Plano de intervenção para melhora da adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial na Unidade Básica de Saúde Menino Marcos no município de São Sebastião

A hipertensão arterial é uma doença crônica de elevada prevalência na população brasileira. É considerada um grave problema na saúde pública devido a sua morbimortalidade, seus custos econômicos e dificuldade no controle. O controle adequado dos pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial deve ser uma das prioridades da Atenção Básica. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor um projeto de intervenção para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento das pessoas com hipertensão arterial da área de abrangência da Equipe de Saúde da Família Cruzeiro I do município de São Sebastião - AL. Foi realizada uma revisão literária acerca do tema proposto e elaborado o projeto de intervenção. Este inclui três projetos: "Pressão em dia", "Promovendo Saúde", e "Medicamento no Posto", com a finalidade de realizar uma busca-ativa para aumentar o número de hipertensos acompanhados na unidade; aumentar a disponibilidade de medicamentos na farmácia da unidade; priorizar e promover atividades coletivas através da criação de grupos operacionais, visando melhor controle dos níveis pressóricos, melhoria do bem estar e mudança nos hábitos de vida. Concluiu-se que a elaboração do plano de intervenção foi de extrema importância para traçar as ações que serão executadas pela equipe multiprofissional almejando os objetivos propostos.

O impacto do grupo antitabagismo na redução do número de fumantes assistidos pela UBS Hamilton Mello no município de Rio Preto - MG

O hábito de fumar antes disseminado como ato de prazer, tornou-se questão de Saúde Pública. Apesar de serem amplamente conhecidos os prejuízos do fumo à saúde, o mesmo persiste como uma das principais causas evitáveis de morte no mundo. O Programa Nacional de Controle de Tabaco (PNCT) tem o intuito de reduzir a prevalência de fumantes e a morbimortalidade das doenças tabaco relacionadas, pautado em diversas estratégias, como a promoção e apoio à cessação de fumar. O trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar um plano de ação para prevenção e redução da prevalência de fumantes e a consequente morbimortalidade relacionada ao consumo de derivados do tabaco na população assistida pela ESF Hamilton de Mello no município de Rio Preto/MG. A partir da realização do diagnóstico de estimativa rápida, em 2014, foram levantados alguns problemas na Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) Hamilton Mello em Rio Preto, com priorização da alta prevalência de fumantes local. Diante deste quadro, foi elaborado um plano de ação, como modelo piloto, nesta UBS, com o objetivo de reduzir o número de fumantes e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos mesmos com a formação de um grupo antitabagismo. Para o embasamento teórico do plano de ação foram resgatados artigos em bases de registro de bibliografias eletrônicas Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), e Biblioteca digital Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SciELO), no período de 2004 a 2014. Para tal pesquisa foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: Tabagismo; Estratégia Saúde da Família; Saúde Pública; Educação Continuada, Atenção Primária à Saúde, para fundamentação teórica. Para a elaboração do plano de intervenção foi escolhido o método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES). A implantação do Grupo Antitabagismo é uma medida eficaz na diminuição do número de usuários crônicos do tabaco, possibilita uma abordagem coletiva, e concomitantemente valoriza as necessidades individuais, além de facilitar a observação dos pontos favorecedores ao abandono do tratamento. Constitui uma intervenção que frisa o papel da Atenção Primária dentro da Saúde Pública ao promover ações antifumo de acordo com medidas do PNCT.

