus, with an estimated diameter of 120 m, around 1500 km away from the trail implied that the extended object we were seeing could be the debris trail from a recent collision rather than the tail of a comet. Due to the low inclination of its orbit, it is difficult to conclude about the nature of P/2010 A2 from Earth-based data only, as different scenarios lead to the same appearance in the orbital configuration at the times of observations. We present here another set of images, acquired from the unique viewing geometry provided by ESA's Rosetta spacecraft en route to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Albeit faint (22 magnitude), the object could be observed by the high-resolution camera OSIRIS. We used a Finson-Probstein model to simulate the shape of the trail, and estimate the time of emission and β parameter (ratio between solar radiation pressure and gravity) for the dust grains. Simulations were compared to the OSIRIS images and ground based observations acquired at NTT and Palomar telescopes. Thanks to the different phase angle provided by Rosetta, we could reduce the number of solutions to a unique model, leading to the conclusive demonstration that the trail is due to a single event rather than a period of cometary activity.

Almahata Sitta (=asteroid 2008 TC3) and the search for the ureilite parent body

This article explores what the recovery of 2008 TC3 in the form of the Almahata Sitta meteorites may tell us about the source region of ureilites in the main asteroid belt. An investigation is made into what is known about asteroids with roughly the same spectroscopic signature as 2008 TC3. A population of low-inclination near-Earth asteroids is identified with spectra similar to 2008 TC3. Five asteroid families in the Main Belt, as well as a population of ungrouped asteroids scattered in the inner and central belts, are identified as possible source regions for this near-Earth population and 2008 TC3. Three of the families are ruled out on dynamical and spectroscopic grounds. New near-infrared spectra of 142 Polana and 1726 Hoffmeister, lead objects in the two other families, also show a poor match to Almahata Sitta. Thus, there are no Main Belt spectral analogs to Almahata Sitta currently known. Space weathering effects on ureilitic materials have not been investigated, so that it is unclear how the spectrum of the Main Belt progenitor may look different from the spectra of 2008 TC3 and the Almahata Sitta meteorites. Dynamical arguments are discussed, as well as ureilite petrogenesis and parent body evolution models, but these considerations do not conclusively point to a source region either, other than that 2008 TC3 probably originated in the inner asteroid belt.

A collision in 2009 as the origin of the debris trail of asteroid P/2010A2

The peculiar object P/2010A2 was discovered in January 2010 and given a cometary designation because of the presence of a trail of material, although there was no central condensation or coma. The appearance of this object, in an asteroidal orbit (small eccentricity and inclination) in the inner main asteroid belt attracted attention as a potential new member of the recently recognized class of main-belt comets. If confirmed, this new object would expand the range in heliocentric distance over which main-belt comets are found. Here we report observations of P/2010A2 by the Rosetta spacecraft. We conclude that the trail arose from a single event, rather than a period of cometary activity, in agreement with independent results. The trail is made up of relatively large particles of millimetre to centimetre size that remain close to the parent asteroid. The shape of the trail can be explained by an initial impact ejecting large clumps of debris that disintegrated and dispersed almost immediately. We determine that this was an asteroid collision that occurred around 10 February 2009.

Insight of the interface of electroless Ni-P/SiC composite coating on aluminium alloy, LM24

Electroless nickel composite coatings with silicon carbide, SiC, as reinforcing particles deposited with Ni–P onto aluminium alloy, LM24, having zincating as under layer were subjected to heat treatment using air furnace. The changes at the interface were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) to probe the chemistry changes upon heat treatment. Microhardness tester with various loads using both Knoop and Vickers indenters was used to study the load effect clubbed with the influence of second phase particles on the coating at the vicinity of the interface. It was observed that zinc was absent at the interface after elevated temperature heat treatment at 400–500 °C. Precipitation of copper and nickel with a distinct demarcation (copper rich belt) along the coating interface was seen with irregular thickness of the order of 1 μm. Migration of copper from the bulk aluminium alloy could have been the factor. Brittleness of the coating was confirmed on heat treatment when indented with Vickers. However, in composite coating the propagation of the microcrack was stopped by the embedded particles but the microcracks continue in the matrix when not interrupted by second phase particles (SiC).

The effect of heating temperature on the properties of vermiculites from Tanzania with respect to potential agronomic applications

This study was carried out to assess the properties of vermiculites from Tanzania with respect to the temperature used to expand them. Vermiculites from five locations in the Mozambique Belt of Tanzania were sampled and heated at 15, 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C in a muffle furnace. Palabora Europe Ltd provided one sample for comparison from their South Africa deposit which provides vermiculite used worldwide as a soil amendment. Water release characteristic, cation exchange capacity, pH, mass loss, and bulk density were among the properties assessed. All six vermiculites responded differently on heating, and had a significant variation in their agronomic properties. Water release characteristic varied with the degree of exfoliation and phase composition. Although vermiculites from Tanzania expanded on heating, their capacity to retain plant available water was relatively low as compared to vermiculite from Palabora. Disintegration on heating and the presence of a high amount of iron could be among the factors affecting their water release characteristic. Loss of hydroxyl water was higher in vermiculites than in hydrobiotites. Dehydroxylation enhanced the availability of exchangeable K⁺ and reduced significantly the cation exchange capacity of vermiculites. The optimum exchangeable K⁺ was obtained on heating at a temperature of 600 °C. The pH was unaffected by heating to a temperature of less than 600 °C. At higher temperature, the pH increased in some samples and was accompanied by substantial amounts of exchangeable Mg²⁺. Thus, it was concluded that initial characterization of vermiculites is essential prior to potential agricultural applications in order to optimize their agronomic potential. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Abundance and diversity of sedimentary bacterial communities in a coastal productive setting in the Western Irish Sea

The bacterial community composition and biomass abundance from a depositional mud belt in the western Irish Sea and regional sands were investigated by phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid profiling, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and barcoded pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The study area varied by water depth (12-111 m), organic carbon content (0.09-1.57% TOC), grain size, hydrographic regime (well-mixed vs. stratified), and water column phytodetrital input (represented by algal polyunsaturated PLFA). The relative abundance of bacterial-derived PLFA (sum of methyl-branched, cyclopropyl and odd-carbon number PLFA) was positively correlated with fine-grained sediment, and was highest in the depositional mud belt. A strong association between bacterial biomass and eukaryote primary production was suggested based on observed positive correlations with total nitrogen and algal polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, 16S rRNA genes affiliated to the classes Clostridia and Flavobacteria represented a major proportion of total 16S rRNA gene sequences. This suggests that benthic bacterial communities are also important degraders of phytodetrital organic matter and closely coupled to water column productivity in the western Irish Sea.

Distribution of soil selenium in China is potentially controlled by deposition and volatilization?

Elucidating the environmental drivers of selenium (Se) spatial distribution in soils at a continental scale is essential to better understand it's biogeochemical cycling to improve Se transfer into diets. Through modelling Se biogeochemistry in China we found that deposition and volatilization are key factors controlling distribution in surface soil, rather than bedrock-derived Se (<0.1 mg/kg). Wet deposition associated with the East Asian summer monsoon, and dry deposition associated with the East Asian winter monsoon, are responsible for dominant Se inputs into northwest and southeast China, respectively. In Central China the rate of soil Se volatilization is similar to that of Se deposition, suggesting that Se volatilization offsets it's deposition, resulting in negligible net Se input in soil. Selenium in surface soil at Central China is roughly equal to low petrogenic Se, which is the main reason for the presence of the Se poor belt. We suggest that both deposition and volatilization of Se could play a key role in Se balance in other terrestrial environments worldwide.

RS DOS ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM ENFERMAGEM SOBRE CUIDADOS HOSPITALARES E CUIDADOS COMUNITÁRIOS

Tema e Referencial teórico: Nas escolas, se ao nível teórico, os conceitos de holismo e cuidar, dominam as conceções subjacentes à formação dos estudantes, é o desempenho e treino de procedimentos técnico-instrumentais que é privilegiado, com os ensinos clínicos a ocorrerem maioritariamente em contextos hospitalares. A aposta nos cuidados de saúde comunitários tem um menor impacto ao nível dos currículos, quer em termos teóricos quer práticos (Correia, 2008). As RS construídas pelos estudantes expressam uma realidade simbólica, não apreensível numa primeira aproximação, mas com capacidade de mobilizar a realidade gerando e orientando comportamentos e atitudes (Formozo e Oliveira, 2010). As RS marcam o processo de construção da identidade profissional e as opções futuras pelo contexto de trabalho. Objetivos: Identificar e comparar as RS dos cuidados hospitalares e comunitários em estudantes de enfermagem do 1º e 4º ano. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa orientada pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Amostra constituída por 132 estudantes do CLE da ESESJDUE, 71 do 1º ano e 61 do 4º ano. Utilizou-se um questionário em que eram apresentados dois estímulos indutores, com recurso à técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras. Foi realizada a análise no Software IRaMuTeQ.. Salvaguardados todos os aspetos éticos relativos a estudos com seres humanos. Resultados: A partir de matrizes cruzando segmentos de texto e palavras, aplicou-se o método da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e obtivemos 4 classes. A classe 2, remete para os cuidados hospitalares e as classes 1, 3 e 4, para um conjunto de cuidados inerentes ao processo de cuidar os utentes. Na classe 1 a palavra central é ajuda, seguida de bem-estar, cuidado e sociedade, na classe 2 é enfermeiro seguida de médicos, internamento e recurso, na classe 3 é tratamento, seguida de vacina, comunicar e rastreio e na classe 4 é ensino, seguida de urgência, prevenção e promoção. Os dois grandes eixos organizadores da RS são enfermeiro, doença e tratamento, no núcleo central – cuidados hospitalares. Na nuvem de palavras, das mais evocadas destaca-se enfermeiro, doença, tratamento, prevenção, cuidado e ajuda. Conclusões: As RS dos estudantes estruturam-se em torno do papel central do enfermeiro no processo de cuidar. São os cuidados mais próximos da intervenção hospitalar que assumem destaque e posicionam o enfermeiro no centro do processo, sendo a partir daí que se concetualizam os cuidados ao doente, através do tratamento, prevenção, cuidado e ajuda. Salienta-se que as RS remetem para a importância social e especificidade do papel do enfermeiro na sociedade, evidenciados por termos como responsabilidade, ensino, promoção, educar ou apoio. Referências Bibliográficas Brito A. M. R., et al. (2011). Representações sociais de discentes de graduação em enfermagem sobre “ser enfermeiro”. Rev Bras Enferm, Brasilia 2011 mai-jun; 64(3): 527-35. Correia, Raquel (2008). Enfermeiros recém-formados e Cuidados de Saúde Comunitários: as lógicas subjacentes à escolha. Sísifo. Revista de Ciências da Educação, 05, pp. 45-58. Consultado em [maio, 2014] em http://sisifo.fpce.ul.pt Formozo GA, Oliveira DC. (2010). “Representações sociais do cuidado prestado aos pacientes soropositivos ao HIV”Rev Bras Enferm, mar-abr; 63(2): 230-7

RS dos estudantes do curso de licenciatura em enfermagem sobre cuidados hospitalares e cuidados comunitários

Tema e Referencial teórico: Nas escolas, se ao nível teórico, os conceitos de holismo e cuidar, dominam as conceções subjacentes à formação dos estudantes, é o desempenho e treino de procedimentos técnico-instrumentais que é privilegiado, com os ensinos clínicos a ocorrerem maioritariamente em contextos hospitalares. A aposta nos cuidados de saúde comunitários tem um menor impacto ao nível dos currículos, quer em termos teóricos quer práticos (Correia, 2008). As RS construídas pelos estudantes expressam uma realidade simbólica, não apreensível numa primeira aproximação, mas com capacidade de mobilizar a realidade gerando e orientando comportamentos e atitudes (Formozo e Oliveira, 2010). As RS marcam o processo de construção da identidade profissional e as opções futuras pelo contexto de trabalho. Objetivos: Identificar e comparar as RS dos cuidados hospitalares e comunitários em estudantes de enfermagem do 1º e 4º ano. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa orientada pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Amostra constituída por 132 estudantes do CLE da ESESJDUE, 71 do 1º ano e 61 do 4º ano. Utilizou-se um questionário em que eram apresentados dois estímulos indutores, com recurso à técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras. Foi realizada a análise no Software IRaMuTeQ.. Salvaguardados todos os aspetos éticos relativos a estudos com seres humanos. Resultados: A partir de matrizes cruzando segmentos de texto e palavras, aplicou-se o método da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e obtivemos 4 classes. A classe 2, remete para os cuidados hospitalares e as classes 1, 3 e 4, para um conjunto de cuidados inerentes ao processo de cuidar os utentes. Na classe 1 a palavra central é ajuda, seguida de bem-estar, cuidado e sociedade, na classe 2 é enfermeiro seguida de médicos, internamento e recurso, na classe 3 é tratamento, seguida de vacina, comunicar e rastreio e na classe 4 é ensino, seguida de urgência, prevenção e promoção. Os dois grandes eixos organizadores da RS são enfermeiro, doença e tratamento, no núcleo central – cuidados hospitalares. Na nuvem de palavras, das mais evocadas destaca-se enfermeiro, doença, tratamento, prevenção, cuidado e ajuda. Conclusões: As RS dos estudantes estruturam-se em torno do papel central do enfermeiro no processo de cuidar. São os cuidados mais próximos da intervenção hospitalar que assumem destaque e posicionam o enfermeiro no centro do processo, sendo a partir daí que se concetualizam os cuidados ao doente, através do tratamento, prevenção, cuidado e ajuda. Salienta-se que as RS remetem para a importância social e especificidade do papel do enfermeiro na sociedade, evidenciados por termos como responsabilidade, ensino, promoção, educar ou apoio. Referências Bibliográficas Brito A. M. R., et al. (2011). Representações sociais de discentes de graduação em enfermagem sobre “ser enfermeiro”. Rev Bras Enferm, Brasilia 2011 mai-jun; 64(3): 527-35. Correia, Raquel (2008). Enfermeiros recém-formados e Cuidados de Saúde Comunitários: as lógicas subjacentes à escolha. Sísifo. Revista de Ciências da Educação, 05, pp. 45-58. Consultado em [maio, 2014] em http://sisifo.fpce.ul.pt Formozo GA, Oliveira DC. (2010). “Representações sociais do cuidado prestado aos pacientes soropositivos ao HIV”Rev Bras Enferm, mar-abr; 63(2): 230-7