Avaliação dos parâmetros gasométricos dos traumatizados durante o atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gasometric differences of severe trauma patients requiring intubation in prehospital care. METHODS: Patients requiring airway management were submitted to collection of arterial blood samples at the beginning of pre-hospital care and at arrival at the Emergency Room. We analyzed: Glasgow Coma Scale, respiratory rate, arterial pH, arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2), base excess (BE), hemoglobin O2 saturation (SpO2) and the relation of PaO2 and inspired O2 (PaO2/FiO2). RESULTS: There was statistical significance of the mean differences between the data collected at the site of the accident and at the entrance of the ER as for respiratory rate (p = 0.0181), Glasgow Coma Scale (p = 0.0084), PaO2 (p <0.0001) and SpO2 (p = 0.0018). CONCLUSION: tracheal intubation changes the parameters PaO2 and SpO2. There was no difference in metabolic parameters (pH, bicarbonate and base excess). In the analysis of blood gas parameters between survivors and non-survivors there was statistical difference between PaO2, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and base excess.

Avaliação do desempenho de colírio usando soro alogênico e fatores de crescimento derivados de plaquetas em cultura de células do anel córneo-escleral

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Avaliação da dose de radiação absorvida em exames radiológicos durante o planejamento radioterápico

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Avaliação da eficácia do extrato de óleo insaponificavel de abacate e soja (Piascledine) no tratamento de doença periodontal induzida em ratos com artrite

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

Avaliação dos edeitos de Bidens pilosa L., Brassica campestris L. e sua associação sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da instabilidade atlanto-axial em indivíduos com síndrome de Down por meio de radiografias da coluna cervical

O objetivo nesta pesquisa consiste em fazer um trabalho de prevenção junto às instituições APAE (Associação de Pais e Amigos de Excepcionais) e ASIN (Associação de síndrome de Down), ambas de São José dos Campos e ASPAD (Associação de Pais e Amigos de síndrome de Down) de Jacareí, orientando e avaliando sobre a presença ou não da instabilidade atlanto-axial (IAA), assim como verificar a prevalência dessa anormalidade nesses indivíduos. Foram convidados a participar do projeto todos os indivíduos das três instituições de assistência à SD, tendo formado uma amostra com 68 indivíduos, com idades entre 2 a 34 anos, sendo 39 do sexo masculino e 29 do feminino. Foram realizadas radiografias da coluna cervical nas posições de extensão, flexão e neutra, para as quais todos os responsáveis assinaram termo de consentimento. A verificação da IAA foi feita pela análise da distância atlanto-odontóide (DAO), utilizando o programa Radiocef, com uma ferramenta criada para isso. A DAO foi analisada nas três incidências, e era considerada a presença de IAA desde que o indivíduo apresentasse valores ?4,5mm em pelo menos uma dessas posições. Após a realização dos testes estatísticos e análise dos resultados, concluímos que a prevalência de IAA foi de 22,1% dos indivíduos, com valores DAO entre 4,5 e 8,83mm, tendo sido mais prevalente nos indivíduos do sexo masculino do que feminino, assim como nas crianças do que nos jovens e adultos. Foi possível verificar também que, a posição de flexão apresentou maior prevalência de IAA, mas que ela não deve sobrepor às posições de extensão e neutra, pois pode omitir casos ausentes em flexão, mas presentes nas outras posições. Dessa forma, foi realizado o trabalho de prevenção com a avaliação da IAA por meio da realização dos exames radiográficos em que os laudos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Desenvolvimento de algoritmos para a avaliação quantitativa de imagens de fantomas mamográficos

There are many advantages when using a phantom for the evaluation of the mammographic images, one of them is to test the visibility of the distribution of objects that constitute it, and then, set the best image in order to obtain a diagnostic medical insurance, trying to reach the best risk - benefit ratio for the patient. Typically, the quality of the mammographic image is performed by subjective and quantitative assessments. This study developed algorithms that can quantitatively evaluate digital images (DICOM), obtained from mammographic phantom consisting of test objects. The results were adjusted by the response of the subjective evaluation performed by experts in radiology. This procedure aims to create an independence of the experts in radiology in daily tests of quality control in routine clinical diagnostic radiology

Avaliação das condições de uso de um equipamento de tomografia computadorizada e otimização de protocolos de crânio empregados na rotina do HCFMB-UNESP

Almost forty years computed tomography (CT) has been one of the most powerful tools in diagnostic imaging. However, this modality delivers relatively high doses to their patients. It is known that the inappropriate use and unnecessary radiation may be associated with a significant risk of cancer, especially in pediatric patients. Moreover, the quality assurance in CT, provided and required by Portaria 453/98 and the guide of the RE 1016/05, ensures that the images generated by computer tomography provide reliable diagnostic information with doses as low as reasonably achievable. This research aimed to make the quality control (QC) of CT equipment; establish a better relationship between dose and noise on the image to protocols of skull CT according to the study of optimization proposed in 2005 by Daros; and assess the dose distribution in different cranial organs for protocols of adult and pediatric use in the routine of the Department of Diagnostic Imaging of HCFMB-UNESP. The equipment used for testing QC, optimization and dosimetry was a third generation tomograph GE Sytec 3000i

