955 resultados para AMAZONÍA PERUANA
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A tese é constituída por três artigos: “Regulação Ótima de Pescarias com Imperfeito Enforcement dos Direitos de Propriedade”, “Estimação de um Modelo Generalizado de Pesca” e “Fatores Condicionantes da Reincidência Criminal no Chile”. No Capitulo 1, num contexto de enforcement imperfeito e custoso dos direitos de propriedade, é desenvolvido um modelo bioeconômico para determinar a captura ótima na exploração de recursos hidrobiológicos. Os resultados mostram que: (i) o stock do recurso em estado estacionário é menor quando o enforcement é imperfeito e custoso que quando é perfeito e sem custo, (ii) se o stock do recurso em estado estacionário com enforcement perfeito e sem custo é menor ao de máximo rendimento sustentável, então a quota de captura ótima com enforcement imperfeito e custoso é menor à respetiva quota quando o enforcement é perfeito e sem custo, e (iii) o stock do recurso em estado estacionário com enforcement imperfeito e custoso é maior ao stock do recurso quando a pescaria é de livre acesso. Contudo a gestão ótima dos recursos pesqueiros requer o conhecimento dos seus parâmetros bioeconômicos, porém implementar estudos para obter informação do stock do recurso é muito custoso e está sujeito a erros de mensuração. Assim, no Capitulo 2 são estimados os parâmetros bioeconômicos para a captura de anchoveta peruana. A metodologia baseia-se em Zhang e Smith (2011). Os parâmetros bioeconômicos são obtidos a traves de uma estimação econométrica em dois estágios utilizando dados microeconômicos associadas às embarcações que contam com permissão para capturar anchoveta. O método do bootstrap é utilizado para corrigir os erros padrão das estimativas obtidas pela metodologia em dois estágios. Os parâmetros estimados são utilizados para o stock ótimo e a captura ótima de anchoveta em estado estacionário. Assim mesmo, comparar-se o stock ótimo com o stock observado conclui-se que a pescaria da anchoveta peruana tem estado continuamente sujeita â sobre-exploração. Por último o Capitulo 3 é um esforço por estudar os fatores de reincidência criminal no Chile, uma área de pesquisa que tem sido escassamente explorada em América Latina, embora da sua importância na agenda pública e dada a crença da sociedade chilena que a criminalidade é explicada fundamentalmente por criminais reincidentes. A aproximação escolhida no presente estudo analisa a reincidência a partir da imputação. Para estudar os determinantes a reincidência, utiliza-se um modelo econométrico binário, o modelo Probit, que permite analisar como a idade, sexo, e o tipo de delitos cometidos, afetam a probabilidade de reincidência. Observa-se que na maior dos casos os estimadores apresentam o sinal esperado.
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The increasing demand for natural dyes in place of synthetic ones is justified by the non-toxicity or low toxicity of the former. The synthetic dyes are associated with diseases like cancer as well as when released in the environment takes longer to degrade and the intermediates could be still more toxic. The Annatto (Bixa Orellana L.) is a carotenoid and one of the more important natural dyes used in the food industry. In the form of dye, it represents nearly 70% of the world natural dye production and 90% in Brazil. In the present work, annatto seeds were used of the species peruana paulista, which had nearly 2.1% of bixin. The process of dye extraction with ethyl alcohol showed 4% of dye in the form of powder with particle diameter of 28mm. The extraction process did not alter the chemical composition of the dye, which was confirmed by the electronic spectrum of absorption. Dyeings were carried out with different mordents to study the total colour difference as well as the wash fastness properties and friction fastness properties under wet and dry conditions. The samples treated with copper sulphate showed colour difference but at the same time showed better fastness results. The samples treated with resin (no formaldehyde) did not alter the colour significantly still better the fastness properties. From the results, it could be stated that the resin could be an alternative for heavy metallic mordents
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We estimated population sizes of parrots in a large (Sooretama/Linhares) and a small (Porto Seguro) lowland Atlantic forest reserve, and examined their habitat associations within the reserves, and their use of forest fragments. In Sooretama, most species had estimated populations between 1000 and 20,000 individuals, but in the smaller reserve population densities were low and all but one species had population estimates < 500. Two Amazons, including the 'Endangered' Amazona rhodocorytha, were strongly linked to primary forests whereas the 'Vulnerable' Pyrrhura cruentata was associated with non-pristine forest. There was considerable movement of parrots between the Sooretama reserve and the surrounding country with Amazona species tending to fly into the reserve during the mornings, and the macaw Propyrrhura maracana flying out. Other species, notably P. cruentata and P. leucotis, were never recorded away from the reserve. Most parrot populations in the region are likely to be small, and the substantial populations around Sooretama make this reserve a parrot stronghold. It is crucial that fire, illegal logging and parrot capture are adequately controlled within Sooretama, and there is a strong argument for extending conservation management efforts to areas immediately outside the reserve. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The rare Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae is revised and its internal phylogeny and biogeography discussed. A new genus, Asphinctanilloides gen.n., including three new species, A, amazona, A. anae and A. manauara, and three new species of Leptanilloides, L. improvisa, L. legionaria and L. sculpturata are described. The only previously known species of the subfamily, L. biconstricta Mann (1923), is redescribed, and the larva of L, legionaria sp.n, is described. Keys to the genera and the species, and a phylogeny of the group are provided. Emphasis has been placed on the study of abdominal and sting characters.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The karyotypes of 12 species of Psittaciformes new to cytology are described: Lorius hypoinochrous, L. lory and Phigys solitarius of the Loriidae, and Amazona autumnallis, Aratinga jandaya, Eclectus roratus, Pionus maximiliani, P. menstruus, P. senilis, P. seniloides, Poicephalus senegalus and Polytelis alexandrae of the Psittacidae. The karyotypes of Amazona ochrocephala, Ara ararauna, Ara macao, Psittacula krameri, Psittacus erithacus and Pyrrhura molinae of the Psittacidae have been previously described. For reasons of comparison the karyotypes of Aratinga aurea, Forpus xanthopterygius, Brotogeris sanctithomae and B. versicolorus of the Psittacidae are also described. These karyotypes are compared to those in the literature and the karyological relationships in the Psittaciformes are briefly discussed. Microchromosome fusions and translocations and pericentric inversions probably are responsible for the heterogeneity of karyotypes in the Psittaciformes.
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Presentación de Alicia Bárcena
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Chronic degenerative diseases constitute one of the main causes of death at a global level, and their significant increase has alerted many countries, which are taking measures to reduce risk factors, some of which are modifiable; being the regular exercise a means of prevention and rehabilitation of these diseases. The objective of this revision is to analyze the necessary parameters to take into account for the prescription of an exercise program in patients with obesity, high blood pressure dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus type 2.
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