AKT and AMPK Activation after High-Fat and High-Glucose In Vitro Treatment of Prostate Epithelial Cells

Considering the increasing consumption of saturated fat and glucose in diets worldwide and its possible association to carcinogenesis, this investigation analysed the proliferation profile of nonmalignant human prostate epithelial cells after exposure to elevated levels of fat and glucose. PNT1A cells were cultured with palmitate (100 or 200 mu M) and/or glucose (450mg/dl) for 24 or 48 h. Treated cells were evaluated for viability test and cell proliferation (MTS assay). AKT and AMPK phosphorylation status were analysed by Western blotting. After 24 h of high-fat alone or associated with high-glucose treatment, there was an increase in AMPK and AKT activation associated to unchanged MTS-cell proliferation. Following 48 h of high-fat but not high-glucose alone, cells decreased AMPK activation and maintained elevated AKT levels. These data were associated to increased cell proliferation after further high-fat treatment. After longer high-fat exposure, MTS revealed that cells remained proliferating. High-glucose alone or associated to high-fat treatment was not able to increase cell proliferation and AKT activation. A high-fat medium containing 100 mu M of palmitate stimulates proliferation in PNT1A cells by decreasing the activation of AMPK and increasing activation of AKT after longer exposure time. These findings improve the knowledge about the negative effect of high levels of this saturated fatty acid on proliferative disorders of prostate.

Effectiveness and biological compatibility of different generations of dentin adhesives

Besides possessing good mechanical properties, dental materials should present a good biological behavior and should not injure the involved tissues. Bond strength and biocompatibility are both highly significant properties of dentin adhesives. For that matter, these properties of four generations of adhesive systems (Multi-Purpose/Single Bond/SE Plus/Easy Bond) were evaluated.Eighty bovine teeth had their dentin exposed (500- and 200-mu m thickness). Adhesive was applied on the dentin layer of each specimen. Following that, the microshearing test was performed for all samples. A dentin barrier test was used for the cytotoxicity evaluation. Cell cultures (SV3NeoB) were collected from testing materials by means of 200- or 500-mu m-thick dentin slices and placed in a cell culture perfusion chamber. Cell viability was measured 24 h post-exposition by means of a photometrical test (MTT test).The best bonding performance was shown by the single-step adhesive Easy Bond (21 MPa, 200 mu m; 27 MPa, 500 mu m) followed by Single Bond (15.6 MPa, 200 mu m; 23.4 MPa, 500 mu m), SE Plus (18.2 MPa, 200 mu m; 20 MPa, 500 mu m), and Multi-Purpose (15.2 MPa, 200 mu m; 17.9 MPa, 500 mu m). Regarding the cytotoxicity, Multi-Purpose slightly reduced the cell viability to 92 % (200 mu m)/93 % (500 mu m). Single Bond was reasonably cytotoxic, reducing cell viability to 71 % (200 mu m)/64 % (500 mu m). The self-etching adhesive Scotchbond SE decreased cell viability to 85 % (200 mu m)/71 % (500 mu m). Conversely, Easy Bond did not reduce cell viability in this test, regardless of the dentin thickness.Results showed that the one-step system had the best bond strength performance and was the least toxic to pulp cells. In multiple-step systems, a correct bonding technique must be done, and a pulp capping strategy is necessary for achieving good performance in both properties.The study showed a promising system (one-step self-etching), referring to it as a good alternative for specific cases, mainly due to its technical simplicity and good biological responses.

Methods to evaluate and strategies to improve the biocompatibility of dental materials and operative techniques

Objective. The general aim of this article is to describe the state-of-the-art of biocompatibility testing for dental materials, and present new strategies for improving operative dentistry techniques and the biocompatibility of dental materials as they relate to their interaction with the dentin-pulp complex.Methods. The literature was reviewed focusing on articles related to biocompatibilty testing, the dentin-pulp complex and new strategies and materials for operative dentistry. For this purpose, the PubMed database as well as 118 articles published in English from 1939 to 2014 were searched. Data concerning types of biological tests and standardization of in vitro and in vivo protocols employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of dental materials were also searched from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), International Standards Organization (ISO) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI).Results. While there is an ongoing search for feasible strategies in the molecular approach to direct the repair or regeneration of structures that form the oral tissues, it is necessary for professionals to master the clinical therapies available at present. In turn, these techniques must be applied based on knowledge of the morphological and physiological characteristics of the tissues involved, as well as the physical, mechanical and biologic properties of the biomaterials recommended for each specific situation. Thus, particularly within modern esthetic restorative dentistry, the use of minimally invasive operative techniques associated with the use of dental materials with excellent properties and scientifically proved by means of clinical and laboratory studies must be a routine for dentists. This professional and responsible attitude will certainly result in greater possibility of achieving clinical success, benefiting patients and dentists themselves.Signcance. This article provides a general and critical view of the relations that permeate the interaction between dental materials and the dentin-pulp complex, and establish real possibilities and strategies that favor biocompatibility of the present and new products used in Dentistry, which will certainly benefit clinicians and their patients. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Análise hematológica por hemograma, creatinina, triglicérides e colesterol em ratos diabéticos portadores de infecção pulpar e/ou periodontal

