胶北晚中生代煌斑岩的岩石地球化学特征及其成因研究

胶北煌斑岩分别采自龙口、烟台和威海地区，包括拉辉煌斑岩、斜闪正煌岩和角闪煌斑岩，煌斑岩K—Ar全岩年龄变化于89．3～169．5Ma，为晚中生代岩浆活动的产物。在岩石化学组成上，SiO2=42．02％～54．95％，以钙碱性系列为主．岩石以富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）（Ba，U，K，Th）和LREE，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）（Nb，Ta和Ti）为特征，Mg^#=33．9～53．9，Eu／Eu^＊=0．71～0．89，^87Sr／^86Sr初始比值0．707642～0．709791，εNd（t）为-17．6～-10．4，^206Pb／^204Pb=37．588～38．431，^207Pb／^204Pb=15．423～15．531，^206Pb／^204Pb=17．204～18．179。表明煌斑岩源自俯冲陆壳（扬子下地壳）在地幔源区发生交代作用时形成的富集型地幔的部分熔融体．考虑到煌斑岩具有大陆边缘弧玄武岩的特征，我们认为煌斑岩在成因上同样与古大洋板块的俯冲作用有关，为碰撞后弧岩浆作用形成的脉岩。

峨眉山玄武岩的输送通道：云南元谋朱布岩体

朱布镁铁-超镁铁侵入岩赋存有中型硫化物铂族元素矿床。根据岩体大小和矿床储量的简单质量平衡计算，矿床的形成需要至少3000倍现存岩体体积的岩浆参与成矿，因此朱布岩体应该是峨眉山玄武岩的输送通道。岩体的年龄、地质特征、地球化学都支持这个结论。岩体的原始岩浆应该属于峨眉山高钛玄武岩.

