O pólo calçadista de Itapetinga (BA): um estudo das relações produtivas e dos aspectos políticos do espaço industrial

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

As atividades ecoturísticas e de aventura no contexto paisagístico de São Bento do Sapucaí - SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2013

Includes bibliography.

Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2014: Challenges to sustainable growth in a new external context

Includes bibliography.

The employment situation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Recovery of employment: towards a sustainable model

The adverse effects on Latin America and the Caribbean of the global economic and financial crisis, the worst since the 1930s, have been considerably less than was once feared. Although a run of growth was cut short in 2009 and regional output shrank by 1.9%, the impact of the crisis was limited by the application of countercyclical fiscal and monetary policies by many of the region’s governments. The recovery in the economies, particularly in South America, has gone hand-in-hand with the rapid resurgence of the emerging economies of Asia, with all the favourable consequences this has had for global trade. A similar pattern may be observed regarding the impact of the crisis on labour markets in Latin America and the Caribbean. Although millions of people lost their jobs or had to trade down to lower-quality work, levels of employment (including formal employment) fell by less than originally foreseen. At the same time, real wages rose slightly in a context of falling inflation. The labour market thus stabilized domestic demand, and this contributed to the recovery that began in many countries in late 2009. Improved international trade and financing conditions, and the pick-up in domestic demand driven by macroeconomic policies, have led different commentators to estimate growth in the region’s economy at some 6% in 2010. As detailed in the first part of this edition of the Bulletin, the upturn has been manifested at the regional level by the creation of formal employment, a rise in the employment rate, a decline in joblessness and a moderate increase in real wages. Specifically, it is estimatedthat the regional unemployment rate will have dropped by 0.6 percentage points, from 8.1% in 2009 to 7.5% in 2010. The performance of different countries and subregions has been very uneven, however. On the one hand, there is Brazil, where high economic growth has been accompanied by vigorous creation of formal jobs and the unemployment rate has dropped to levels not seen in a long time. Other countries in South America have benefited from strong demand for natural resources from the Asian countries. Combined with higher domestic demand, this has raised their economic growth rates and had a positive impact on employment indicators. On the other hand, the recovery is still very weak in certain countries and subregions, particularly in the Caribbean, with employment indicators continuing to worsen.Thus, the recovery in the region’s economy in 2010 may be characterized as dynamic but uneven. Growth estimates for 2011 are less favourable. The risks associated with the imbalances in the world economy and the withdrawal of countercyclical fiscal packages are likely to cause the region to grow more slowly in 2011. Accordingly, a small further reduction of between 0.2 and 0.4 percentage points in the unemployment rate is projected for 2011. However, these indicators of recovery do not guarantee growth with decent work in the long term. To bolster the improvement in labour market indicators and generate more productive employment and decent work, the region’s countries need to strengthen their macroeconomic policies, improve regional and global policy coordination, identify and remove bottlenecks in the labour market itself and enhance instruments designed to promote greater equality. Like the rest of the world, the Latin American and Caribbean region is also confronted with the challenge of transforming the way it produces so that its economies can develop along tracks that are sustainable in the long term. Climate change and the consequent challenge of developing and strengthening low-carbon production and consumption patterns will also affect the way people work. A great challenge ahead is to create green jobs that combine decent work with environmentally sustainable production patterns. From this perspective, the second part of this Bulletin discusses the green jobs approach, offering some information on the challenges and opportunities involved in moving towards a sustainable economy in the region and presenting a set of options for addressing environmental issues and the repercussions of climate change in the world of work. Although the debate about the green jobs concept is fairly new in the region, examples already exist and a number of countries have moved ahead with the application of policies and programmes in this area. Costa Rica has formulated a National Climate Change Strategy, for example, whose foremost achievements include professional training in natural-resource management. In Brazil, fuel production from biomass has increased and social housing with solar panelling is being built. A number of other countries in the region are making progress in areas such as ecotourism, sustainable agriculture and infrastructure for climate change adaptation, and in formalizing the work of people who recycle household waste. The shift towards a more environmentally sustainable economy may cause jobs to be destroyed in some economic sectors and created in others. The working world will inevitably undergo major changes. If the issue is approached by way of social dialogue and appropriate public policies, there is a chance to use this shift to create more decent jobs, thereby contributing to growth in the economy, the construction of higher levels of equality and protection for the environment.