Implantação de grupos operativos na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Presidente Bernardes

A Atenção Básica à Saúde apresenta como uma de suas diretrizes estimular a participação popular, visando sua autonomia e capacidade de autocuidado. Para tal, as ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde são essenciais, especialmente as atividades de grupos operativos. Por ocasião do diagnóstico situacional, observou-se que a Unidade Básica de Saúde prestava atendimento somente de demanda espontânea e de visitas domiciliares e inexistiam grupos operativos, apesar da necessidade educativa de usuários portadores de doenças crônico-degenerativas, mães participantes da puericultura e gestantes. Portanto, este trabalho objetiva elaborar um plano de intervenção para a implantação de grupos operativos voltados para usuários do hiperdia, pré-natal e puericultura, na Estratégia de Saúde da Família Anjos da Saúde do Município de Presidente Bernardes. Foram realizadas uma série de atividades de educação dentro dos grupos operativos criados. A partir dos resultados, pode ser observada mudança satisfatória com a presença de grande parte dos pacientes cadastrados nos grupos operativos, inclusive com relatos de satisfação por parte dos presentes. No Pré-Natal, os grupos operativos fomentaram uma melhor participação das gestantes nas consultas, proporcionando uma assistência clínica mais periódica e humanizada, a aprendizagem da técnica correta de amamentação e a obtenção de orientações gerais. Com o grupo operativo de mães, devido à maior sensibilização sobre os benefícios da puericultura, as crianças passaram a ter acompanhamento do seu crescimento e desenvolvimento de forma seriada e programada, e não mais compareciam à unidade somente se houvesse alguma queixa clínica. No Hiperdia, com a realização do grupo operativo, observou-se maior articulação das atividades de promoção e prevenção de doenças, melhor controle dos níveis pressóricos e da glicemia, bem como melhoria da qualidade de vida. Assim, conclui-se que a implantação dos grupos operativos foi de suma importância para a efetivação dos programas de prevenção e promoção da saúde, devendo estar atrelada à participação efetiva de todos os profissionais da rede para realizar ações integrais e não fragmentadas.

Análise do comportamento dos pacientes hipertensos usuários da estratégia saúde da família Cândido Bernardes do município de Monte Belo/MG

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistólica HAS é uma condição clínica multifatorial caracterizada por níveis elevados e sustentados de Pressão Arterial PA. Associam-se, frequentemente as alterações funcionais e/ou estruturais de órgãos- alvo (coração, encéfalo, rins e vasos sanguíneos) e as alterações metabólicas, com aumento de eventos cardiovasculares fatais ou não fatais. A abordagem correta da HAS é importante que seja feita não só com o tratamento farmacológico, também com educação sanitária baseada em incentivar mudanças de hábitos e estilos de vida inadequados que a população dentro da sociedade altamente modernizada tem vido adotando.Esta doença apresenta alta morbimortalidade com perdida importante da qualidade de vida, o que reforça a importância do seu diagnóstico precoce. Além do diagnóstico precoce o acompanhamento efetivo dos casos pela equipe é fundamental, pois o controle da PA reduz complicações que podem ser causas de óbito ou incapacidades nos pacientes. Para lograr a exemplaridade no trabalho da equipe a abordagem da HAS deve ser de forma personalizada envolvendo além da condição física do paciente o aspecto psicossocial que o rodeia. O objetivo de tal abordagem será o de oferecer aos pacientes os conhecimentos necessários para encarar de forma adequada a sua doença e conscientiza-lós sobre a autonomia que devem ter respeito aos hábitos de vida saudáveis reafirmando também a importância que tem a família e a sociedade no acompanhamento do seu tratamento. Mediante um plano de ação que vai ser desenvolvido pela equipe de saúde, pretende-se trabalhar em conjunto e de forma planejada para atingir o objetivo principal que é melhorar a abordagem da HAS na população adscrita atuando sobre a causa do descontrole dos pacientes hipertensos

Analysis Of The Dna Fourier Transform-infrared Microspectroscopic Signature Using An All-reflecting Objective.

