Perfil de competencias de la formación docente en los institutos superiores pedagógicos del país

El objeto central de esta tesis es el análisis del perfil de competencias del currículo de la formación docente de los Institutos Superiores Pedagógicos del país. En el capítulo I se utiliza como herramienta un recorrido por el concepto de competencia desde la óptica de varios autores, para relacionar dichas concepciones con el desempeño de las personas en el ámbito educativo. Se destaca como punto de convergencia la combinación de atributos: conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y valores que refuerzan la idea de integralidad de la competencia. Se establece que la educación por competencia es un nuevo enfoque educativo para satisfacer necesidades de la sociedad del conocimiento respecto del desarrollo de capacidades en las personas. En el capítulo II se realiza un análisis de la formación de docentes para la Educación Básica, desde el planteamiento curricular oficial, de instituciones y personas expertas, considerando que el desarrollo de competencias potencia las capacidades personales y profesionales. Se concluye que la formación de docentes para la Educación General Básica es la alternativa viable para que se desarrollen competencias en la niñez y juventud en edad escolar y que deberá tener articulación con los modelos educativos de los otros niveles de educación o extenderse a todo el sistema educativo nacional. En el capítulo III se tratan las dimensiones del diseño curricular, el perfil que se construye como un enunciado de capacidades profesionales para la docencia, evidenciadas en los seis semestres de formación en los ámbitos: Aprendizaje, Prácticas pre- profesionales e Investigación, características, fundamentación teórica y análisis de su aplicación.

Evocación de Carlos Calderón Chico (In Memoriam)

En este texto el autor rinde tributo al periodista, escritor, editor y gestor cultural Carlos Calderón Chico, quien falleció en Guayaquil a inicios del año 2013. Se da cuenta del hombre, del ser humano, su relación intensa y siempre controversial con su medio, los amigos y, de manera particular, su pasión por los libros, que lo llevó, en un trabajo de continuas búsquedas y exploraciones, a conformar una de las bibliotecas que es todo un referente en su ciudad natal, Guayaquil, y en todo el país. El legado de Calderón Chico se expresa –al decir del autor– a más de sus acciones en varias instituciones culturales, en diversos títulos que recogen lo que fue su labor como periodista cultural, antólogo y cronista.

Desarrollar un modelo de transferencia de fondos en una sociedad financiera privada, en el país

El interés por desarrollar esta tesis, para la obtención del título de Magister en Finanzas y Gestión de Riesgo, es introducir la gestión de Modelos de Transferencia de Fondos en una Sociedad Financiera privada en el país, a fin de comprender la contribución marginal de cada unidad de negocio al valor total de la institución. Importante es la identificación de las unidades de negocio o canales de captación, y así mismo las unidades que pueden destruir valor con el fin de eliminarlas y por otro lado las que generan valor. Lo que usualmente surge, es el preconcepto de que la solución pasa por aumentar ingresos y disminuir los costos, para esto existen muchas maneras e iniciativas sin embargo hay que ir más allá y esto significa, no solo aumentar una comisión o disminuir costos, sino mantener ventajas competitivas, aspectos estratégicos en cuanto a clientes, canales, unidades de negocio, productos, etc. El método más difundido para determinar la contribución de los diferentes componentes del negocio a la rentabilidad total de una entidad financiera es, el de su asignación mediante precios de transferencia. Estos son calculados mediante la aplicación de un modelo de transferencia, en el caso de la sociedad financiera, incluyen: costo financiero debido a la tasa interés nominal de captación; gastos administrativos que implican la gestión de dichas captaciones; y, el costo de cubrir el riesgo de liquidez de la organización, mediante la cobertura de los diferentes requerimientos de liquidez (normativos y operativos), considerando todas las fuentes proveedoras y usuarias de fondos de una institución financiera. Si a estos precios le agregamos la pérdida esperada de la cartera (riesgo de crédito) y la pérdida esperada por riesgo operativo, tenemos un precio de transferencia total sobre el cual, cualquier operación de crédito que se coloque sobre ese precio, agregará valor económico a la sociedad financiera.

El futuro de la cooperación en Ecuador, las opciones del país con la Unión Europea: TLC o MERCOSUR (Otros Temas)

La cooperación internacional es parte de la política internacional, por tanto se presenta condicionada a ella; las innumerables contradicciones que esta muestra desde su propia creación, la falta de objetivos concretos, los nuevos actores (sector privado) y el cambio en la relación jerárquica norte-sur, hacen pensar que en la actualidad, las reglas básicas de la cooperación se ven influenciadas por un cambio en las jerarquías tradicionales y el nuevo tipo de poder.

Linking Canadian Harvested Juvenile American Black Ducks to Their Natal Areas Using Stable Isotope (δD, δ13C, and δ15N) Methods

