Proteinkinase B- und TGFβ1-Signalwege : Untersuchungen zu ihrer Interaktion bei der Th-Zelldifferenzierung

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2012

Estudo comparativo entre métodos de contrôle quantitativo da produção leiteira

This paper deals with the estimation of milk production by means of weekly, biweekly, bimonthly observations and also by method known as 6-5-8, where one observation is taken at the 6th week of lactation, another at 5th month and a third one at the 8th month. The data studied were obtained from 72 lactations of the Holstein Friesian breed of the "Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (Piracicaba), S. Paulo, Brazil), being 6 calvings on each month of year and also 12 first calvings, 12 second calvings, and so on, up to the sixth. The authors criticize the use of "maximum error" to be found in papers dealing with this subject, and also the use of mean deviation. The former is completely supersed and unadvisable and latter, although equivalent, to a certain extent, to the usual standard deviation, has only 87,6% of its efficiency, according to KENDALL (9, pp. 130-131, 10, pp. 6-7). The data obtained were compared with the actual production, obtained by daily control and the deviations observed were studied. Their means and standard deviations are given on the table IV. Inspite of BOX's recent results (11) showing that with equal numbers in all classes a certain inequality of varinces is not important, the autors separated the methods, before carrying out the analysis of variance, thus avoiding to put together methods with too different standard deviations. We compared the three first methods, to begin with (Table VI). Then we carried out the analysis with the four first methods. (Table VII). Finally we compared the two last methods. (Table VIII). These analysis of variance compare the arithmetic means of the deviations by the methods studied, and this is equivalent to compare their biases. So we conclude tht season of calving and order of calving do not effect the biases, and the methods themselves do not differ from this view point, with the exception of method 6-5-8. Another method of attack, maybe preferrable, would be to compare the estimates of the biases with their expected mean under the null hypothesis (zero) by the t-test. We have: 1) Weekley control: t = x - 0/c(x) = 8,59 - 0/ = 1,56 2) Biweekly control: t = 11,20 - 0/6,21= 1,80 3) Monthly control: t = 7,17 - 0/9,48 = 0,76 4) Bimonthly control: t = - 4,66 - 0/17,56 = -0,26 5) Method 6-5-8 t = 144,89 - 0/22,41 = 6,46*** We denote above by three asterisks, significance the 0,1% level of probability. In this way we should conclude that the weekly, biweekly, monthly and bimonthly methods of control may be assumed to be unbiased. The 6-5-8 method is proved to be positively biased, and here the bias equals 5,9% of the mean milk production. The precision of the methods studied may be judged by their standard deviations, or by intervals covering, with a certain probability (95% for example), the deviation x corresponding to an estimate obtained by cne of the methods studied. Since the difference x - x, where x is the mean of the 72 deviations obtained for each method, has a t distribution with mean zero and estimate of standard deviation. s(x - x) = √1+ 1/72 . s = 1.007. s , and the limit of t for the 5% probability, level with 71 degrees of freedom is 1.99, then the interval to be considered is given by x ± 1.99 x 1.007 s = x ± 2.00. s The intervals thus calculated are given on the table IX.

The relation of the concentration of macronutrients in the substrate and in the foliage to cell wall thickness and cellulose concentration in the xylem of slash pine (Pinus elliotti)

Sand culture experiments, using a sub-irrigation technique, were installed in order to find out the effects of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S on growth, aspect, mineral composition, length of fibers, thickness of cell wall and cellulose concentration in slash pine. The aim was to obtain, under controlled conditions, basic information which could eventually lead to practical means designed to increase the rate of growth and to make of slash pine a richer source of cellulose. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Nitrogen was supplied initially at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; phosphorus was given at the rates of 5, 10 and 20 ppm; potassium was supplied at the rates of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; six months after the experiment was started the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Others macro and all micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates. Fifteen hours of illumination per day were provided. The experimental technique for growing the slash pine seedlings proved quite satisfactory. Symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed, described and recorded in photographs and water colors. These informations will help to identify abnormalities which may appear under field conditions. Chemical analysis of the several plant parts, on the other hand, give a valuable means to assess the nutritional status of slash pine, thus confirming when needed, the visual diagnosis. The correctness of manurial pratices, on the other hand, can be judged with the help of the analytical data tabulated. Under the experimental conditions nitrogen caused the highest increases on growth, as measured by increments in height and dry weights, whereas the effects of phosphorus and potassium were less marked. Cellulose concentration was not significantly affected by the treatments used. Higher levels of N seemed to decrease both length of fiber elements and the thickness of cell wall. The effects of P and K were not well defined. Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Calcium was supplied initially at the levels of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm; magnesium and sulfur were given at the rates of 6, 12.5 and 25 ppm. Other macro and micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates, common to all treatments. Three months after starting the experiment the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Symptoms of deficiency of calcium, magnesium and sulfur were observed, described and recorded as in the case of the previous experiment. Chemical analysis were made, both for mineral content and cellulose concentration. Length of fibers and thickness of cell wall were measured. Both calcium and magnesium increase height, sulfur failing to give significant response. Dry weight was beneficially affected by calcium and sulfur. The levels of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in the needles associated with deficiency and maximum growth are comparable with those found in the literature. Cellulose concentration increased when the level of sulfur in the substrate was raised. The thickness of cell wall was negatively affected by the treatments; no effect was observed with regards to length of fibers.

"Eczema in psoriatico" : closing the gap between palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar chronic contact dermatitis : a clinical, histological and immunohistological study

Magdeburg, Univ., Med. Fak., Diss., 2014

Higher order finite elements and the fictitious domain concept for wave propagation analysis

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Maschinenbau, Diss., 2014

Bilinear H 2-optimal Model Order-Reduction with applications to thermal parametric systems

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Mathematik, Diss., 2015

Upsala Academies Matrikel : 1841 / Utgifven af Aug. Th. Låstbom.

1841

Line-fitting method of model order reduction for elastic multibody systems

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Maschinenbau, Diss., 2015

Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles :des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises /par M. E. Descourtilz ; peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz.

ct. 1

Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles :des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises /par M. E. Descourtilz ; peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz.

ct. 2

Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles :des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises /par M. E. Descourtilz ; peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz.

ct. 3

Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles :des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises /par M. E. Descourtilz ; peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz.

ct. 4

Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles :des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises /par M. E. Descourtilz ; peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz.

ct. 5

Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles :des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises /par M. E. Descourtilz ; peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz.

ct. 6

Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles :des colonies Françaises, Anglaises, Espagnoles et Portugaises /par M. E. Descourtilz ; peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz.

ct. 7