Oriented Tailoring of Plastic Antibodies for Prostate Specific Antigen and Application of the Imprinted Material as Ionophore in Potentiometric Detection

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is the biomarker of choice for screening prostate cancer throughout the population, with PSA values above 10 ng/mL pointing out a high probability of associated cancer1. According to the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) data, prostate cancer is the commonest form of cancer in men in Europe2. Early detection of prostate cancer is thus very important and is currently made by screening PSA in men over 45 years old, combined with other alterations in serum and urine parameters. PSA is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 32 kDa consisting of one polypeptide chain, which is produced by the secretory epithelium of human prostate. Currently, the standard methods available for PSA screening are immunoassays like Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA). These methods are highly sensitive and specific for the detection of PSA, but they require expensive laboratory facilities and high qualify personal resources. Other highly sensitive and specific methods for the detection of PSA have also become available and are in its majority immunobiosensors1,3-5, relying on antibodies. Less expensive methods producing quicker responses are thus needed, which may be achieved by synthesizing artificial antibodies by means of molecular imprinting techniques. These should also be coupled to simple and low cost devices, such as those of the potentiometric kind, one approach that has been proven successful6. Potentiometric sensors offer the advantage of selectivity and portability for use in point-of-care and have been widely recognized as potential analytical tools in this field. The inherent method is simple, precise, accurate and inexpensive regarding reagent consumption and equipment involved. Thus, this work proposes a new plastic antibody for PSA, designed over the surface of graphene layers extracted from graphite. Charged monomers were used to enable an oriented tailoring of the PSA rebinding sites. Uncharged monomers were used as control. These materials were used as ionophores in conventional solid-contact graphite electrodes. The obtained results showed that the imprinted materials displayed a selective response to PSA. The electrodes with charged monomers showed a more stable and sensitive response, with an average slope of -44.2 mV/decade and a detection limit of 5.8X10-11 mol/L (2 ng/mL). The corresponding non-imprinted sensors showed smaller sensitivity, with average slopes of -24.8 mV/decade. The best sensors were successfully applied to the analysis of serum samples, with percentage recoveries of 106.5% and relatives errors of 6.5%.

Púrpura. Manifestação de Amiloidose Sistémica Primária

Primary Systemic Amyloidosis (AL) is the most frequent form of systemic amyloidosis and its morbilility is associated with immunoglobulin light chains deposition in vital organs. The mucocutaneous manifestations occur in about 30-40% of the cases and are important in diagnostic suspicion, once they appear in early stages of disease. We report a 71-years-old female patient, with disseminated purpura and cutaneous fragility with 6 months of evolution, accompanied by recent complaints of dysphagy. The first laboratory evaluation didn't show any alterations. The histological and immunohistochemical study of subcutaneous abdominal fat and skin biopsy showed lambda type amyloid protein. In the systemic work-up, we highlight a proteinúria > 1g/24h with Bence Jones proteins and the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain (lambda type) in serum immunoelectrophoresis. With the diagnosis of primary systemic amyloidosis, treatment with prednisolone and melphalan was started.

Comparative study of the fecundity and fertility of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) and Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) in a laboratory through self-fertilization and cross-fertilization

The aim of this study was to compare the fecundity and fertility of B. glabrata and B. straminea by cross- and self-fertilization. To attain this objective, laboratory-raised strains of B. glabrata and B. straminea were used. The former originated from natural breeding grounds in the municipality Paulista, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The latter originated from irrigation ditches in the municipality of Petrolândia, in the same state. Snail populations of B. glabrata and B. straminea were maintained for 240 days in laboratory. Their fecundity was evaluated by noting the number of egg-masses, eggs and eggs per mass. Their fertility was evaluated by the number of viable eggs and the hatching rate. B. straminea was markedly more fecund than B. glabrata through cross- and self-fertilization, namely: greater egg-mass; higher egg production and more eggs per mass. Regarding fertility, there seemed to be no preferential period for occlusion to occur or a trend in the rhythm of producing viable eggs.

Enteroparasitic occurrence in fecal samples analyzed at the University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE clinical laboratory, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil

This study aims to analyze the enteroparasitic occurrence in children from 0 to 12 years old consulted at the University of western São Paulo Clinical Laboratory, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil, in relation to the socioeconomic profile of the attended children. Stool samples were examined and a questionnaire was applied with the objective of knowing the patient's age, sex, medical attendance, characteristic of the habitation, provisioning of water, dejection and domestic waste fates, use of footwear and clinical signs. The software EPI INFO 6 (Version 6.04b) was used for the elaboration of the data bank structure and analysis after previous data codification. Among 1,000 children analyzed, as many as 21.3% presented some kind of parasite. The most frequent protozoan was Giardia lamblia (7.3%) followed by Entamoeba coli (3.9%). The most frequent helminth was Enterobius vermicularis (1.9%) followed by Hymenolepis nana (0.5%). The most frequent protozoan association was Giardia lamblia / Entamoeba coli (0.9%).

Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

During the year of 2001, a retrospective, descriptive study in order to determine the influence of the antiretroviral therapy received by 111 HIV-HCV coinfected patients who had undergone at least one liver biopsy was conduced, 74 of them were treated with a protease inhibitor regimen (WPI), and 37 with a non-protease inhibitor regimen (NPI). The main characteristics found were: a young patient population (mean age 41 years old in both groups), composed in most part of male individuals (74.3% WPI and 51.4% NPI) with previous risk factors for both infections (WPI 93.2% and NPI 89.2%). The most significant findings included AIDS-defining disease (WPI 18.9% and NPI 13.5% of the cases), elevated hepatic enzyme levels (WPI: SGOT 52.1 and NPI 53.2), absence of liver disease-related symptoms (16.2% for both groups), average CD4 count > 350 for both groups (WPI 362.2 and NPI 378.1), predominantly low-grade fibrosis in both populations (0-2 in 63.6% of WPI patients and in 80% of NPI patients), with necro-inflammatory activity ranging from 5-7 in 51.3% and 42.9% of WPI patients and NPI patients, respectively. It is suggested a sequential biopsy to better evaluate the evolution of the hepatic disease, according to the HAART regimen received.

Semi-Partitioned Scheduling of Fork-Join Tasks using Work-Stealing

13th IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2015). 21 to 23, Oct, 2015, Session W1-A: Multiprocessing and Multicore Architectures. Porto, Portugal.

Residual effect of two Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products assayed against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in laboratory and outdoors at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resistance of the dengue vector to temephos stimulated its substitution for Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) since 2001 in Brazil. The persistence of the two Bti formulations employed at that time by the Health Ministry, Vectobac G and Aquabac G, was assayed under laboratory and outdoor conditions. Both formulations were tested at 0.2 g/10 liters of water, the same concentration applied in the field for vector control. The tests were done against Ae. aegypti third instar larvae (Rockefeller strain). In the laboratory, Vectobac G and Aquabac G caused at least 95% mortality until 101 and 45 days after treatment, respectively. In the outdoor assays, test containers of different materials were treated with either formulation and placed in a shaded area. Larvae were introduced each 3-6 days and mortality was recorded 24 and 48 hours later. In the first set of assays, performed in June 2001, mortality levels of 70% or more were attained for 2-5 weeks for both formulations in all containers. The exception was for the iron one that rusted, resulting in low mortality after seven days. In the second set of assays (August 2001), 70% mortality was attained for just 1-2 weeks for all the containers and both formulations.

Blastocystis hominis and other intestinal parasites in a community of Pitanga City, Paraná State, Brazil

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis, to evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques for its diagnosis as well as to estimate the prevalence of other intestinal parasites in the community of Campo Verde, a district of Pitanga. The work was carried out from August to October 2004. Samples of feces from children and adults were collected and submitted to the techniques of direct wet mount, flotation in zinc sulphate solution, tube sedimentation, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by Kinyoun and iron hematoxylin methods. From 181 studied individuals, 128 (70.7%) showed protozoa and/or helminths in stool samples. The most prevalent species were Endolimax nana (33.7%); B. hominis (26.5%); Giardia lamblia (18.2%); Entamoeba coli (17.1%); Ascaris lumbricoides (16.6%); Iodamoeba bütschlii (9.4%); and ancylostomatidae (7.7%). B. hominis was only identified by the techniques of direct wet mount, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by iron hematoxylin, though the latter was less sensitive than the other methods. The high frequency of B. hominis demonstrated by this study indicates the need to include laboratory techniques that enable identification of the parasite on a routine basis.

Towards the Combination of Work-Stealing and Semi-Partitioned Scheduling for Parallel Tasks

Paper/Poster presented in Work in Progress Session, 28th GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS 2015). 24 to 26, Mar, 2015. Porto, Portugal.

Towards the Combination of Work-Stealing and Semi-Partitioned Scheduling for Parallel Tasks

Poster presented in Work in Progress Session, 28th GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS 2015). 24 to 26, Mar, 2015. Porto, Portugal.

Mathematical modelling of shallow flows: closure models drawn from grain-scale mechanics of sediment transport and flow hydrodynamics

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36(10) 1605–16

Impacto das medidas de conservação de energia em projeto na redução da intensidade de utilização de matérias-primas na construção de um edifício