The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) signature of dry samples of DNA and DNA-polypeptide complexes, as studied by IR microspectroscopy using a diamond attenuated total reflection (ATR) objective, has revealed important discriminatory characteristics relative to the PO2(-) vibrational stretchings. However, DNA IR marks that provide information on the sample's richness in hydrogen bonds have not been resolved in the spectral profiles obtained with this objective. Here we investigated the performance of an all reflecting objective (ARO) for analysis of the FT-IR signal of hydrogen bonds in DNA samples differing in base richness types (salmon testis vs calf thymus). The results obtained using the ARO indicate prominent band peaks at the spectral region representative of the vibration of nitrogenous base hydrogen bonds and of NH and NH2 groups. The band areas at this spectral region differ in agreement with the DNA base richness type when using the ARO. A peak assigned to adenine was more evident in the AT-rich salmon DNA using either the ARO or the ATR objective. It is concluded that, for the discrimination of DNA IR hydrogen bond vibrations associated with varying base type proportions, the use of an ARO is recommended.

Desorption/ionization Efficiencies Of Triacylglycerols And Phospholipids Via Easi-ms.

Knowledge of the major effects governing desorption/ionization efficiency is required for the development and application of ambient mass spectrometry. Although all triacylglycerols (TAG) have the same favorable protonation and cationization sites, their desorption/ionization efficiencies can vary dramatically during easy ambient sonic-spray ionization because of structural differences in the carbon chain. To quantify this somewhat surprising and drastic effect, we have performed a systematic investigation of desorption/ionization efficiencies as a function of unsaturation and length for TAG as well as for diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and several phospholipids (PL). Affinities for Na(+) as a function of unsaturation level have also been assayed via comprehensive metadynamics calculations to understand the influence of this phenomenon on the ionization efficiency. The results suggest that dipole-dipole interactions within a carbon chain tuned by unsaturation sites govern ionization efficiency of TAG and PL.

The Intrahippocampal Infusion Of Crotamine From Crotalus Durissus Terrificus Venom Enhances Memory Persistence In Rats.

Previous research has shown that crotamine, a toxin isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus, induces the release of acetylcholine and dopamine in the central nervous system of rats. Particularly, these neurotransmitters are important modulators of memory processes. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of crotamine infusion on persistence of memory in rats. We verified that the intrahippocampal infusion of crotamine (1 μg/μl; 1 μl/side) improved the persistence of object recognition and aversive memory. By other side, the intrahippocampal infusion of the toxin did not alter locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety or pain threshold. These results demonstrate a future prospect of using crotamine as potential pharmacological tool to treat diseases involving memory impairment, although it is still necessary more researches to better elucidate the crotamine effects on hippocampus and memory.

Thermodynamic Study Of The Micellization Of Zwitterionic Surfactants And Their Interaction With Polymers In Water By Isothermal Titration Calorimetry.

The micellization of a homologous series of zwitterionic surfactants, a group of sulfobetaines, was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in the temperature range from 15 to 65 °C. The increase in both temperature and the alkyl chain length leads to more negative values of ΔGmic(0) , favoring the micellization. The entropic term (ΔSmic(0)) is predominant at lower temperatures, and above ca. 55-65 °C, the enthalpic term (ΔHmic(0)) becomes prevalent, figuring a jointly driven process as the temperature increases. The interaction of these sulfobetaines with different polymers was also studied by ITC. Among the polymers studied, only two induced the formation of micellar aggregates at lower surfactant concentration: poly(acrylic acid), PAA, probably due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic group of the polymer and the sulfonate group of the surfactant, and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PSS, probably due to the incorporation of the hydrophobic styrene group into the micelles. The prevalence of the hydrophobic and not the electrostatic contributions to the interaction between sulfobetaine and PSS was confirmed by an increased interaction enthalpy in the presence of electrolytes (NaCl) and by the observation of a significant temperature dependence, the latter consistent with the proposed removal of hydrophobic groups from water.

Impaired Incretin Secretion And Pancreatic Dysfunction With Older Age And Diabetes.

