Investment theory and empirical approach: a discussion on dificulties

In this paper, we analyse several contributions made concerning investment theory in the last decades. The objective of the paper is to discuss the difficulties of the testable theory identified by Chirinko (1983), Fazzari et al. (1988, 2000), Kaplan and Zingales (1997) and Hubbard (1998) to better understand the results of empirical approach. These few authors we worked with provided theoretical arguments and empirical evidences that internal finance variable of the firms may work as an indicator of financial constraint. In several developed countries, financing constraints has been identified as important to understand the investment spending. The principal indicator of financing constraints, that is, cash-flow has been questioned. However, the evidences offer a support to its relevance. We try to justify such evidence based on the few authors listed above, which have been quoted by empirical works. We try to contribute to debate adding aspect of the corporate finance to offer a logical explanation to econometric difficulties.

Estudo exploratório sobre a delimitação e práticas contemporâneas da educação não formal

This paper presents the survey, demarcation and discussion of different forms of education, which are education unintentional or intentional informal education, which unfolds in formal and non-formal education. The study of the proposed theme was carried through the review, critical analysis and synthesis of academic and scientific literature relevant to different forms of education. It approaches so prominent non-formal education, due to the significant rise of the practices related to it and increase the visibility of the professionals who took teaching as craft specifically in this educational modality. The main sub-areas of non-formal education presented in the article are: corporate education, non-formal education in social held on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), non-formal education aimed at prevention and health promotion, formation of free courses to people in different areas of knowledge and practice. At the end, pointing to the importance of considering the non-formal education records within its ambit the existence of political and pedagogical rationales different, even opposite, which requires teachers and researchers in the educational field constant vigilance epistemological, so to contribute to the construction and consolidation of a critical education, creative and emancipatory.

Indicadores de qualidade e composição de leite informal comercializado na região Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo

The informal milk is recognized as the product marketed without inspection. We evaluated the microbiological quality, nutritional ingredients and substances inhibiting bacterial growth in 100 informal samples from cows milk, marketed in the southwest region of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was found that 77% of Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and 86% of Total Bacterial Count (TBC) of the samples were at odds with the maximum values required by Instruction Rules 62 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Supply. It was identified to solids contents in disagreement (36%), protein (23%), fat (38%), nonfat dry extract (43%) and 73% urea nitrogen. In 59% of the samples was detected residues of the bacterial growth inhibitors. Were isolated 240 strains of micro-organisms with a prevalence of enterobacteria, streptococci, staphylococci and fungi. The informal milk is marketed in the region without the minimum hygienic conditions and present risks to public health, and represents serious socio-economic problem for the region.

A dimensão urbana dos conflitos contemporâneos e as cidades frágeis: novas perspectivas e práticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Consumo de leite informal na cidade de Araraquara-SP

Brazil is one of the largest milk producers in the world, with an estimated total production of 37 billion liters in 2014. Of this total, 33% is not inspected, being destined for the informal market. Objective: The aim of this study was to collect and analyze data on raw milk consumption in the city of Araraquara (SP, Brazil). Methods: Regular milk consumers were provided with exploratory questionnaires in locations chosen for convenience. The reproducibility of each question was tested by Kappa statistics. Associations of interest were 2 detected by the chi-squared (χ ) or Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was established when p0.05. Results: Most of the volunteers (97.6%) reported consuming milk daily, the type of milk chosen most, mainly for ease of purchase, being boxed UHT. Regarding raw milk, 15.3% of volunteers said they consume it, the greatest consumption being observed among subjects with complete secondary or higher education. The majority of the participants reported knowing of the possibility of diseases being transmitted by unprocessed milk. Most respondents pointed to "flavor" as the main reason for consumption. Only 15.3% reported that someone in their house had become ill from drinking milk, and only 4.1% attributed this to the ingestion of raw milk. Conclusion: It was found that 15.3% of consumers drink raw milk in the city of Araraquara, which is more than the expected proportion in a medium sized city located in the state of São Paulo.

O papel do ensino informal de ciências: uma análise sobre o impacto do show de energia sobre o interesse dos alunos para cursos das áreas de ciências exatas

Our work aims to discuss the teaching of science in the context of informal education. Thus, we present and analyze the results of an initiative that we have made seeking to interest high school students to study sciences and technology. The Energy shows are activities which are presented in experimental demonstrations of science concepts to middle school students. After the show the students respond to a questionnaire which formed the basis for this study. The results indicate that the achievement of shows have had an impact on students.

