Estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo de la flora acuática y su importancia en el ecosistema de la Laguna de Olomega, departamento de San Miguel, El Salvador

La Laguna de Olomega, ubicada entre los departamentos de San Miguel y La Unión; a 8 Km. al sur de la carretera Panamericana y a 16 Km. de San Miguel; presenta una rica diversidad florística; ya que con el estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo de la flora acuática, se reportan un total de 207,560 individuos distribuidos en 23 familias, 34 géneros y 37 especies, de las cuales las más representativa fue la familia Gramineae con 6 especies y las más densas las familias Salviniaceae con la especie Salvinia rotundifolia con 182,084 individuos, Hemarthria altisima con 20842, Eicchornia crassipes con 1440 especies. Se determinó que las especies presentes en la Laguna de Olomega se desarrollan en tres tipos de hábitat: emergente, flotante, riparia y sumergida. De las cuatro mencionadas, las riparias reportan 25 especies; entre las cuales existen algunas que son acuáticas y otras que se han adaptado a dicho medio. Se describen botánicamente cada una de las especies más representativas en el ecosistema de la Laguna de Olomega, siendo en total dieciséis. Esta investigación se realizó en un período de 8 semanas (época seca y lluviosa), en el cual se desarrollaron 15 muestreos utilizando el método del transecto con el método del cuadrado. El área de estudio fue de 15,000 m2; para ello se dividió el cuerpo de agua en 4 cuadrantes con base a los puntos cardinales y se colocó en cada uno de ellos 4 transectos

Resiliencia, relaciones intrafamiliares y consumo de drogas en adolescentes de bachillerato técnico

Propósito y método del estudio: El propósito del estudio fue identificar la relación de las características de resiliencia, las relaciones intrafamiliares y el consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas en los adolescentes de bachillerato del área metropolitana de Nuevo León. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo, correlacional. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 561 participantes, la cual fue estimada con una potencia 90%, nivel de confianza de .05, para una hipótesis bilateral, correlación alternativa de r= .16. El muestreo fue irrestricto aleatorio, estratificado por semestre y carrera, con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato (12 estratos), dentro de cada estrato se usó el muestreo por conglomerados (grupos) unietápico. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Escala de Resiliencia (Wagnild & Young 1993), la Escala de Relaciones Intrafamiliares (Rivera-Heredia et al., 2006), Prueba de Identificación de Trastornos por Uso de Alcohol [AUDIT] (De la Fuente & Kershenobich, 1992) y por último el Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas del Cuestionario de Estudiantes (Villatoro et. al., 2009). Contribución y Conclusión: Respecto al tipo de consumo de alcohol, se reporta que el 38.0% presenta un consumo sensato, 29% dependiente y el 33.0% dañino. De acuerdo a la prevalencia alguna vez en la vida el 46.2% y el 60.1% consumió tabaco y alcohol respectivamente, el 15.9%, el 5.0% y 4.6% consumieron mariguana, inhalables y cocaína respectivamente. En los últimos 12 meses el 28.3% y 43.7% consumieron tabaco y alcohol, 10.9%, 1.6% y el 1.4% consumieron mariguana, inhalables y cocaína. En los últimos 30 días el 18.2% y el 25% consumió alcohol y tabaco, el 8.6% consumió mariguana y el 0.7% inhalables y cocaína respectivamente. Se encontró una relación negativa y significativa de la ecuanimidad (rs=-.108, p=.010), la perseverancia (rs=-.115, p=.006), relaciones intrafamiliares (rs=-.093, p=.027), apoyo y unión (rs=-.110, p=.009), y en la expresión familiar (rs=-.103, p=.015) con la cantidad de de drogas lícitas consumidas alguna vez en la vida. Además existe una relación negativa y significativa de la resiliencia (rs =-.084, p=.047), ecuanimidad (rs=-.115, p=.007), perseverancia (rs=-.126, p=.003), la satisfacción personal (rs=-.086, p=.043), relaciones intrafamiliares (rs=-.177, p=.001), apoyo y unión (rs=-.152, p=.001), expresión (rs=-.189, p=.001) y dificultades intrafamiliares (rs=-.123, p=.003) con la cantidad de drogas ilícitas consumidas alguna vez en la vida. De acuerdo a las relaciones intrafamiliares, se encontró una relación positiva y significativa con la resiliencia (rs =.338, p=.001)

Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de ontologias para processos petroquímicos : estudo de caso em uma planta DEA

In the last decades, the oil, gas and petrochemical industries have registered a series of huge accidents. Influenced by this context, companies have felt the necessity of engaging themselves in processes to protect the external environment, which can be understood as an ecological concern. In the particular case of the nuclear industry, sustainable education and training, which depend too much on the quality and applicability of the knowledge base, have been considered key points on the safely application of this energy source. As a consequence, this research was motivated by the use of the ontology concept as a tool to improve the knowledge management in a refinery, through the representation of a fuel gas sweetening plant, mixing many pieces of information associated with its normal operation mode. In terms of methodology, this research can be classified as an applied and descriptive research, where many pieces of information were analysed, classified and interpreted to create the ontology of a real plant. The DEA plant modeling was performed according to its process flow diagram, piping and instrumentation diagrams, descriptive documents of its normal operation mode, and the list of all the alarms associated to the instruments, which were complemented by a non-structured interview with a specialist in that plant operation. The ontology was verified by comparing its descriptive diagrams with the original plant documents and discussing with other members of the researchers group. All the concepts applied in this research can be expanded to represent other plants in the same refinery or even in other kind of industry. An ontology can be considered a knowledge base that, because of its formal representation nature, can be applied as one of the elements to develop tools to navigate through the plant, simulate its behavior, diagnose faults, among other possibilities