Pós-graduação em Ciência Odontólogica - FOA

Relação entre materiais dentários e o complexo dentino-pulpar

Despite the strong valorization of the esthetics and its relationship with restorative materials, the biological principles of any clinical procedure are extremely important to maintain the vitality of the dentin-pulp complex. Dentin and pulp tissue are susceptible to different kinds of irritants such as toxins from microorganisms, traumatic procedures of cavity preparation, as well as toxic components released by restorative materials applied in non recommended clinical situations. Initially, the pulp responds to irritation by starting an inflammatory reaction which involves outward movement of dentinal fluid and intratubular deposition of immunoglobulins, upregulation of odontoblast activities, presence of immune cells and their cytokines as well as local expression of neuropeptides and chemokines. After these initial events, the inflammation process can be resolved associated or not to sclerotic dentin formation and reactionary dentin deposition. If high intensity offensive stimuli are applied to the dentin-pulp complex, death of odontoblasts takes place and consequently pulp ageing or even partial necrosis of this tissue may occurs. Thereby, clinicians need to be aware about the physiological and pathological features of the dentin-pulp complex as well as the possible biological consequences of different clinical procedures. In this way, the dentists should be able to carry out minimally aggressive operative techniques and to select the more appropriate restorative materials for each specific clinical situation in order to obtain excellent clinical results associated to the maintenance of pulp vitality.

Efeitos do LPS bacteriano nos processos funcionais e de diferenciação de células progenitoras da polpa dentária

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Antitumor activity of irradiated riboflavin on human renal carcinoma cell line 786-O

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Incorporation of Ca, P, and Si on bioactive coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation: The role of electrolyte concentration and treatment duration

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Er:YAG laser on CaF2 formation and its anticariogenic action on human enamel: An in vitro study

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er: YAG laser on the formation of CaF2, after the application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), and its influence on the anti-cariogenic action in human dental enamel. Background Data: Er:YAG laser was designed to promote ablation of the enamel. However, the possibility of using this energy to increase the enamel's resistance to caries has hardly been explored, and neither has its interaction with the use of fluorides. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty blocks of enamel were allocated to four groups of 30 blocks each: (1) C, control group; (2) Er:YAG, laser; (3) APF; and (4) Er:YAG+APF. Of these, 80 blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 14 days. In the other 40 blocks, fluoride (CaF2) was measured before cycling. After pH cycling, surface microhardness (SMH), microhardness in cross-section (converted to mineral contents % vol. min.), and fluoride after cycling (40 blocks) were also determined. Results: SMH decreased in all groups. The control group showed the highest decrease, and Er:YAG+APF showed the lowest decrease (p < 0.05). Groups APF and Er:YAG showed the same results (p > 0.05). Mineral content at depths 10, 20, and 40 μm was lower in the control and Er:YAG groups, and higher in groups APF and Er:YAG+APF. CaF2 (μgF/cm2) deposited before pH cycling was higher in the APF group when compared to the Er:YAG+APF group. Control and Er:YAG groups showed the lowest values (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that Er:YAG laser influenced the deposition of CaF2 on the enamel and showed a superficial anti-cariogenic action, but not in depth.

Efeitos do LRP6 e Frizzled6 na diferenciação endotelial de DPSC

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de biomateriais no crescimento e funcionalidade de células progenitoras da polpa dentária

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Effect of different restorative procedures on the fracture resistance of teeth submitted to internal bleaching

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different restorative procedures on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth submitted to intracoronal bleaching. Fifty upper central incisors were distributed into 5 groups: GI - healthy teeth; GII - endodontically treated teeth sealed with Coltosol; GIII - endodontically treated teeth bleached and sealed with Coltosol; GIV - endodontically treated teeth bleached and restored with composite resin; and GV - endodontically treated teeth bleached and restored with a fiberglass post and composite resin. In the bleached specimens, a cervical seal was made prior to bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide. The gel was applied on the buccal surface and in the pulp chamber, and was then light-activated for 45 s. This procedure was repeated three times per session for four sessions, and each group was submitted to the restorative procedures described above. The specimens were submitted to fracture resistance testing in a universal testing machine. There were statistically significant differences among the groups (p < 0.05). The mean value found for GIII was the lowest (0.32 kN) and was significantly different from the values found for GI (0.75 kN), GII (0.67 kN), GIV (0.70 kN), and GV (0.72 kN), which were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05). The restorative procedures using composite resin were found to successfully restore the fracture resistance of endodontically treated and bleached teeth.