Videoaulas de escrita/redação científica na internet: um estudo bakhtiniano

Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR

Artesanato como exemplo de trabalho informal em uma região econômica periférica: uma análise geográfica do aglomerado produtivo de palhas e bordados da região norte do Piauí

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Generating Interest in Mathematics Using Discussion in the Middle School Classroom

In this action research study of my classroom of 8th grade algebra, I investigated students’ discussion of mathematics and how it relates to interest in the subject. Discussion is a powerful tool in the classroom. By relying too heavily on drill and practice, a teacher may lose any individual student insight into the learning process. However, in order for the discussion to be effective, students must be provided with structure and purpose. It is unrealistic to expect middle school age students to provide their own structure and purpose; a packet was constructed that would allow the students to both show their thoughts and work as a small group toward a common goal. The students showed more interest in the subject in question as they related to the algebra topics being studied. The students appreciated the packets as a way to facilitate discussion rather than as a vehicle for practicing concepts. Students still had a need for practice problems as part of their homework. As a result of this research, it is clear that discussion packets are very useful as a part of daily instruction. While there are modifications that must be made to the original packets to more clearly express the expectations in question, discussion packets will continue to be an effective tool in the classroom.

Paranoplocephala sciuri (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), a Parasite of the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), with a Discussion of Its Systematic Status

This study redescribes Andrya sciuri Rausch, 1947 (Anoplocephalidae) from the northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw), in North America, to redefine the morphology and generic position of this poorly known cestode. Andrya sciuri is shown to belong unambiguously to the genus Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu Haukisalmi and Wickström (2005). Paranoplocephala sciuri is compared with four species that resemble it morphologically, and features that can be used in its identification are presented. It is suggested that P. sciuri has speciated through a shift from arvicoline rodents (voles and lemmings) to G. sabrinus.

Contesting Sphere Boundaries Online: Private/Technical/Public Discourses in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Discussion Groups

The internet is fast becoming a means for people to obtain information, creating a unique forum for the intersection of the public, technical, and private spheres. To ground my research theoretically, I used Jürgen Habermas’s sphere theory. Habermas (1987) explains that the technical sphere colonizes the private sphere, which decreases democratic potential. In particular, the internet is a place for altering technical colonization of the private and public spheres. My research focuses on women’s health because it is a particularly useful case study for examining sphere tensions. Historically, the biomedical health establishment has been a powerful agent of colonization, resulting in detrimental effects for women and their health. The purpose of this study is to examine how the internet encourages expert and female patient deliberation, which empowers women to challenge the experts and, thus, make conversations between the private/technical spheres more democratic. I used PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) as a case to observe the changing sphere boundaries by studying the discourse that took place on multiple patient and doctor websites over a four-year period. Through my research, I found that the PCOS women challenge the biomedical model by appropriating medical language. By understanding the medical talk, the women are able to feel confident when discussing their health conditions with the doctor and with each other. The PCOS women also become lay-experts who have personal and medical experience with PCOS, reducing private sphere colonization. This case study exemplifies how female empowerment can influence expert culture, challenging our conventional understanding of democracy.

BLACKBIRD DAMAGE AND CONTROL--AN INFORMAL SEMINAR

The object is to hash over a few problems as we see them on this red-winged blackbird situation. I'm Mel Dyer, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario. Around the table are Tom Stockdale, Extension Wildlife Specialist, Ohio Cooperative Extension Service, Columbus; Maurice Giltz, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio; Joe Halusky, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbus, Ohio; Daniel Stiles, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.; Paul Rodeheffer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbus, Ohio; Brian Hall, Blackbird Research Project, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario; George Cornwell, Virginia Polytechnic Insti¬tute, Blacksburg, Va.; Dick Warren, Peavey Grain Company, Minneapolis, Minn.; Bob Fringer, N.J. Department of Agriculture, Trenton, N.J.; Charles Stone, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbus, Ohio; Larry Holcomb, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio; Doug Slack, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio; Charles Wagg, N.J. Department of Agriculture, Trenton, N.J.; Dick Smith, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbus, Ohio; and Jim Caslick, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gainesville, Fla. As I see the situation, as a director of a red-winged blackbird research project, we have a problem which has been defined in human terms concerning a natural animal population.

METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL BIRD PROBLEMS: Panel Discussion

As a pest control industry, we are interested in bird control, especially in areas of residence, commercial buildings, food plants, mills and elevators, commercial feed lots, farms, and even area wide controls in some of our cities. We run into all kinds of problems; I suppose you men do, too.

Revision of Hista Oiticica (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) and discussion on the validity of its subspecies

Diurnal Lepidoptera tend to have colorful and conspicuous wing patterns, which is the reason the first classifications of day-flying moths and butterflies were based mainly on wing color and pattern characters. This is the case with the Neotropical Castniidae, which are usually large and colorful day-flying moths. One classification listed 134 species in 32 genera while an alternate classification recognized 81 species. In this paper we examine the taxonomic structure of the genus Hista Oiticica. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate taxonomically useful characters besides wing pattern with the goal of classifying the taxa of Hista rather than classifying the variation of its wing pattern. In so doing, the results resolve the differences between the two proposed classifications of Hista. In addition, a lectotype is designated for Castnia boisduvalii Walker, 1854 (new synonym of Castnia fabricii Swainson, 1823) to ensure the stability of the name. Other new synonyms are proposed for C. fabricii (C. papagaya Westwood, 1877) and Castnia hegemon Kollar, 1839 (C. menetriesi Boisduval, [1875] and C. hegemon variegata Rothschild, 1919).