Análise fisiológica e ultra-estrutural durante o desenvolvimento e a secagem de sementes de soja

Durante o desenvolvimento e a secagem, vários mecanismos de proteção atuam na manutenção da qualidade fisiológica de sementes. Alguns desses mecanismos mantêm a integridade das membranas celulares, o que é fundamental para o perfeito funcionamento do metabolismo celular. O estudo de ultra-estrutura além de permitir a visualização dos danos causados pela secagem na ausência de mecanismos de proteção, permite, ainda, a observação do início da efetividade destes mecanismos. Neste trabalho, foram estudados os danos durante o desenvolvimento e a secagem de sementes de soja, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e testes fisiológicos. Para isso, foram colhidas sementes em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, que foram submetidas a diferentes temperaturas e tratamentos de secagem. Foram feitas avaliações quanto à qualidade fisiológica das sementes por meio dos testes de germinação, teste de frio, teste de emergência em condições controladas e condutividade elétrica. Os danos de membrana foram observados por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), utilizando-se microscópio LEO Evo40. Concluiu-se que as sementes de soja tornam-se tolerantes a dessecação quando possuem em torno de 30% de teor de água. A secagem em sementes de soja com teor de água acima de 30% provoca danos de membrana que diminuem a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Os maiores valores de germinação em sementes de soja são alcançados quando estas atingem cerca de 30% de grau de umidade no campo e os maiores valores de vigor em sementes de soja são alcançados quando estas atingem cerca de 40% de grau de umidade no campo.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Tabebuia avellanedae e Tabebuia impetiginosa submetidas à ultra-secagem

O objetivo no trabalho foi estudar o comportamento fisiológico de sementes de Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb (sin. Handroanthus impetiginosus Mart. Ex DC.) e T. impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl (sin. Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos) com diferentes teores iniciais de água, armazenadas por 360 e 600 dias, respectivamente, em diferentes condições de temperatura. Foi determinado o grau de umidade das sementes e obtidas amostras controle (12,7% para T. avellanedae e 5,4% para T. impetiginosa). As sementes remanescentes foram submetidas à secagem para a obtenção dos demais teores de água (7,4 e 2,9% para T. avellanedae e 2,4% para T. impetiginosa). Amostras de sementes de T. avellanedae, de todos os teores de água, foram armazenadas a 10, 20 e -20 °C e de T. impetiginosa a 10 e -196 °C e submetidas a avaliações fisiológicas no momento do armazenamento e após 40, 120, 200, 280 e 360 dias para T. avellanedae e após 120, 240, 360, 480 e 600 dias para T. impetiginosa. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, separadamente por espécie e época de armazenamento. A comparação das médias foi realizada pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Baixos teores de água associados a baixas temperaturas de armazenamento favorecem a conservação de sementes de Tabebuia avellanedae e T. impetiginosa. Para sementes de T. avellanedae, a qualidade fisiológica foi mantida por 360 dias, quando armazenadas com teor de água entre 2,9 e 7,4% a 10 ou -20 ºC. Sementes de T. impetiginosa com teores de água entre 2,4 e 5,4% mantiveram a qualidade fisiológica por 600 dias, a 10 e -196 ºC.

Effect of loading type on the fatigue strength of symmetric and asymmetric welded joints made of ultra high strength steel

In this study, finite element analyses and experimental tests are carried out in order to investigate the effect of loading type and symmetry on the fatigue strength of three different non-load carrying welded joints. The current codes and recommendations do not give explicit instructions how to consider degree of bending in loading and the effect of symmetry in the fatigue assessment of welded joints. The fatigue assessment is done by using effective notch stress method and linear elastic fracture mechanics. Transverse attachment and cover plate joints are analyzed by using 2D plane strain element models in FEMAP/NxNastran and Franc2D software and longitudinal gusset case is analyzed by using solid element models in Abaqus and Abaqus/XFEM software. By means of the evaluated effective notch stress range and stress intensity factor range, the nominal fatigue strength is assessed. Experimental tests consist of the fatigue tests of transverse attachment joints with total amount of 12 specimens. In the tests, the effect of both loading type and symmetry on the fatigue strength is studied. Finite element analyses showed that the fatigue strength of asymmetric joint is higher in tensile loading and the fatigue strength of symmetric joint is higher in bending loading in terms of nominal and hot spot stress methods. Linear elastic fracture mechanics indicated that bending reduces stress intensity factors when the crack size is relatively large since the normal stress decreases at the crack tip due to the stress gradient. Under tensile loading, experimental tests corresponded with finite element analyzes. Still, the fatigue tested joints subjected to bending showed the bending increased the fatigue strength of non-load carrying welded joints and the fatigue test results did not fully agree with the fatigue assessment. According to the results, it can be concluded that in tensile loading, the symmetry of joint distinctly affects on the fatigue strength. The fatigue life assessment of bending loaded joints is challenging since it depends on whether the crack initiation or propagation is predominant.

Real-time adaptive control of ultra-fast laser scribing process with spectrometer online monitoring

There exist several researches and applications about laser welding monitoring and parameter control but not a single one have been created for controlling of laser scribing processes. Laser scribing is considered to be very fast and accurate process and thus it would be necessary to develop accurate turning and monitoring system for such a process. This research focuses on finding out whether it would be possible to develop real-time adaptive control for ultra-fast laser scribing processes utilizing spectrometer online monitoring. The thesis accurately presents how control code for laser parameter tuning is developed using National Instrument's LabVIEW and how spectrometer is being utilized in online monitoring. Results are based on behavior of the control code and accuracy of the spectrometer monitoring when scribing different steel materials. Finally control code success is being evaluated and possible development ideas for future are presented.

The law of the sea: the United States, Canada and the deep seabed

The Falkland Islands War of 1982 was fought over competing claims to sovereignty over a group of islands off the east coast of South America. The dispute was between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina claims the islands under rights to Spanish succession, the fact that they lie off the Argentine coast line and that in 1833 Great Britain took the islands illegally and by force. The United Kingdom claims the islands primarily through prescription--the fact that they have governed the islands in a peaceful, continuous and public manner since 1833. The British also hold that the population living on the islands, roughly eighteen hundred British descendants, should be able to decide their own future. The United Kingdom also lays claim to the islands through rights of discovery and settlement, although this claim has always been challenged by Spain who until 1811 governed the islands. Both claims have legal support, and the final decision if there will ever be one is difficult to predict. Sadly today the ultimate test of sovereignty does not come through international law but remains in the idea that "He is sovereign who can defend his sovereignty." The years preceding the Argentine invasion of 1982 witnessed many diplomatic exchanges between The United Kingdom and Argentina over the future of the islands. During this time the British sent signals to Argentina that ii implied a decline in British resolve to hold the islands and demonstrated that military action did more to further the talks along than did actual negotiations. The Argentine military junta read these signals and decided that they could take the islands in a quick military invasion and that the United Kingdom would consider the act as a fait accompli and would not protest the invasion. The British in response to this claimed that they never signaled to Argentina that a military solution was acceptable to them and launched a Royal Navy task force to liberate the islands. Both governments responded to an international crisis with means that were designed both to resolve the international crisis and increase the domestic popularity of the government. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was facing an all-time low in popularity for post-War Prime Ministers while Argentine President General Galtieri needed to gain mass popular support so he could remain a viable President after he was scheduled to lose command of the army and a seat on the military junta that ran the country. The military war for the Falklands is indicative of the nature of modern warfare between Third World countries. It shows that the gap in military capabilities between Third and First World countries is narrowing significantly. Modern warfare between a First and Third World country is no longer a 'walk over' for the First World country.

The wars of the gulls; : an historical romance in three chapters; chap. I, Shewing how and why and with whom the gulls went to war: chap. II, Shewing how the gulls make the deep to boil like a pot: chap. III, Shewing how a certain doughty general of the gulls goes forth to play the game of hull-gull in Upper Canada.

Transcribed on front paste-down: W.G. Phelps Oct. 29 1890.

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 8 - Little Deep Cut in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal in Thorold South. Identified structures associated with the Canal include the Little Deep Cut and the towing path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads (ex. Road to Beaverdams and Road to Allanburgh), two unnamed bridges, the Spoil Bank, a pond, and the Back Water. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 29 and 30, Jacob Keefer, John Brown, William Bouck, C. Gisso, and a property reserved for Bridge Tender.

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 15 - Deep Cut in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal in the Thorold Township just south of Allanburgh. Identified structures and features associated with the Canal include the Deep Cut and the towing path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads (ex. Road to Port Robinson), and the Spoil Bank. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 142 and 143, John J. Church, Henry Vanderburgh, and Martin Delamatter and G. Coulter.

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 16 - Deep Cut in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal in the Thorold Township between Allanburg and Port Robinson. Identified structures and features associated with the Canal include the Deep Cut and the towing path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads (ex. Road to Port Allanburg), and the Spoil Bank. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 185, 186, and 187, J. J. Church and H. Vanderburgh. Four properties adjacent to the canal are outlined in blue and labeled J through M, with L and K belonging to John Beatty, M belonging to John Coulter, and J belonging to G. Jordan (formerly belonging to John Coleman Jordan).

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 17 - Deep Cut and Port Robinson

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal at Port Robinson. Identified structures and features associated with the Canal include the Deep Cut, Old Channel of Canal, and the towing path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads (ex. Road to Port Allanburg), the Spoil Bank, an island, several bridges, and a church. Several unidentified structures are present but not labeled. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 202, 203, and 204. Lot 203 is divided into several properties labeled A - J. Owners of these properties include James McCoppen, John Coulter, James Griffith, John C. Jordan, W. Hendershot, John Greer, Charles Richards, C. Stuart, and S. D. Woodruff. Other property owners include D. McFarland.