Integration in Latin America - Trends and Challenges

Regional trade agreements have had a significant presence in the design of international and productive policies in Latin American and Caribbean countries since the early 1950s. Fifty years later, the region has not reached the degree of economic inter-relation found, for instance, in Western Europe, but the concern with promoting regional integration has been a tradition in an impressive amount of speeches and declarations by policy makers in the last decades. The weakening of multilateral negotiations and the multiplicity of bilateral agreements with countries in other regions might affect regional trade both via trade diversion and through investment decisions, considering a larger time horizon. International capital movement might affect exchange rates and output growth, hence influencing trade. At the same time the need for new, broader negotiating agenda, from simply dealing with trade issues to taking into consideration topics not directly related to trade but rather to competition, labour standards, environmental issues and others increase the difficulties in designing integration strategies. Even more so if the group of countries that aim at integrating their economies present markedly different characteristics. This article – an extension of a presentation made at the German Development Institute Conference on Regional Economic Integration Beyond Europe held in Bonn in December, 2007 - discusses these and other aspects related to regional integration in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas: A Perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean 2015-2016

In this, the sixth in the series of documents entitled “Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas,” the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) analyze the trends in, and outlook for, the macroeconomic and sectoral contexts, agriculture, rural well-being, and policies and the institutional framework in the sector. The document presents proposals for policies needed to enable the region’s agriculture to regain its former buoyancy and to enhance the development of rural areas. It also includes recommendations designed to mitigate the impact of the economic slowdown in agriculture, spur higher agricultural productivity in the region, foster the integrated management of natural resources, and facilitate the successful incorporation of family farmers, young people, and rural women into agricultural value chains.

O processo de desenvolvimento geoeconômico do complexo agroindustrial cooperativista na mesorregião norte central paranaense

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Aumento da produtividade: utilizando a metodologia Six Sigma e Lógica Fuzzy, um estudo de caso em uma empresa do Pólo Industrial de Manaus – PIM

Este trabalho utiliza a metodologia six sigma com o objetivo de aumentar a produtividade da Linha de LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) em uma fábrica do Pólo Industrial de Manaus - PIM e um sistema de inferência fuzzy para mensurar o aumento dessa produtividade, onde foram identificados vários parâmetros baseados na metodologia six sigma. Dentre os quais, conforme grau de relevância dos especialistas deste estudo, pode-se destacar: desperdícios, capacidade produtiva e estudo de tempos. Ressaltando ainda que o sistema proposto seja de grande importância para profissionais e pesquisadores da gestão da produção, os quais desejam resultados que reduzam custos e conseqüentemente aumente os lucros da organização.

Prazer-sofrimento e saúde no trabalho com automação: estudo com operadores em empresas japonesas no Pólo Industrial de Manaus