Carcinoma de células de Merckel humano e sua potencial associação com o recémdescrito poliomavírus MCPyV: avaliação preliminar de biopsias e análise de casualidade

Neoplasias malignas da pele são os cênceres mais comuns da espécie humana. No entanto há tipos raros como o Carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM), cuja incidência tem aumentado em todo mundo. O CCM possui curso agressivo, com freqüente envolvimento de nódulos linfáticos regionais e metástases à distância. Adicionalmente, afeta predominantemente idosos e imunocomprometidos, fato que levou-se a suspeita de uma possível etiologia infecciosa para essa neoplasia. Nesse foi-se isolado e descrito o MCPyV, um novo poliomavirus humano, diretamente de células tumorais do CCM. O objetivo do presente trabalho é dar continuidade à pesquisa desse novo vírus apresentando dados iniciais da pesquisa do MCPyV em número significativo de casos de CCM de pacientes brasileiros. Para tanto, foram analisadas 24 biópsias de CCM fixadas e incluídas em parafina, das quais foram extraído o material genômico e o produto submetido à PCR convencional com três pares de iniciadores descritos pela literatura (LT1, LT3 e VP1), com a finalidade de se detectar segmentos do vírus. No presente estudo o genoma viral foi detectado em 11/24 (45,8%) das amostras avaliadas, sendo que a positividade para cada par de iniciadores foi de 4/24 (16,7%) para LT1, 11/24 (45,8%) para LT3 e 4/24 (16.7%) para VP1. Essas freqüências são menores do que a relatada pela literatura e essa diferença pode ser devida a diferença nas amostras analisadas e nas técnicas empregadas. Outros estudos são necessários para comprovar a relação de causalidade, assim como desvendar o ciclo do MCPyV

Avaliação do acesso e da segurança dos medicamentos disponíveis nos domicílios dos usuários cadastrados numa estratégia saúde da família de um município do Estado de São Paulo

Identificar as famílias que apresentem estoque e que façam uso de medicamentos, bem como avaliar as condições de armazenamento, segurança e uso desses produtos pelos usuários. O estudo foi conduzido em um município do estado de São Paulo e realizado com usuários cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) localizada no bairro Jardim das Hortências (uma das dez unidades de ESF que o município possui), que conta com 1132 domicílios cadastrados. Para a seleção da amostra foi realizado sorteio aleatório estratificado (134 domicílios, IC 95%). Para a coleta, realizada durante o primeiro semestre de 2011, os usuários dos domicílios selecionados foram entrevistados aplicando-se um formulário semi-estruturado. Participaram do estudo 118 (88,0%) domicílios, dos quais 112 (95,0%) possuíam medicamentos, que eram estocados em lugares inseguros ou inadequados em 75,4% destes. A automedicação – tanto com Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição (MIP), quanto com Medicamentos Sujeitos a Prescrição (MSP) e aqueles Sujeitos a Controle Especial (SCE) – era prática comum em 46 (47,4%) domicílios. Falta de identificação e segurança nos medicamentos armazenados foi observada em 60 (53,6%) domicílios. A maioria dos domicílios possui estoque de medicamentos (feito de forma inadequada ou insegura) e/ou apresenta especialidades com falta de identificação e segurança, o que pode levar a intoxicações ou inefetividade terapêutica. A Assistência Farmacêutica, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), carece de iniciativas sociais com ações voltadas ao usuário de medicamentos, deficiência que pode ser sanada pela presença do farmacêutico, essencial para a promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (URM), nas unidades da ESF, que, por meio da Atenção Farmacêutica, pode: identificar, corrigir e prevenir problemas (reais e potenciais) relacionados a medicamentos, os quais podem estar associados com agravos a saúde

Avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva do extrato hidroalcoólico de Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC

Inflammation is an immune complex-related tissue damage and / or cell caused by chemical, physical, immunological or microbial. The inflammatory process involves a complex cascade of biochemical and cellular events, including awareness and receptor activation, lysis and tissue repair. In general, tissue damage trigger a local inflammatory response by recruiting leukocytes, which release inflammatory mediators. These substances are able to sensitize nociceptors. After synaptic transmission and signal modulation by nociceptive sensory neurons, these signals are perceived as pain. Pain is an experience that involves multiple factors. The route of the supraspinal pain control originates in many brain regions, such as substance periarquedutal gray (PAG), median raphe nucleus and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and have a critical role in determining the chronic and acute pain. Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to control inflammation, which inhibit the inflammatory mediators, but can cause side effects such as stomach ulcers and cardiovascular damage. An alternative for the treatment of pain and inflammation is the use of plant species. The genus Eugenia belongs to the family Myrtaceae, one of the largest botanical families of expression in the Brazilian ecosystems. From the pharmacological point of view, studies of similar species crude extracts showed the presence of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, hypotensive, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of some species. As a class of importance in therapeutic phytochemical, the flavonoids has represented an important group with significant anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective, and are present in a significant way in the chemical composition of genus Eugenia. The project´s overall objective is to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Eugenia punicifolia (EHEP). In this work we performed acute toxicity ...

