The life of Flora Macdonald, and her adventures with Prince Charles. With a life of the author, and an appendix giving the descendents of the famous heroine,

Mode of access: Internet.

A letter from Charles E. Pickett, to Jno. A. Eagan, secretary of the Amador miners' league, and other matter.

Photostatic reproduction, on 4 leaves, of the copy in the Bancroft Library of the University of California.

Charles O'Malley, the Irish dragoon /

Mode of access: Internet.

Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: environmental and experimental context of data sets and related literature

The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted at the data publisher PANGAEA was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.149999). By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4 000 000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived. Here we present the developments of this data compilation five years since its first description by Nisumaa et al. (2010). Most of study sites from which data archived are still in the Northern Hemisphere and the number of archived data from studies from the Southern Hemisphere and polar oceans are still relatively low. Data from 60 studies that investigated the response of a mix of organisms or natural communities were all added after 2010, indicating a welcomed shift from the study of individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. The initial imbalance of considerably more data archived on calcification and primary production than on other processes has improved. There is also a clear tendency towards more data archived from multifactorial studies after 2010. For easier and more effective access to ocean acidification data, the ocean acidification community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the data archiving effort, and help develop standard vocabularies describing the variables and define best practices for archiving ocean acidification data.

Enfermedades y muerte de Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin nació en Shrewsbury, Inglaterra, el 12 de febrero de 1809. Tuvo excelente salud, hasta su regreso, en 1836, del viaje alrededor del mundo con el Beagle. A partir de ese momento comenzó a manifestar cefaleas, palpitaciones, temblores, caries y paradentosis, catarros respiratorios, artritis, forúnculos, puntos negros en la visión, mareos, dolores abdominales, náuseas, vómitos, flatulencias, insomnio, accesos de furia, depresión y períodos de extremo agotamiento. Más allá de mejorías temporarias, estos síntomas se manifestaron durante los últimos 45 años de su vida, a pesar de lo cual pudo encontrar la entereza suficiente como para publicar 14 libros, entre ellos el genial El origen de las especies. Los diagnósticos más probables puestos a consideración por los distintos investigadores fueron un trastorno bipolar asociado a una herencia psicopatológica y la enfermedad de Chagas, que este ilustre personaje pudo haber contraído en Sudamérica. Finalmente, el 19 de abril de 1882, Darwin falleció muy probablemente a consecuencia de una patología vascular coronaria y cerebral. Sus restos se encuentran en la abadía de Westminster, junto a los de Isaac Newton.

Charles Darwin goes to school: the role of cartoons and narrative in setting science in an historical context

Science education is under revision. Recent changes in society require changes in education to respond to new demands. Scientific literacy can be considered a new goal of science education and the epistemological gap between natural sciences and literacy disciplines must be overcome. The history of science is a possible bridge to link these `two cultures` and to foster an interdisciplinary approach in the classroom. This paper acknowledges Darwin`s legacy and proposes the use of cartoons and narrative expositions to put this interesting chapter of science into its historical context. A five-lesson didactic sequence was developed to tell part of the story of Darwin`s expedition through South America for students from 10 to 12 years of age. Beyond geological and biological perspectives, the inclusion of historical, social and geographical facts demonstrated the beauty and complexity of the findings that Darwin employed to propose the theory of evolution.

Charles Wilkes, a US Exploring Expedition and the US` search for its place in the world (1838-1842)

The main focus of this essay is the first American round-the-world scientific voyage, the U. S Exploring Expedition, which took place between 1838 and 1841 and was lead by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes. Here, I discuss the purposes of this expedition in the context of the voyages of circumnavigation accomplished by the various European powers during the same period.