To estimate the impact of aging and diabetes on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, adipocytokines, and incretin production. Hyperglycemic clamps, arginine tests and meal tolerance tests were performed in 50 non-obese subjects to measure insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion as well as plasma levels of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP. Patients with diabetes and healthy control subjects were divided into the following groups: middle-aged type 2 diabetes (MA-DM), aged Type 2 diabetes (A-DM) and middle-aged or aged subjects with normal glucose tolerance (MA-NGT or A-NGT). IS, as determined by the homeostasis model assessment, glucose infusion rate, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity, was reduced in the aged and DM groups compared with MA-NGT, but it was similar in the MA-DM and A-DM groups. Insulinogenic index, first and second phase insulin secretion and the disposition indices, but not insulin response to arginine, were reduced in the aged and DM groups. Postprandial glucagon production was higher in MA-DM compared to MA-NGT. Whereas the GLP-1 production was reduced in A-DM, no differences between groups were observed in GIP production. In non-obese subjects, diabetes and aging impair insulin sensitivity. Insulin production is reduced by aging, and diabetes exacerbates this condition. Aging associated defects superimposed diabetic physiopathology, particularly regarding GLP-1 production. On the other hand, the glucose-independent secretion of insulin was preserved. Knowledge of the complex relationship between aging and diabetes could support the development of physiopathological and pharmacological based therapies.

Comparison Of The Solution Of Histidine-tryptophan-alfacetoglutarate With Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate As Cardioplegic Agents In Isolated Rat Hearts: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Cardiac arrest during heart surgery is a common procedure and allows the surgeon to perform surgical procedures in an environment free of blood and movement. Using a model of isolated rat heart, the authors compare a new cardioplegic solution containing histidine-tryptophan-glutamate (group 2) with the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate (group 1) routinely used by some cardiac surgeons. To assess caspase, IL-8 and KI-67 in isolated rat hearts using immunohistochemistry. 20 Wistar male rats were anesthetized and heparinized. The chest was opened, cardioctomy was performed and 40 ml/kg of the appropriate cardioplegic solution was infused. The hearts were kept for 2 hours at 4ºC in the same solution, and thereafter, placed in the Langendorff apparatus for 30 minutes with Ringer-Locke solution. Immunohistochemistry analysis of caspase, IL-8, and KI-67 were performed. The concentration of caspase was lower in group 2 and Ki-67 was higher in group 2, both P<0.05. There was no statistical difference between the values of IL-8 between the groups. Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was better than histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate solution because it reduced caspase (apoptosis), increased KI-67 (cell proliferation), and showed no difference in IL-8 levels compared to group 1. This suggests that the histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was more efficient than the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate for the preservation of hearts of rat cardiomyocytes.

Trypanosoma Cruzi Strains From Triatomine Collected In Bahia And Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.

Collection of triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Northeastern and Southern Brazil respectively, and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. First, the captured triatomines were identified using insect identification keys, then their intestinal content was examined by abdominal compression, and the samples containing trypanosomatid forms were inoculated in LIT medium and Swiss mice. Six triatomine species were collected in cities in Bahia, namely Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) and T. sordida (460), and two in cities in Rio Grande do Sul, namely T. circummaculata (11) and T. rubrovaria (115). Out of the specimens examined, T. cruzi was isolated from 28 triatomine divided into four different species: T. melanocephala (one), T. lenti (one), T. rubrovaria (16) and T. sordida (10). Their index of natural infection by T. cruzi was 6.4%. The isolation of T. cruzi strains from triatomines found in domestic and peridomestic areas shows the potential risk of transmission of Chagas disease in the studied cities. The maintenance of those T. cruzi strains in laboratory is intended to promote studies that facilitate the understanding of the parasite-vector-host relationship.

Changes In Chromatin Structure In Nih 3t3 Cells Induced By Valproic Acid And Trichostatin A.

Valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA) are known histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) with epigenetic activity that affect chromatin supra-organization, nuclear architecture, and cellular proliferation, particularly in tumor cells. In this study, chromatin remodeling with effects extending to heterochromatic areas was investigated by image analysis in non-transformed NIH 3T3 cells treated for different periods with different doses of VPA and TSA under conditions that indicated no loss of cell viability. Image analysis revealed chromatin decondensation that affected not only euchromatin but also heterochromatin, concomitant with a decreased activity of histone deacetylases and a general increase in histone H3 acetylation. Heterochromatin protein 1-α (HP1-α), identified immunocytochemically, was depleted from the pericentromeric heterochromatin following exposure to both HDACIs. Drastic changes affecting cell proliferation and micronucleation but not alteration in CCND2 expression and in ratios of Bcl-2/Bax expression and cell death occurred following a 48-h exposure of the NIH 3T3 cells particularly in response to higher doses of VPA. Our results demonstrated that even low doses of VPA (0.05 mM) and TSA (10 ng/ml) treatments for 1 h can affect chromatin structure, including that of the heterochromatin areas, in non-transformed cells. HP1-α depletion, probably related to histone demethylation at H3K9me3, in addition to the effect of VPA and TSA on histone H3 acetylation, is induced on NIH 3T3 cells. Despite these facts, alterations in cell proliferation and micronucleation, possibly depending on mitotic spindle defects, require a longer exposure to higher doses of VPA and TSA.

Compartment Syndrome After South American Rattlesnake (crotalus Durissus Terrificus) Envenomation.

In order to report the outcome of a patient who developed compartment syndrome after South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation, confirmed by subfascial pressure measurement and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 63-year-old male was admitted 1 h after being bitten on the right elbow by a large snake, which was not brought for identification. Physical and laboratory features upon admission revealed two fang marks, local tense swelling, paresthesia, intense local pain, hypertension, coagulopathy, and CK = 1530 U/L (RV < 170 U/L). The case was initially treated with bothropic antivenom (80 mL, intravenously), with no improvement. Evolution within 13-14 h post-bite revealed generalized myalgia, muscle weakness, palpebral ptosis, and severe rhabdomyolysis (CK = 126,160 U/L) compatible with envenoming by C. d. terrificus. The patient was then treated with crotalic antivenom (200 mL, intravenously), fluid replacement, and urine alkalinization. Twenty-four-hour post-bite MRI showed marked muscular edema in the anterior compartment of the right forearm, with a high subfascial pressure (40 mmHg) being detected 1 h later. ELISA of a blood sample obtained upon admission, before antivenom infusion, revealed a high serum concentration of C. d. terrificus venom. No fasciotomy was performed and the patient was discharged seven days later without sequelae. Snakebite by C. d. terrificus with subfascial venom injection may lead to increased intracompartmental pressure.

Phytochemical Markers Of Different Types Of Red Propolis.

Propolis is a resin that bees collect from different plant sources and use in the defense of the bee community. The intricate composition of propolis varies depending on plant sources from different geographic regions and many types have been reported. Red coloured propolis found in several states in Brazil and in other countries has known antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Different analytical methods have been applied to studies regarding the chemical composition and plant origins of red propolis. In this study samples of red propolis from different regions have been characterised using direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS) fingerprinting. Data from the fingerprints was extracted and analysed by multivariate analysis to group the samples according to their composition and marker compounds. Despite similar colour, the red coloured propolis samples were divided into three groups due to contrasting chemical composition, confirming the need to properly characterise the chemical composition of propolis.

Influence Of Gastric Emptying On The Control Of Postprandial Glycemia: Physiology And Therapeutic Implications.

The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is complex and involves, besides the secretion and action of insulin and glucagon, a hormonal and neural mechanism, regulating the rate of gastric emptying. This mechanism depends on extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion regulates the speed of gastric emptying, contributing to the control of postprandial glycemia. The pharmacodynamic characteristics of various agents of this class can explain the effects more relevant in fasting or postprandial glucose, and can thus guide the individualized treatment, according to the clinical and pathophysiological features of each patient.