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar que a aplicação de medidas de conservação de energia (MCE) pode representar uma redução da intensidade de utilização de matérias-primas na construção de um edifício. Mais concretamente, pode representar uma redução da utilização de materiais e equipamentos, e como consequência, uma redução no esforço económico ao primeiro investimento. Podendo posteriormente representar uma redução na utilização de energia durante o período de funcionamento do edifício. A aplicação de MCE no sector da construção tem vindo a ser uma prática corrente nos novos edifícios e edifícios sujeitos a grandes intervenções de reabilitação. Esta prática deve-se à obrigatoriedade de cumprimento de requisitos regulamentares aplicados à otimização do desempenho energético dos edifícios e dos seus sistemas técnicos, nomeadamente, o RCCTE e o RSECE, entretanto revogados pelo REH e pelo RECS, respetivamente. A implementação de MCE apresenta, na maioria dos casos, benefícios económicos para o promotor do edifício, uma vez que se traduz muitas vezes, na otimização do dimensionamento dos sistemas de Aquecimento, Ventilação e Ar Condicionado (AVAC). Esta otimização permite reduzir os custos associados ao primeiro investimento, bem como na utilização de energia por parte do utilizador, logo na redução dos custos de exploração. No entanto, a falta de quantificação dos impactos do dimensionamento dos sistemas AVAC, da redução de utilização de energia e da análise do custo-benefício da sua aplicação pode condicionar o interesse na sua implementação. Neste contexto, surge a presente dissertação, por iniciativa do Instituto Soldadura e Qualidade (ISQ), aplicado a um caso prático de um edifício já construído e propriedade daquela empresa. Com este trabalho pretende-se avaliar o contributo efetivo das MCE implementadas na fase de projeto e na fase de construção, quer na otimização da dimensão de sistemas e equipamentos AVAC, por via da redução das necessidades energéticas, quer na redução de utilização de energia, permitindo, de seguida, uma avaliação custo-benefício.Na base do caso de estudo está o ECOTERMOLAB, o edifício acima referido, adquirido pelo ISQ para instalação de um laboratório de formação, investigação e desenvolvimento na área da energia. Após aquisição pelo ISQ, o edifício sofreu várias alterações/beneficiações, entre as quais a implementação de MCE, tais como, a aplicação de isolamento térmico na envolvente opaca (paredes, pavimentos e coberturas), duplicação dos vãos envidraçados simples, conferindo-lhes melhores caraterísticas térmicas, e pela aplicação de proteções solar. Foram ainda adotadas MCE aos sistemas AVAC, designadamente, pela adoção de recuperadores de calor nas Unidades de Tratamento de Ar Novo (UTAN’s) e de variadores de velocidade nas bombas de circulação de água e nos ventiladores de ar das UTAN’s. Pretendia o ISQ concluir se a aplicação de todas as MCE contribuiu de forma efetiva para o dimensionamento de sistemas e equipamentos AVAC de menor capacidade e, consequentemente, numa redução de utilização de energia. Em sequência, pretendia avaliar a viabilidade económica da aplicação de todas as MCE, estimando o sobrecusto inicial e o tempo necessário para o retorno financeiro daquele investimento. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, procedeu-se à simulação energética dinâmica do ECOTERMOLAB, utilizando o programa EnergyPlus. Primeiro foi simulada uma situação base do edifício, sem quaisquer MCE. Posteriormente foi caraterizada cada uma das situações de aplicação das MCE, com o objetivo de avaliar o respetivo impacto individual na utilização de energia pelos sistemas AVAC. Por último foram assumidas todas as soluções em conjunto para avaliar o impacto final de todas as MCE na utilização de energia dos sistemas AVAC, bem como no seu dimensionamento. Das simulações dinâmicas foram obtidos os valores das necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento, de energia utilizada pelos sistemas AVAC e de caudais de água aquecida e arrefecida circulada. Com estes valores foi feita uma estimativa de dimensionamento dos equipamentos e componentes AVAC para as situações da aplicação de todas as MCE no ECOTERMOLAB e a sua ausência. A partir da diferença dos custos de aquisição dos respetivos equipamentos e dos valores de poupança em energia foi realizado o estudo da viabilidade económica da implementação das MCE neste edifício. Este estudo permitiu concluir que a aplicação das MCE no ECOTERMOLAB levou à redução da dimensão na generalidade dos equipamentos e componentes AVAC. Permitiu, ainda, concluir que houve uma diminuição de utilização de energia por parte destes sistemas e equipamentos para o aquecimento e arrefecimento. Conclui-se ainda que o período de retorno (Payback) do sobrecusto inicial, estimado em 37.822€ é de, aproximadamente, onze anos e meio, para um valor atual líquido (VAL) de 8.061€ e à taxa interna de rentabilidade (TIR) de 7,03%.

Morphometric changes of Triatoma flavida Neiva, 1911 (Hemiptera:Triatominae) in the transition from sylvatic to laboratory conditions

The one-generational metric changes occurring in Triatoma flavida (Hemiptera: Triatominae) when carried from its wild habitat (caves) to laboratory, were examined using traditional morphometric techniques. As for other species of Triatoma, Rhodnius or Panstrongylus studied in similar conditions, a significant reduction of head, thorax and wing size was observed. Sexual dimorphism of the wings, while present in the wild sample, was not detected anymore in the laboratory individuals. Biological significance and epidemiological importance are discussed.

Computer-supported cooperative work:alguns temas de investigação

Os primeiros trabalhos sobre Computer-Supported Cooperative Work surgiram na segunda metade da década de 80, estabelecendo-se um campo de investigação interdisciplinar com enfoque no papel do computador e das tecnologias da comunicação no apoio do trabalho em grupo (Ishii et al., 1994). Ao abordar esta área de investigação torna-se claro que é necessário ter em conta a diversidade dos grupos e das tarefas que estes devem de utilizar, entre outros factores importantes. As implicações desta diversidade são discutidas ao nível concepção de interfaces de groupware, em que um maior envolvimento dos utilizadores nas fases iniciais parece ser necessário, e ao nível dos Sistemas de Apoio à Decisão em Grupo.