Minorca Island, Spain, 1780 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A topographical map of the Isle of Minorca, geometrically survey'd by the Royal Engineers, while it remained in the possesion of the French during the last war ; and digested by L.S. de la Rochette. It was published by William Faden in 1780. Scale [ca. 1:52,800]. Covers Minorca Island, Spain. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the eastern portion of the map.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, villages and other human settlements, fortifications, shoreline features, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes text and "Explanation of some Minorcan names."This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Burma, Bangladesh, & South Asia, 1825 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Burmese empire, drawn by L. Hebert. It was published by Quarr. Mastr. Genls.' Office, Horse Guards in 1825. Scale [ca. 1:2,050,000]. Covers Burma, Bangladesh, and portions of Bhutan, India, China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Asia North Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes notes. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, 1825 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island : constructed from the latest authorities, drawn by D.H. Vance ; engraved by J.H. Young. It was published by A. Finley in 1825. Scale [ca. 1:700,000]. Covers also portions of New York, New Jersey, Vermont, and New Hampshire. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic projection (Meters). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, state, county, and town boundaries, and more. Relief is shown pictorially. Includes statistical table. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Connecticut, 1780 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Connecticut and parts adjacent. It was published in 1780 by Cóvens and Mortier and Cóvens Junior. Scale [ca. 1:375,000]. Covers also portions of New York (including Long Island), New Jersey, and Rhode Island. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Connecticut State Plane Coordinate System (Feet) (FIPS 0600). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, county and town boundaries and more. Relief is shown pictorially. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Amsterdam, Netherlands, ca. 1780 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: [Plan de la grande & fameuse ville marchande d'Amsterdam = Plan van de wyd vermaarde en beroemde koop stad Amsterdam, mise au jour par Ies Iean Covens & Corneille Mortier avec privilege de Mess.rs les Etats Generaux des Provinces Unies = nieuwelks uyt gegeven door Ioannes Covens en Cornelis Mortier met previl. van de Staaten Generaal]. It was published by Iean Covens & Corneille Mortier ca. 1780. Scale [1:53,000]. Map in Dutch and French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Dutch National Grid: RD (Rijksdriehoekstelsel) GCS Amersfoort (Bessel 1841) coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, bridges, drainage, canals, wharves, docks, built-up areas and selected buildings pictorially, fortification, water mills, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes indexes. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, 1780 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte particulière du havre de Boston, réduite de la carte anglaise de J.E.S. Des Barres, écuyer ; la déclinaison de l'aiguille aimantée à été observée de 6d. 4'. N.O. en 8bre. 1778, par M. le marquis de Chabert qui à sussi déterminé à terre la latitude de divers points auxquels cette carte à été assujetie. It was published by Dépôt des cartes et plans de la marine, 1780. Scale [ca. 1:33,000]. Covers Boston Harbor and adjacent lands. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as rocks, flats, channels, points, coves, islands, and more. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. It also shows land features such as roads, settlements, drainage, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Essex County, Massachusetts, 1825 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: The county of Essex, made by John G. Hales ; engraved by J.V.N. Throop. It was published June 19th, 1825. Scale [ca. 1:90,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, public buildings, churches, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), individual dwellings, town and county boundaries and more. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Isla de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, 1780 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Isla de la Gran Canaria, por Don Tomás Lopez, geografo de los dominios de S. M., de las Reales academias de la historia, de San Fernando, de la de buenas letras de Sevilla y de la Sociedad Bascongada de los amigos del pais. It was published by se hallará este con todas las obras del autor en la Calle de las Carretas entrando por la Plazuela del Angel in 1780. Scale [ca. 1:280,000]. Covers Isla de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. Map in Spanish.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Mercator projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, land cover, cities and towns, villages and other human settlements, towers, hospitals, parishes, shoreline features, ports and anchorage points, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes note on the mapping of Isla de Gran Canaria.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Ijāzat Aḥmad ibn ʻUbayd Allāh al-ʻAṭṭār li-Muḥammad ibn Shafīʻ Sulṭān : manuscript, [ca. 1780-1800]

An ijāzah issued by Aḥmad ibn ʻUbayd Allāh al-ʻAṭṭār to his student Muḥammad ibn Shafīʻ Sulṭān. The student's name is mentioned on fol. 1v; the master's name on fol. 6r. In the ijāzah al-ʻAṭṭār traces his authority back to al-Qasṭallānī's al-Mawāhib al-ladunnīyah, then to al-Shāfiʻī, and then gives his isnād of a musalsal ḥadīth.

Entre el terror y la solidaridad : La influencia de la revolución haitiana en las independencias de Venezuela y Nueva Granada (1804-1825)

En este trabajo me propongo analizar la influencia de la revolución de Haití en las independencias de Venezuela y Colombia durante los años 1804-1825. Miintención es demostrar que las repercusiones del proceso haitiano fueron vastas, complejas y sufrieron importantes cambios durante el transcurso de los años. En líneas generales, la revolución generó pánico entre las elites criollas y peninsulares y esperanzas entre grupos de esclavos y pardos. Inicialmente los sectores criollos revolucionarios buscaron evitar todo contacto con la isla y eludir el modelo insurgente haitiano por considerar que produciría en la Tierra Firme una "guerra de razas" y una hecatombe similar a la que, en su opinión, allí había acontecido. Sin embargo, a partir de 1812-1813 debido a las dificultades de la guerra de independencia una fracción de la elite criolla comenzó a estrechar vínculos con la República del Sur de Haití a través de contactos diplomáticos y corsarios. Estas primeras relaciones, más bien tímidas, fueron la condición de posibilidad de un cambio importante que sobrevino en 1816. En dicho año, debido a la reconquista de la expedición realista, la mayoría de los líderes independentistas huyeron de Tierra Firme y tuvieron que exiliarse en Haití, uno de los pocos lugares donde encontraron refugio y apoyo. En aquel contexto, se dio el pacto entre Alexandre Petión y Simón Bolívar, por el cual el primero se comprometió a aportar armas, barcos y hombres a la causa patriota a cambio de la emancipación de los esclavos hispanoamericanos. Este acuerdo fue fundamental ya que no sólo posibilitó la exitosa contraofensiva independentista, sino que además le dio un cariz social al proceso revolucionario de Venezuela y Colombia. Así, a partir de 1816 y hasta 1821, se dieron numerosos contactos e incluso el gobierno de Jean Pierre Boyer (sucesor de Alexandre Petión) colaboró con otras dos expediciones a cargo de Gregor Mac Gregor para liberar Panamá y Río Hacha. Sin embargo, el cambio no fue total y aún durante estos años, los líderes criollos continuaron teniendo reparos frente al peligro de la explosión de un nuevo Haití en la Tierra Firme hispana. Por último, el fin de la guerra de independencia abrió un nuevo contexto en el cual aquellos miedos se intensificaron debido a la movilización social interna. Esto derivó en nuevo alejamiento y el gobierno de Colombia no sólo se negó a mantener relaciones con Haití, sino que incluso lo excluyó del Congreso de Panamá.