Self-similar community structure in a network of human interactions

We propose a procedure for analyzing and characterizing complex networks. We apply this to the social network as constructed from email communications within a medium sized university with about 1700 employees. Email networks provide an accurate and nonintrusive description of the flow of information within human organizations. Our results reveal the self-organization of the network into a state where the distribution of community sizes is self-similar. This suggests that a universal mechanism, responsible for emergence of scaling in other self-organized complex systems, as, for instance, river networks, could also be the underlying driving force in the formation and evolution of social networks.

Escala d’orientació de xarxa

En el marc d'una investigació més àmplia sobre transicions escolars i el paper de les xarxes socials et demanem que contestis les preguntes següents sobre les teves relacions personals. Et preguem que llegeixis amb atenció les preguntes i contestes amb sinceritat. Agraïm molt la teva col·laboració.

Cuestionario de redes personales. Red amplia

En el marco de una investigación más amplia sobre transiciones escolares y el papel de las redes sociales te pedimos que contestes las preguntas siguientes acerca de tus relaciones personales. Te rogamos que leas con atención las preguntas y contestes con sinceridad. Agradecemos mucho tu colaboración.

Cuestionario de redes personales. Redes entre iguales

Proyecto de investigación (EDU2011-25960) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Qüestionari sociocèntric. Escola i xarxes socials

Projecte de recerca (EDU2011-25960) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Identity [R]Evolution: Multi-Disciplinary Perpectives

The identity [r]evolution is happening. Who are you, who am I in the information society? In recent years, the convergence of several factors - technological, political, economic - has accelerated a fundamental change in our networked world. On a technological level, information becomes easier to gather, to store, to exchange and to process. The belief that more information brings more security has been a strong political driver to promote information gathering since September 11. Profiling intends to transform information into knowledge in order to anticipate one's behaviour, or needs, or preferences. It can lead to categorizations according to some specific risk criteria, for example, or to direct and personalized marketing. As a consequence, new forms of identities appear. They are not necessarily related to our names anymore. They are based on information, on traces that we leave when we act or interact, when we go somewhere or just stay in one place, or even sometimes when we make a choice. They are related to the SIM cards of our mobile phones, to our credit card numbers, to the pseudonyms that we use on the Internet, to our email addresses, to the IP addresses of our computers, to our profiles... Like traditional identities, these new forms of identities can allow us to distinguish an individual within a group of people, or describe this person as belonging to a community or a category. How far have we moved through this process? The identity [r]evolution is already becoming part of our daily lives. People are eager to share information with their "friends" in social networks like Facebook, in chat rooms, or in Second Life. Customers take advantage of the numerous bonus cards that are made available. Video surveillance is becoming the rule. In several countries, traditional ID documents are being replaced by biometric passports with RFID technologies. This raises several privacy issues and might actually even result in changing the perception of the concept of privacy itself, in particular by the younger generation. In the information society, our (partial) identities become the illusory masks that we choose -or that we are assigned- to interplay and communicate with each other. Rights, obligations, responsibilities, even reputation are increasingly associated with these masks. On the one hand, these masks become the key to access restricted information and to use services. On the other hand, in case of a fraud or negative reputation, the owner of such a mask can be penalized: doors remain closed, access to services is denied. Hence the current preoccupying growth of impersonation, identity-theft and other identity-related crimes. Where is the path of the identity [r]evolution leading us? The booklet is giving a glance on possible scenarios in the field of identity.

El significat del projecte migratori: les dones parlen de la seva experiència

En aquest article es donen a conèixer els resultats més importants de la segona part d'una recerca sobre migració femenina duta a terme durant els anys 2005-2007 a diferents comunitats autònomes espanyoles, finançada per l"Institut de la Dona (Ministeri de Treball i Afers Socials). En aquesta segona fase, l"equip investigador ha tractat de recollir, a partir d"entrevistes, relats de vida i grups de discussió, la valoració personal de les dones migrants àrabs i llatines sobre el seu projecte migratori. Així mateix, aquest estudi els ha permès evidenciar les dificultats que troben aquestes dones en el procés d'acollida en els àmbits laboral, social, educatiu i, fins i tot, familiar, i quins recursos mobilitzen per superar amb èxit aquestes dificultats. Entre alguns d"aquests recursos destaquen les pràctiques cooperatives i les xarxes de solidaritat que estableixen entre elles en els espais de relació formal i informal on participen. I com aquests espais, en la mesura que són sensibles a les necessitats i als interessos de les dones migrants, esdevenen una veritable porta d'entrada a la societat d'acollida.