Avaliação do uso de fantomas antropomórficos na análise experimental dos fatores que afetam o contraste de imagens radiográficas

This experimental study aimed the evaluation of the use of anthropomorphic phantoms in the analysis of the influence of the acquisition parameters in the contrast of radiographic images. The analyzed factors were the variation of the peak kilovoltage (kVp) and the product of the filament circuit by the time of exposition (mAs). The influence of these factors was verified for different anthropomorphic phantoms: foot, knee and chest. The image contrast behavior with the simulators was compared to values obtained with the use of an aluminum ladder being the behavior of this reference for analysis and discussion. To assure the reproducibility of images, quality control tests were made and evaluation of procedure conditions before the experiments. The results obtained are shown in a scale of images where it was possible to evaluate the impact in the darkness of images. Regions with different compositions were analyzed which were different in image, this way the values of optical density and contrast are represented as charts and graphics. We conclude that the use of anthropomorphic phantoms in the evaluation of the influence of tension of the tube and time of exposition in the contrast of the radiographic images is not indicated for a quantitative analysis through optical density, once they present incompatible results with the data as reference as the aluminum ladder even so these simulators present a great property in qualitative analysis regarding the differentiation of structures and subjective evaluations

Desenvolvimento e validação de uma técnica quantitativa de análise de imagem para avaliação do teste do cometa corado pela prata

The comet assay is a method of DNA damage analysis widely used to quantify oxidative damage, crosslinks of DNA, apoptosis and genotoxicity of chemicals substances as chemical, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals products, among others. This technique is suitable to detect DNA strand breaks, alkali-labile sites and incomplete excision repair sites and is based on the migration of DNA fragments by microeletroforesis, DNA migrates for the anode forming a “tail”, and the formed image has the appearance of a comet. The slides can be stained with fluorescence or silver, having differences in the microscopy type used for the analysis and the possibility of storage of the slides, moreover, the first one is a stained-method with more difficulties of accomplishment. The image analysis can be performed by a visual way, however, there is a disadvantage as the subjectivity on the results, that can be minimized by an automated method of digital analysis. This process was studied in this report with the aim to perceive the validation of the digital analysis turning it a quantitative method with larger reproductibility, minimizing the variability and imprecision due to the subjective analysis. For this validation we selected 50 comets photographed in a standardized way and printed, afterwards, pictures were submitted to three experienced appraisers, who quantified them manually. Later, the images were processed by free software ImageJ 1.38x, printed and quantified manually by the same appraisers. The intraclass correlation was higher to comet measures after image processing. Following, an algorithm of automated digital analysis from the measures of the comet was developed; the values obtained were compared with those 12 estimated manually after the processing resulting high correlation among the measures. The use of image analysis systems increases ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Brassica campestris sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to promote health has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plants species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective for health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. Whereas both food intake and the oral treatment with different compounds can cause changes in gene expression and that a proper diet has been valuable as a mechanism for maintaining the body's vital functions, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of standardized extract of Brassica campestris L. in the decrease in weight and food intake control. In vivo trials of this product were conducted and studies of its effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice and with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extract orally. After 21 days the animals were killed and the effects of this product were evaluated on the daily feed intake and on body weight. According to the results obtained, the extract of Brassica campestris was not effective in reducing body weight of obese animals, and did not reduce food intake

Uma avaliação do uso do NCRP 151 na realidade brasileira

Medical Physics is an interdisciplinary field that applies concepts and laws of physics in medical practices. Currently, one of its main applications is the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of oncological diseases. Due to its wide use and highly dangerous, many of radioprotection procedures should be adopted with the objective of protecting human beings from harmful effects of radiation. Thus, you can better enjoy the benefits that the practice can offer. The methodology proposed by the National Council on Radiation Protection 151 (NCRP 151), relates technical information necessary to Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and Gamma- Ray Radiotherapy Facilities. However, many parameters used to calculate the shield are based on estimates only, and it is an international standard that may not be adequate to the Brazilian reality. Thus, the central idea of this study is the collection of data from the routine of the Radiotherapy Service of the Real e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, in particular equipment cobalt therapy Theratron 780 (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.) and the linear accelerator Varian Clinac 2100C for measurement of workload, number of patients, fields, and dose factors to determine the best use of barrier protection. Furthermore, this work features a profile of radiotherapy treatments carried out closer to the Brazilian reality