FTIR and SEM analysis of CO2 laser irradiated human enamel

Objectives: Considering the enamel chemical structure, especially carbonate band, which has a major role in the caries prevention, the objective of the present study was to assess the chemical alterations on the enamel irradiated with CO2 laser by means of FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. Design: The enamel surfaces were analysed on a spectrometer for acquisition of the absorption spectrum relative to the chemical composition of the control sample. The irradiation was conducted with a 10.6-mu m CO2 laser (0.55 W, 660 W/cm(2)). The carbonate absorption band at 1600-1291 cm(-1) as well as the water absorption band at 3793-2652 cm(-1) was measured in each sample after the irradiation. The water band was measured again 24-h after the irradiation. The band area of each chemical compound was delimited, the background was subtracted, and the area under each band was integrated. Each area was normalized by the phosphate band (1190-702 cm(-1)). Results: There was a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the water content after irradiation (control: 0.184 +/- 0.04; irradiated: 0.078 +/- 0.026), which increased again after rehydration (0.145 +/- 0.038). The carbonate/phosphate ratio was measured initially (0.112 +/- 0.029) and its reduction after irradiation indicated the carbonate loss (0.088 +/- 0.014) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The 10.6-mu m CO2 laser irradiation diminishes the carbonate and water contents in the enamel after irradiation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and characterization of a diruthenium(II,III)-ketoprofen compound and study of the in vitro effects on CRC cells in comparison to the naproxen and ibuprofen derivatives

A new diruthenium(II,III) complex, of formula [Ru2Cl(ket)(4)], Ruket, containing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen was synthesized and mainly characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), UV-Vis-IR electronic spectroscopy and FTIR and Raman vibrational spectroscopies. The four drug-carboxylato bridging ligands stabilize a Ru-2(II,III) mixed valent core in a paddlewheel type structure as confirmed by ESI mass spectra, electronic and vibrational spectroscopies and magnetic measurements. Ruket and the analogous compounds containing ibuprofen, Ruibp, and naproxen, Runpx, were tested for the biological effects in the human colon carcinoma cells HT-29 and Caco-2 expressing high and low levels of COX-2 respectively. All compounds only weakly affected the proliferation of the colorectal cancer cells HT-29 and Caco-2, and similarly only partially inhibited the production/activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by HT-29 cells, suggesting that COX-2 inhibition by these drugs can only partially be involved in the pharmacological effects of these derivatives. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Clinical Diagnosis of Pulp Inflammation Based on Pulp Oxygenation Rates Measured by Pulse Oximetry

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate correlations between pulp oxygenation rates (%SpO(2)) and clinical diagnoses of reversible pulpitis (RP), irreversible pulpitis (IP), or pulp necrosis (PN). Methods: Sixty patients who presented with a tooth with endodontic pathology were grouped according to a clinical diagnosis of either RP (n = 20), IP (n = 20), or PN (n = 20). The clinical diagnosis was based on the patient's dental history, periapical radiographs, clinical inspection, and percussion and thermal sensitivity testing. Pulse oximetry (PO) was used to determine pulp oxygenation rates. For every patient, one additional endodontically treated tooth (negative control [NC], n = 60) and one additional healthy tooth with healthy pulp status (positive control [PC], n = 60) were evaluated. Analysis of variance, the Tukey HSD test, and the Student's t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean % SpO(2) levels were as follows: RP: 87.4% (standard deviation [SD] +/- 2.46), IP: 83.1% (SD +/- 2.29), PN: 74.6% (SD +/- 1.96), PC: 92.2% (SD +/- 1.84), and NC: 0% (SD +/- 0.0). There were statistically significant differences between RP, IP, and PM compared with NC and PC and between RP, IP, and PN (all P <= .01). Conclusions: The evaluation of pulp oxygenation rates by PO may be a useful tool to determine the different inflammatory stages of the pulp to aid in endodontic diagnosis. (JEndod 2012;38:880-883)