Barreras de género y actitudes hacia las redes sociales en alumnado universitario de las facultades de educación

En este artículo se presenta los resultados de un trabajo por encuesta realizado para conocer la percepción de las barreras de género que tiene el alumnado de las Facultades de Educación de la Universidad de Barcelona, así como su actitud hacia las redes sociales, temas importantes que repercuten en su inserción en el mundo laboral. Trata, en concreto, de la elaboración y análisis de un cuestionario ¿QBP¿. En primer lugar se presenta la fundamentación teórica sobre el objeto de estudio, en base a la cual se concretan los objetivos, el contenido, y la estructura interna del cuestionario. Tras un estudio piloto del mismo y, una vez realizadas las modificaciones oportunas, se construye el cuestionario a aplicar, que aparece en el anexo del articulo. Este se aplica a una muestra de 298 estudiantes de distintas facultades del Campus Mundet. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio, así como las evidencias de las características técnicas del instrumento elaborado.

Barreras de género y actitudes hacia las redes sociales en alumnado universitario de las facultades de educación

En este artículo se presenta los resultados de un trabajo por encuesta realizado para conocer la percepción de las barreras de género que tiene el alumnado de las Facultades de Educación de la Universidad de Barcelona, así como su actitud hacia las redes sociales, temas importantes que repercuten en su inserción en el mundo laboral. Trata, en concreto, de la elaboración y análisis de un cuestionario ¿QBP¿. En primer lugar se presenta la fundamentación teórica sobre el objeto de estudio, en base a la cual se concretan los objetivos, el contenido, y la estructura interna del cuestionario. Tras un estudio piloto del mismo y, una vez realizadas las modificaciones oportunas, se construye el cuestionario a aplicar, que aparece en el anexo del articulo. Este se aplica a una muestra de 298 estudiantes de distintas facultades del Campus Mundet. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio, así como las evidencias de las características técnicas del instrumento elaborado.

Mutual trust and cooperation in the evolutionary hawks-doves game

Using a new dynamical network model of society in which pairwise interactions are weighted according to mutual satisfaction, we show that cooperation is the norm in the hawks-doves game when individuals are allowed to break ties with undesirable neighbors and to make new acquaintances in their extended neighborhood. Moreover, cooperation is robust with respect to rather strong strategy perturbations. We also discuss the empirical structure of the emerging networks, and the reasons that allow cooperators to thrive in the population. Given the metaphorical importance of this game for social interaction, this is an encouraging positive result as standard theory for large mixing populations prescribes that a certain fraction of defectors must always exist at equilibrium.

Parents living with HIV in a high-income country: do patients need specific support?

The number of HIV-infected persons with children and caregiving duties is likely to increase. From this statement, the present study was designed to establish how HIV infected caregivers organise their parenting routines and to determine their support needs. A further aim was to ascertain caregivers' perception of conspicuous behaviours displayed by their children. Finally, it sought to determine the extent to which the caregivers' assessment of their parenting activity is influenced by the required support and their children's perceived conspicuous behaviours. The study design was observational and cross-sectional. Sampling was based on the 7 HIV Outpatient Clinics associated with the national population-based Swiss HIV Cohort Study. It focused on persons living with HIV who are responsible for raising children below the age of 18. A total of 520 caregivers were approached and 261 participated. An anonymous, standardised, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical procedures and backward elimination multiple regression analysis. The 261 respondents cared for 406 children and adolescents under 18 years of age; the median age was 10 years. The caregivers' material resources were low. 70% had a net family income in a range below the median of Swiss net family income and 30% were dependent on welfare assistance. 73% were undergoing treatment with 86% reporting no physical impairments. The proportion of single caregivers was 34%. 92% of the children were living with their HIV infected caregivers. 80% of the children attended an institution such as a school or kindergarten during the day. 89% of the caregivers had access to social networks providing support. Nevertheless, caregivers required additional support in performing their parenting duties and indicated a need for assistance on the material level, in connection with legal problems and with participation in the labour market. 46% of the caregivers had observed one or more conspicuous behaviours displayed by their children, which indicates a challenging situation. However, most of these caregivers assessed their parenting activity very favourably. Backward elimination multiple regression analysis indicated that a smaller number of support needs, younger age of the eldest child and fewer physical impairments on the part of the caregiver enhance the caregivers' assessment of their parenting activity. Physicians should speak to caregivers living with HIV about their parenting responsibilities and provide the necessary scope for this subject in their consultation sessions. Physicians are in a position to draw their patients' attention to the services available to them.

Escala d’orientació de xarxa

En el marc d'una investigació més àmplia sobre transicions escolars i el paper de les xarxes socials et demanem que contestis les preguntes següents sobre les teves relacions personals. Et preguem que llegeixis amb atenció les preguntes i contestes amb sinceritat. Agraïm molt la teva col·laboració.

Cuestionario de redes personales. Red amplia

En el marco de una investigación más amplia sobre transiciones escolares y el papel de las redes sociales te pedimos que contestes las preguntas siguientes acerca de tus relaciones personales. Te rogamos que leas con atención las preguntas y contestes con sinceridad. Agradecemos mucho tu colaboración.

Cuestionario de redes personales. Redes entre iguales

Proyecto de investigación (EDU2011-25960) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Qüestionari sociocèntric. Escola i xarxes socials

Projecte de recerca (EDU2011-25960) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad