Caratterizzazione meccanica di lastre multistrato in materiale plastico con migliorata reazione al fuoco

Si caratterizza dal punto di vista del carico di rottura la lastra ondulata leggera multistrato in materiale plastico dell'azienda Edil Plast Srl. Si valuta la reazione al fuoco della grecata e si introducono i concetti fondamentali dell'incendio, della combustione e dei ritardanti di fiamma. Si presenta una panoramica delle normative vigenti in Italia e in Europa. Si cerca di inserire appositi antifiamma nella mescola della lastra grecata in modo da ottenere una migliorata reazione al fuoco.

Metodi di analisi dei dati relativi alla sostenibilità ed ai consumi energetici dell’ambiente costruito

Nell' elaborato vengono descritti gli studi conseguiti sia a livello internazionale che nazionale riguardanti la sostenibilità e i consumi energetici dell' ambiente costruito, passando dai problemi di occupazione, crescita economica e riduzione di emissioni di gas ad effetto serra, proseguendo poi con gli obiettivi da adottare in termini anche di circular economy e industria 4.0 per arrivare ad un unico grande scenario, ovvero quello della Riqualificazione Energetica degli Edifici.

Gräs från våtmark som additiv i bränslepellets : Effekter på pelletskvalitet och energiförbrukning

Because of global warming the energy production development has progressed towards more renewable energy sources. Biomass has great potential in this matter and pellet is already a big market that has increased seven times the past decade. A periodically strained woodchip resource market and statements of short supply in the future has got actors exploring opportunities with other commodities. Grasses such as Canary grass has shown great potential in this matter and in this study a wetland grass is tested as an additive, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, and 1,9%, with spruce woodchips. The test production series was performed at a production unit located at the department of environmental and energy system at Karlstad University, Karlstad. Quality was controlled accordingly to the European standard and parameters such as energy consumption, moisture content, mechanical durability and bulk density was tested. For comparison, a sample with only spruce wood chips was produced, and a sample containing 1% of a commonly used additive, potato starch. The results showed that a decrease in energy consumption with 14% when 2% wetland grass was added, part of the decline may be due to the increased production flow compared with the reference sample. The positive effects on decrease in energy consumption, that 1% potato starch results in, is equal to reults from 1% wetlandgrass. This indicates lubricating properties in wetlandgrass. This is attributed to that herbaceous plants have a high content of extracts such as waxes and that they cause less friction in the press. Tests also showed that pellet with wetland grass did not qualify the European standard in terms of mechanical durability. Extracts can form a weak boundary layer in the pellet and cause this. A possible trend shows a better mechanical durability with more grass in pellets. The presence of different size of particles can be a reason. Moisture content qualifies according to the European standard but is below optimum 8%. This despite to relatively high moisture content in the mixer. Higher moisture content in the press would certainly result in a generally higher quality. Suggestions for future studies are to produce pellets with greater distribution on the wetland grass added, to easier interpret a connection. Also examine the extracts behavior with different moisture content. For a sustainable development accordingly renewable energy it is important to ensure the future commodity market for pellets. Further studies should be performed to help the development of alternative raw materials in conjunction with pellet production.