A atual configuração do mundo do trabalho caracteriza-se pela complexidade e intensificação dos riscos à saúde do trabalhador. A presente tese aborda trabalho e saúde a partir do referencial da psicodinâmica de Dejours, privilegiando a categoria prazer-sofrimento, no contexto do trabalho com automação no Pólo Industrial de Manaus - PIM. Visando situar os aspectos macroeconômicos, apresenta-se a condição sócio-econômica dos operadores e o contexto da reestruturação produtiva do PIM, que se caracterizou por intensificação da automação. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a organização de trabalho com automação e seus desdobramentos sobre a saúde dos operadores e das operadoras de máquina de inserção automática, focalizando o prazer-sofrimento e seus reflexos sobre o processo de saúde-adoecimento. Elegeu-se a abordagem qualitativa, em consonância com a fundamentação teórico-metodológica de Dejours. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada na área de inserção automática das duas empresas de origem japonesa, de grande porte, do segmento eletroeletrônico do PIM. Participaram como sujeitos 21 operadores de máquinas (dez de uma e onze de outra empresa). A principal fonte de dados foi a fala dos sujeitos, que responderam a uma entrevista individual semi-estruturada. Para a análise de dados foi realizada uma articulação da sistemática da Grounded Theory à base psicodinâmica, como opção de técnica qualitatativa adequada a entrevistas individuais. A preocupação com a “qualidade” se destacou como categoria central, mostrando-se presente em todas as esferas da organização de trabalho e modulando a vivência de prazer-sofrimento: dentre as principais fontes de prazer, realizar o trabalho com perfeição foi reiteradamente mencionado; em contrapartida, o medo de errar é uma das principais fontes de sofrimento, causa permanente de tensão, agravante do risco de adoecimento. O prazer provém da identificação com a tarefa de operar máquinas, de alta tecnologia, sem cometer erros; aprender mais e dominar a “tecnologia de ponta” é uma fonte de mobilização subjetiva. O sofrimento decorre da sobrecarga de trabalho, mal remunerado, sob intensa pressão por “qualidade”. Para suportar o sofrimento, os trabalhadores constroem estratégias coletivas de defesa: usam gracejos direcionados aos colegas que cometem erros, interpretados como recurso para reduzir o sofrimento originário do medo de falhar. Utilizam ainda grande diversidade de estratégias individuais de defesa, reflexo do individualismo. O reconhecimento, considerado na psicodinâmica como via privilegiada para a ressignificação do sofrimento, é pouco presente: menos de metade dos operadores se considera devidamente reconhecido por seu trabalho; mencionam os baixos salários como evidência da falta de reconhecimento. Em uma das empresas também falta o reconhecimento simbólico, agravando o sofrimento. O predomínio do sofrimento sobre o prazer no trabalho conduz a um desequilíbrio que resulta no uso exacerbado de defesas: manifestam-se as patologias sociais do trabalho, dentre as quais foi identificada a patologia da sobrecarga, relacionada à carga excessiva de trabalho que é importa aos operadores e às operadoras, pois à aquisição de máquinas corresponde a redução de pessoas. O sofrimento no trabalho, no PIM, está sendo intensificado com a automação, inserida no contexto de super-exploração do trabalho, integrante da organização flexível do capital.

A expansão do capital e as dinâmicas da fronteira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Os ventos e seus impactos na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP) entre 2005 e 2010: um análise através dos jornais e dos boletins de ocorrência

The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds

Diagóstico ambiental de empreendimentos do distrito industrial Antônio Crepaldi – Presidente Prudente/SP

Recently, the environmental concern has grown due to the higher awareness about the availability and the importance of natural resources for survival on the Earth. So, laws and regulations were implemented aiming the environmental preservation. It has being developed new systems, technologies and techniques in order to minimize wastage of resources and minimize waste generation that may cause environmental impacts, in order to abide by the laws and regulations. These techniques and systems have been developed mostly for the industrial sector, because it’s one of the most responsible for the waste generation and impacts. One of the most employed systems is the environmental management, performed during the environmental diagnosis of the area/activity. So, this study aimed the environmental assessment and the establishment of proposals for the mitigation of the most significant environmental impacts generated in five industries of the Antonio Crepaldi industrial district – Presidente Prudente, in order to contribute to environmental issues and provide greater efficiency in the productive process of these industries... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Arranjos de desenvolvimento da educação: uma alternativa partilhada de gestão municipal da educação

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Mobiliário em habitações de caráter social: avaliação de sua adequação espacial em núcleos habitacionais na cidade de Marília - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)