Understanding source-sink dynamics of game birds is essential to harvest and habitat management but acquiring this information is often logistically and financially challenging using traditional methods of population surveys and banding studies. This is especially true for species such as the American Black Duck (Anas rubripes), which have low breeding densities and extensive breeding ranges that necessitate extensive surveys and banding programs across eastern North America. Despite this effort, the contribution of birds fledged from various landscapes and habitat types within specific breeding ranges to regional harvest is largely unknown but remains an important consideration in adaptive harvest management and targeted habitat conservation strategies. We investigated if stable isotope (δD, δ13C, δ15N) could augment our present understanding of connectivity between breeding and harvest areas and so provide information relevant to the two main management strategies for black ducks, harvest and habitat management. We obtained specimens from 200 hatch-year Black Duck wings submitted to the Canadian Wildlife Service Species Composition Survey. Samples were obtained from birds harvested in Western, Central, and Eastern breeding/harvest subregions to provide a sample representative of the range and harvest rate of birds harvested in Canada. We sampled only hatch-year birds to provide an unambiguous and direct link between production and harvest areas. Marine origins were assigned to 12%, 7%, and 5% of birds harvested in the Eastern, Central, and Western subregions, respectively. In contrast, 32%, 9%, and 5% of birds were assigned, respectively, to agricultural origins. All remaining birds were assigned to nonagricultural origins. We portrayed probability of origin using a combination of Bayesian statistical and GIS methods. Placement of most eastern birds was western Nova Scotia, eastern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and southern Newfoundland. Agricultural birds from the Central region were consistent with the Saguenay region of Québec and the eastern claybelt with nonagricultural birds originating in the boreal. Western nonagricultural birds were associated with broad boreal origins from southern James Bay to Lake of the Woods and east to Cochrane, Ontario. Our work shows that the geographic origins, landscape, and habitat associations of hatch-year Black Ducks can be inferred using this technique and we recommend that a broad-scale isotopic study using a large sample of Canadian and US harvested birds be implemented to provide a continental perspective of source-sink population dynamics.

The dynamics of threat, fear and intentionality in the conduct disorders: longitudinal findings in the children of women with post-natal depression

This paper considers how environmental threat may contribute to the child's use of avoidant strategies to regulate negative emotions, and how this may interact with high emotional reactivity to create vulnerability to conduct disorder symptoms. We report a study based on the hypothesis that interpreting others' behaviours in terms of their motives and emotions - using the intentional stance - promotes effective social action, but may lead to fear in threatful situations, and that inhibiting the intentional stance may reduce fear but promote conduct disorder symptoms. We assessed 5-year-olds' use of the intentional stance with an intentionality scale, contrasting high and low threat doll play scenarios. In a sample of 47 children of mothers with post-natal depression ( PND) and 35 controls, children rated as securely attached with their mothers at the age of 18 months were better able to preserve the intentional stance than insecure children in high threat scenarios, but not in low threat scenarios. Girls had higher intentionality scores than boys across all scenarios. Only intentionality in the high threat scenario was associated with teacher-rated conduct disorder symptoms, and only in the children of women with PND. Intentionality mediated the associations between attachment security and gender and conduct disorder symptoms in the PND group.

Learning and natal host influence host preference, handling time and sex allocation behaviour in a pupal parasitoid

The host choice and sex allocation decisions of a foraging female parasitoid will have an enormous influence on the life-history characteristics of her offspring. The pteromalid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae is a generalist idiobiont pupal parasitoid of many species of cyclorrhaphous Diptera. Wasps reared in Musca domestica were larger, had higher attack rates and greater male mating success than those reared in Drosophila melanogaster. In no-choice situations, naive female R vindemiae took significantly less time to accept hosts conspecific with their natal host. Parasitoids that emerged from M. domestica pupae spent similar amounts of time ovipositing in both D. melanogaster and M. domestica. Those parasitoids that had emerged from D. melanogaster spent significantly longer attacking M. domestica pupae. The host choice behaviour of female P. vindemiae was influenced by an interaction between natal host and experience. Female R vindemiae reared in M. domestica only showed a preference among hosts when allowed to gain experience attacking M. domestica, preferentially attacking that species. Similarly, female parasitoids reared on D. melanogaster only showed a preference among hosts when allowed to gain experience attacking D. melanogaster, again preferentially attacking that species. Wasp natal host also influenced sex allocation behaviour. While wasps from both hosts oviposited more females in the larger host, M. domestica, wasps that emerged from M. domestica had significantly more male-biased offspring sex ratios. These results indicate the importance of learning and natal host size in determining R vindemiae attack rates. mating success, host preference and sex allocation behaviour, all critical components of parasitoid fitness.

Cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger during post-natal development in the rat: Changes in mRNA expression and sarcolemmal activity

We examined Na+–H+exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1) mRNA expression in ventricular myocardium and its correlation with sarcolemmal NHE activity in isolated ventricular myocytes, during postnatal development in the rat. The expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA did not change in ventricular myocardium between 2 and 42 days after birth. Therefore, at seven time points within that age range, GAPDH expression was used to normalize NHE-1 mRNA levels, as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. There was a progressive five-fold reduction in NHE-1 mRNA expression in ventricular myocardium from 2 days to 42 days of age. As an index of NHE activity, acid efflux rates (JH) were determined in single neonatal (2–4-day-old) and adult (42-day-old) ventricular myocytes (n=16/group) loaded with the pH fluoroprobe carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1. In HEPES-buffered medium, basal intracellular pH (pHi) was similar at 7.28±0.02 in neonatal and 7.31±0.02 in adult myocytes, but intrinsic buffering power was lower in the former age group. The rate at which pHirecovered from a similar acid load was significantly greater in neonatal than in adult myocytes (0.36±0.07v0.16±0.02 pH units/min at pHi=6.8). This was reflected by a significantly greaterJH(22±4v9±1 pmol/cm2/s at pHi=6.8), indicating greater sarcolemmal NHE activity in neonatal myocytes. The concomitant reductions in tissue NHE-1 mRNA expression and sarcolemmal NHE activity suggest that myocardial NHE-1 is subject to regulation at the mRNA level during postnatal development.