天然有机质与多环芳烃相互作用的荧光光谱学研究—以苝、菲和蒽为例

自然界水体（如地下水、湖泊、河流及海洋）中的天然有机质（NOM）因具有显著的生态及环境功能而受到人们的广泛关注。NOM作为全球碳循环的主要组成部分，是水体中异养型微生物生长所需碳及能量的重要来源。此外，NOM对湖泊生态系统中的多种物理、化学过程具有不同程度的影响：NOM中的有机酸对淡水体系的酸度具有控制作用而且对酸沉降有一定的缓冲作用；NOM通过减弱可见光及紫外线照射从而影响淡水系统的光化学环境，这一方面降低了水体中自养生物的繁衍速度，同时保护水生生物免受有害的紫外线辐射。更为重要的是，NOM能够影响环境中污染物的命运，比如重金属离子和疏水性有机污染物与天然有机质结合后，其迁移途径、溶解度、生物可利用性及毒性受到明显的控制，这样其对环境中生物的危害性减弱。多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类对环境危害极大的疏水性有机污染物，多数PAHs对有机体具有毒性和致癌性而被美国环保署（EPA）列为优先处理的污染物。因此，确定NOM-PAHs反应的强弱，即PAHs在NOM中的分配系数（Kdoc）以及NOM的物化特性对Kdoc的影响对于预测PAHs毒性和生物可利用性大小、了解NOM-PAHs相互作用的机理及确立污染预测模型具有十分重大的意义。前人的研究结果表明，多环芳烃与天然有机质相互作用的分配系数Kdoc的与PAHs的疏水度（即Kow大小）、NOM的物化特性（如芳香度、脂肪碳含量、分子量及极性等）和水化学参数（pH、离子强度等）有很大的相关性。然而，许多学者在NOM的物化特性对分配系数的影响方面存有较大分歧。前人在研究天然有机质与多环芳烃之间的相互作用时所用的NOM多为腐殖质，即水体NOM中的疏水性组分，而其中的亲水性组分与PAHs的结合作用文献中却鲜见提及，因此人们对其结合作用的特性如反应机理和结合作用强弱等的了解十分有限。 本论文利用XAD树脂分离技术把红枫湖水体中天然有机质分成了疏水性酸、碱、中性物质和亲水性酸、碱、中性物质等六种有机组分。同时运用元素分析、有机碳分析仪、紫外－可见分光光度，高效液相体积排阻色谱、三维荧光光谱和荧光偏振技术等现代分析方法，对各有机组分的物理、化学特性进行了表征。荧光光谱技术被用于研究水化学参数对腐殖质荧光特性和分子构型的影响以及测定Amherst腐殖酸（Amherst HA）、垃圾渗滤液富里酸（LF FA）和红枫湖NOM有机组分与多环芳烃苝、菲和蒽的结合系数（分配系数、条件稳定常数）并探讨了影响分配系数的各种因素和NOM与多环芳烃相互作用的机理。本论文的获得的主要结果如下： 1. 在水化学参数对腐殖质荧光特性及分子构型的影响方面： 在NOM与PAHs相互作用过程中，腐殖质的分子构型起着关键性的作用，而其分子构型又受到其本身的浓度、溶液的pH和离子强度等水化学参数的影响。本论文运用三维荧光光谱和荧光偏振技术研究了水化学参数对腐殖质荧光特性的影响，并由此推断其分子构型变化情况。实验结果表明随着腐殖质浓度、溶液的pH和离子强度的改变，腐殖质荧光特性（如荧光强度、荧光峰位和荧光偏振值等）出现不同程度的变化，揭示了腐殖质分子构型的改变。因此，本实验结果有利于深入了解腐殖质的分子构型及其对吸附PAHs的重要影响，对理解NOM的环境行为具有一定的理论价值。 2. 运用荧光猝灭滴定法研究Amherst HA和红枫湖NOM有机组分对多环芳烃苝、菲和蒽的吸附作用，结果表明NOM对多环芳烃的吸附能力与其中芳香结构单元有很强的相关性，logKdoc值与NOM在280 nm处的摩尔吸收（ε280）和分子量有线性度较高的正比关系，而C/H原子比值对不饱和碳含量（芳香度）并没有很好的指示作用。同时，脂肪碳（0－50 ppm）中的聚亚甲基碳对吸附PAHs也有很大的贡献，而有机组分的极性与分配系数有明显的负相关性。不同种类的多环芳烃与NOM有机组分的结合能力有很大的差异，这取决于不同PAHs的疏水度大小。本研究结果有利于弥合前人在NOM物化特性对PAHs吸附能力的影响方面的分歧，揭示了NOM的组成和结构在与PAHs等疏水性有机污染物相互作用方面的重要影响。 3. 在结合机理方面，苝与NOM有机组分结合的Stern－Volmer图具有较高的线性度，这表明其结合机理以疏水反应（或分配）为主，而菲和蒽与有机组分相互作用的吸附等温线显示较多的非线性特征表明极性反应为主要反应机理，结合过程以吸附为主。在红枫湖NOM有机组分中，疏水性组分显示对PAHs较高的结合能力，同时疏水性组分与PAHs相互作用的吸附等温线具有较高的线性度。这一结果揭示了不同种类的PAHs和各NOM有机组分之间结合机理的差异，加深了人们对NOM与PAHs相互作用机理的认识。 4. 前人在研究pH、离子强度等水化学参数对分配系数的影响方面得到的结果多有矛盾之处，同时，对实验结果的解释也不尽相同。本实验结果表明分配系数随pH增加而下降；离子强度对分配系数的影响比较复杂，就总体趋势而言，增加离子强度有利于对PAHs吸附能力的提高，这一结果初步揭示了水化学参数对PAHs分配系数的影响，丰富了人们对其影响机理的认识。 5. 运用荧光偏振技术测定了蒽与Amherst HA、LF FA和红枫湖NOM有机组分的条件稳定常数，结果如下：随着NOM浓度增加，蒽的荧光偏振值不断下降，这表明蒽的分子构型由平面线性向圆柱状转变。在所有NOM样品中，土壤源的Amherst HA与蒽结合的条件稳定常数最大（pH 4时logK=5.6，pH 6时 logK=5.4）；就NOM有机组分而言，疏水性组分的logK变化范围在pH 6时为（4.4－5.2），而亲水性组分为（4.3－4.8），这表明疏水性组分具有相对较高的蒽吸附能力。实验结果有利于了解PAHs与NOM相互作用前后的分子构型变化情况，揭示了不同的NOM有机组分在吸附PAHs过程中的差异。

Microwave effects on the selective reduction of NO by CH4 over an In-Fe2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst

Microwave effects have been shown to promote the activation of NOx molecules in the process of selective reduction of NO by CH4 over an In-Fe2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst and to enhance the water tolerance of this catalyst for NO reduction.

The chemical nature of carbonaceous deposits and their role in methane dehydro-aromatization on Mo/MCM-22 catalysts

Various carbonaceous deposits are formed during the course of methane dehydro-aromatization (MDA) under non-oxidative conditions on Mo/MCM-22 catalysts. These carbon species were investigated by various temperature-programmed techniques such as TPH and TPCO2, combining with TPO and TGA results in order to reveal their chemical nature and determine their amounts. The TPO profiles recorded from coked Mo/MCM-22 catalysts show two temperature peaks: one at about 756 K and the other at about 876 K. The coke amounts related to these two peaks were determined on the basis of the corresponding corrected and deconvoluted TPO profiles, combining with the TGA profiles concerned.

Coke formation during the methanol conversion to olefins in zeolites studied by UV Raman spectroscopy

Coke formation on/in ZSM-5, USY and SAPO-34 zeolites was investigated during the methanol conversion to olefins at temperatures from 298 to 773 K using ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectroscopy. The fluorescence interference that usually obscures the Raman spectra of zeolites in the conventional Raman spectroscopy, particularly for coked catalysts, can be successfully avoided in the UV Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra are almost the same for adsorbed methanol on the three zeolites at room temperature. However, the Raman spectra of the surface species formed at elevated temperatures are quite different for the three zeolites. Coke species formed in/on SAPO-34 are mainly polyolefinic species, and in/on ZSM-5 are some aromatic species, but polyaromatic or substituted aromatic species are predominant in USY at high temperatures. Most of the coke species can be removed after a treatment with O-2 at 773 K, while some small amount of coke species always remains in these zeolites, particularly for USY. The main reason for the different behavior of coke formation in the three zeolites could be attributed to the different pore structures of the zeolites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Titanium species in titanium silicalite TS-1 prepared by hydrothermal method

The titanium species existing in titanium silicalite TS-1, which is prepared by hydrothermal method, were investigated using chemical analysis, XRD, FT-IR, Si-29 MAS NMR, UV-VIS, ESR. It has been observed that several kinds of titanium species may exist in titanium silicalite. The form that titanium atoms incorporate into the framework of titanium silicalite synthesized using tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as template differs from that using the classical method. But, the symmetry of titanium silicalite, changes from monoclinic to orthorhombic with the increase of titanium content in both methods. The Ti-O-2(-) originated from framework titanium and H2O2 has the moderate stability and may be active site in oxidation reaction. TS-1 synthesized using TPABr as template does not contain anatase, but contains a kind of partly condensed titanium species with six-fold coordination. The titanium species may correspond to 270-280 mn band in UV-VIS spectra and also can form Ti-O-2(-). But, this kind of Ti-O-2(-) is very stable and cannot be catalytic active site. So, the six-fold coordination titanium species may be inactive in both the oxidation reaction and the decomposition of H2O2. The hypothesis has been further proved by the phenomena that the titanium species is easily washed off using acid, and acid treating will not influence the catalytic performance of TS-1. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of aluminosilicate zeolites by UV Raman spectroscopy

A series of aluminosilicate zeolites are characterized by UV Raman spectroscopy for the first time, and UV Raman spectra of various zeolites give strong and clear bands with high resolution, while conventional Raman spectra of these zeolites are difficult to obtain because of a strong background fluorescence. Additionally, these zeolites show several new bands in UV Raman spectroscopy. A summary of these UV Raman spectra over various zeolites suggests that the bands at 470-530, 370-430, 290-410, and 220-280 cm(-1) can be assigned to the bending modes of 4-, 5-, 6-, and 8-membered rings of aluminosilicate zeolites, respectively. Furthermore, it is found that the band intensity of zeolites in UV Raman spectroscopy is dependent on the Si/Al ratio. Moreover, the UV Raman spectra of crystallization, for zeolite X at various times show that, in the initial stage of crystallization, the 4-membered rings (510 cm(-1)) interconnect each other to form beta -cages with 6-membered rings (390 cm(-1)), which further crystallize to zeolite X. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Anais.

2015

Gastroprotective potential of Buddleja scordioides Kunth: Effects into the modulation of antioxidant enzymes and inflammation markers in an in vivo model

Ethnopharmacological relevance: A common plant used to treat several gastric disorders is Buddleja scordioides Kunth,commonly known as salvilla. Aim of thes tudy: To detect inflammatory markers,in order to evaluate the gastroprotective potential of salvilla infusions,as this could have beneficial impact on the population exposed to gastric ulcers and colitis. Materials and methods: The present work attempted infusions were prepared with B. scordioides (1% w/w) lyophilized and stored.Total phenolic content and GC–MS analysis were performed. Wistar rats were divided into five groups a negative vehicle control,an indomethacin group,and three experimental groups,named preventive,curative,and suppressive. All rats were sacrificed under deep ether anesthesia(6h)after the last oral administration of indomethacin/infusion.The rat stomachs were promptly excised,weighed,and chilled in ice-cold and 0.9%NaCl.Histological analysis,nitrites quantification and immunodetection assays were done. Results: B.scordioides infusions markedly reduced the visible hemorrhagic lesions induced byindomethacin in rat stomachs,also showed down-regulation of COX2, IL-8 and TNFα and up-regulation of COX-1with a moderate down-regulation of NFkB and lower amount of nitrites.However,this behavior was dependent on the treatment,showing most down-regulation of COX-2,TNFα and IL-8 in the curative treatment;more down-regulation of NF-kB in the preventive treatment;and more up-regulation of COX-1 for the suppressor and preventive treatments. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory potential of B. scordioides infusions could be related with the presence of polyphenols as quercetin in the infusion and how this one is consumed.

France and the Problems of Security and Disarmament after the First World War

Jackson, Peter, 'France and the Problems of Security and Disarmament after the First World War', Journal of Strategic Studies (2006) 29(2) pp.247-280 Special Issue: Enforcing arms limits: Germany post 1919; Iraq post 1991 RAE2008

The dynamics of water in hydrated white bread investigated using quasielastic neutron scattering

Kargl, Florian; Sj?str?m, J.; Fernandez-Alonso, F.; Swenson, J., (2007) 'The dynamics of water in hydrated white bread investigated using quasielastic neutron scattering', Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 19 pp.415119 RAE2008

A model for the simulation of macroalgal population dynamics and productivity

A mathematical model to simulate the population dynamics and productivity of macroalgae is described. The model calculates the biomass variation of a population divided into size-classes. Biomass variation in each class is estimated from the mass balance of carbon fixation, carbon release and demographic processes such as mortality and frond breakage. The transitions between the different classes are calculated in biomass and density units as a function of algal growth. Growth is computed from biomass variations using an allometric relationship between weight and length. Gross and net primary productivity is calculated from biomass production and losses over the period of simulation. The model allows the simulation of different harvesting strategies of commercially important species. The cutting size and harvesting period may be changed in order to optimise the calculated yields. The model was used with the agarophyte Gelidium sesquipedale (Clem.) Born. et Thur. This species was chosen because of its economic importance as a the main raw material for the agar industry. Net primary productivity calculated with it and from biomass variations over a yearly period, gave similar results. The results obtained suggest that biomass dynamics and productivity are more sensitive to the light extinction coefficient than to the initial biomass conditions for the model. Model results also suggest that biomass losses due to respiration and exudation are comparable to those resulting from mortality and frond breakage. During winter, a significant part of the simulated population has a negative net productivity. The importance of considering different parameters in the productivity light relationships in order to account for their seasonal variability is demonstrated with the model results. The model was implemented following an object oriented programming approach. The programming methodology allows a fast adaptation of the model to other species without major software development.