Análise eletromiográfica do exercício de press-up com variações e diferentes níveis de estabilidade

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia

Life history of the common pandora, Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii: Sparidae) from southern Portugal

The common pandora, Pagellus erythrinus, is a commercially important seabream for coastal fisheries in the north and central eastern Atlantic. Age, growth and reproductive aspects of the southern Portuguese population were estimated by analysing 386 specimens ranging in total length (TL) from 12.0 to 44.8 cm. Ages were estimated by counting growth bands on otoliths and verified by marginal increment analysis, with specimens ranging in age from 1 to 21 years. The von Bertalanffy growth function was selected as the most adequate model to fit this species' growth, with the estimated parameters being L-inf = 47.14 cm TL, k = 0.084 year(-1) and t(0) = - 4.42 year. The gonads were analyzed macroscopically over a one-year period and the reproductive spawning season found to occur from March to July. The length at first maturity for males occurs at 17.58 cm TL and 1.15 years while females mature at slightly smaller sizes (17.29 cm TL) and younger ages (1.04 years). The results presented in this study are important for comparing this population's parameters with those of other populations of the same species occurring in other areas, as well as for future studies, for assessing eventual changes in population parameters over time.

Entrepreneurial Motivations Questionnaire: AFC and CFA in academy.

Background Entrepreneurship has been considered essential to create value, being a powerful driver of economic and social development. Academy must invest in the development of entrepreneurial skills in students ("Entrepreneurial Academy"). Objective: To analyse the psychometric proprieties of the EMQ-Entrepreneurial Motivations Questionnaire. Methods Sample: 6,532 students from 17 polytechnic Institutes of Portugal. Measure: EMQ, composed by measures of Entrepreneurial motives for the business, Entrepreneurial influences, and Support Services. Results Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for Entrepreneurial-Motives-for-thebusiness (KMO = .921, X2 = 54387.94, p < .001) extracted 4 factors, explaining 53.81 % of variance (EV): F1-Family security (19.92 % EV; M= 4.07, SD = 0.67), F2-Prestige (14.60 % EV; M= 3.25, SD = 0.75), F3- Independence (13.13 % EV; M= 3.33, SD = 0.75), and F4-Realization of an opportunity (11.15 % EV; M= 4.08, SD = 0.56). This factorial structure was supported by Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), with an acceptable fit: RMSEA = .084. EFA of Entrepreneurial-Influences (KMO = .916, X2 = 60584.93, p < .001), extracted 4 factors, EV 60.08 %: F1-Resources availability (21.25 % EV; M= 3.86, SD = 0.68), F2-Stable customers and incentives (19.70 % EV; M= 3.82, SD = 0.65), F3-Social and economic instability (11.11 % EV; M= 2.96, SD = 1.06), and F4-Opportunities in the sector and residence area (8.03 % EV; M= 3.29, SD = 0.95). This factorial structure was supported by CFA, with an acceptable fit: RMSEA = .073. EFA of Support-Services (KMO = .995, X2 = 57311.43, p < .001) extracted 2 factors, EV 58.43 %: F1-Financial support (32.59 % EV; M= 3.93, SD = 0.69) and F2-Prestige (25.84 % EV; M= 3.95, SD = 0.65). This factorial structure was supported by CFA, with an acceptable fit: RMSEA = .090. The health group showed scores mostly above global average in factors. Conclusions EMQ showed adequate psychometric properties. The instrument is useful for measuring entrepreneurships motivations in health.

An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Individuals' Age Assessment

A link between patterns of pelvic growth and human life history is supported by the finding that, cross-culturally, variation in maturation rates of female pelvis are correlated with variation in ages of menarche and first reproduction, i.e., it is well known that the human dimensions of the pelvic bones depend on the gender and vary with the age. Indeed, one feature in which humans appear to be unique is the prolonged growth of the pelvis after the age of sexual maturity. Both the total superoinferior length and mediolateral breadth of the pelvis continues to grow markedly after puberty, and do not reach adult proportions until the late teens years. This continuation of growth is accomplished by relatively late fusion of the separate centers of ossification that form the bones of the pelvis. Hence, in this work we will focus on the development of an intelligent decision support system to predict individual’s age based on a pelvis' dimensions criteria. Some basic image processing techniques were applied in order to extract the relevant features from pelvic X-rays, being the computational framework built on top of a Logic Programming approach to Knowledge Representation and Reasoning that caters for the handling of incomplete, unknown, or even self-contradictory information, complemented with a Case Base approach to computing.