The 1420 Ma Indiavai Mafic Intrusion (SW Amazonian Craton): Paleomagnetic results and implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The configuration and the timing of assembly and break-up of Columbia are still matter of debate. In order to improve our knowledge about the Mesoproterozoic evolution of Columbia, a paleomagnetic study was carried out on the 1420 Ma Indiavai mafic intrusive rocks that crosscut the polycyclic Proterozoic basement of the SW Amazonian Craton, in southwestern Mato Grosso State (Brazil). Alternating field and thermal demagnetization revealed south/southwest ChRM directions with downward inclinations for sixteen analyzed sites. These directions are probably carried by SD/PSD magnetite with high coercivities and high unblocking temperatures as indicated by additional rock magnetic tests, including thermomagnetic data, hysteresis data and the progressive acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization. Different stable magnetization components isolated in host rocks from the basement 10 km NW away to the Indiavai intrusion, further support the primary origin of the ChRM. A mean of the site mean directions was calculated at Dm = 209.8 degrees, Im = 50.7 degrees (alpha(95) = 8.0 degrees, K = 22.1), which yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 249.7 degrees E, 57.0 degrees S (A(95) = 8.6 degrees). The similarity of this pole with the recently published 1420 Ma pole from the Nova Guarita dykes in northern Mato Grosso State suggests a similar tectonic framework for these two sites located 600 km apart, implying the bulk rigidity of the Rondonian-San Ignacio crust at that time. Furthermore these data provide new insights on the tectonic significance of the 1100-1000 Ma Nova Brasilandia belt-a major EW feature that cuts across the basement rocks of this province, which can now be interpreted as intracratonic, in contrast to previous interpretation. From a global perspective, a new Mesoproterozoic paleogeography of Columbia has been proposed based on comparison of these 1420 Ma poles and a 1780 Ma pole from Amazonia with other paleomagnetic poles of similar age from Baltica and Laurentia, a reconstruction in agreement with geological correlations. (C) 2012 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.

Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children?

Renner AC, da Silva AAM, Rodriguez JDM, Simoes VMF, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Thomaz EBAF, Saraiva MC. Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract Objectives: Previous studies have found an association between bruxism and emotional and behavioral problems in children, but reported data are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bruxism, and of its components clenching and grinding, and its associations with mental problems and depression. Methods: Data from two Brazilian birth cohorts were analyzed: one from 869 children in Ribeirao Preto RP (Sao Paulo), a more developed city, and the other from 805 children in Sao Luis SL (Maranhao). Current bruxism evaluated by means of a questionnaire applied to the parents/persons responsible for the children was defined when the habit of tooth clenching during daytime and/or tooth grinding at night still persisted until the time of the assessment. Additionally, the lifetime prevalence of clenching during daytime only and grinding at night only was also evaluated. Mental health problems were investigated using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and depression using the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI). Analyses were carried out for each city: with the SDQ subscales (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, attention/hyperactivity disorder), with the total score (sum of the subscales), and with the CDI. These analyses were performed considering different response variables: bruxism, clenching only, and grinding only. The risks were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Statistical inferences were based on 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: There was a high prevalence of current bruxism: 28.7% in RP and 30.0% in SL. The prevalence of clenching was 20.3% in RP and 18.8% in SL, and grinding was found in 35.7% of the children in RP and 39.1% in SL. Multivariable analysis showed a significant association of bruxism with emotional symptoms and total SDQ score in both cities. When analyzed separately, teeth clenching was associated with emotional symptoms, peer problems, and total SDQ score; grinding was significantly associated with emotional symptoms and total SDQ score in RP and SL. Female sex appeared as a protective factor for bruxism, and for clenching and grinding in RP. Furthermore, maternal employment outside the home and white skin color of children were associated with increased prevalence of teeth clenching in SL. Conclusions: Mental health problems were associated with bruxism, with teeth clenching only and grinding at night only. No association was detected between depression and bruxism, neither clenching nor grinding. But it is necessary to be cautious regarding the inferences from some of our results.

Tectonic implications of the 1419 Ma Nova Guarita mafic intrusives paleomagnetic pole (Amazonian Craton) on the longevity of Nuna

The Nuna supercontinent was probably assembled in the Paleoproterozoic, but its paleogeography and the timing for its demise are stills matter of debate. A paleomagnetic and geochronological study carried out on the Mesoproterozoic Nova Guarita dyke swarm (northern Mato Grosso State, SW Amazonian Craton) provides additional constraints on the duration of this supercontinent. Paleomagnetic AF and thermal treatment revealed south/southwest (northeast) magnetic directions with downward (upward) inclinations for 19 analyzed sites. These directions are carried by PSD magnetite with high unblocking temperatures as indicated by additional magnetic tests, including thermomagnetic curves, hysteresis loops and the progressive acquisition of isothermal remanence in selected samples. A positive contact test with the host granite in one of the studied dykes further attests to the primary origin of the characteristic magnetic component. A mean site direction was calculated at D-m = 220.5 degrees, I-m = 45.9 degrees (alpha(95) = 6.5 degrees, K = 27.7), which yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 245.9 degrees E, 47.9 degrees S (A(95) = 7.0 degrees). Ar-40/Ar-39 dating carried out on biotites from four analyzed dykes yielded well-defined plateau ages with a mean of 1418.5 +/- 3.5 Ma. The Nova Guarita pole precludes a long-lived Nuna configuration in which Laurentia, Baltica, North China, and Amazonia formed a long and continuous block as previously proposed for the Paleoproterozoic. It is nevertheless fully compatible with a SAMBA (Amazonia-Baltica) link at Mesoproterozoic times. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil, 2005 through 2009: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Hepatitis C chronic liver disease is a major cause of liver transplant in developed countries. This article reports the first nationwide population-based survey conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies and associated risk factors in the urban population of Brazil. Methods The cross sectional study was conducted in all Brazilian macro-regions from 2005 to 2009, as a stratified multistage cluster sample of 19,503 inhabitants aged between 10 and 69 years, representing individuals living in all 26 State capitals and the Federal District. Hepatitis C antibodies were detected by a third-generation enzyme immunoassay. Seropositive individuals were retested by Polymerase Chain Reaction and genotyped. Adjusted prevalence was estimated by macro-regions. Potential risk factors associated with HCV infection were assessed by calculating the crude and adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p values. Population attributable risk was estimated for multiple factors using a case–control approach. Results The overall weighted prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies was 1.38% (95% CI: 1.12%–1.64%). Prevalence of infection increased in older groups but was similar for both sexes. The multivariate model showed the following to be predictors of HCV infection: age, injected drug use (OR = 6.65), sniffed drug use (OR = 2.59), hospitalization (OR = 1.90), groups socially deprived by the lack of sewage disposal (OR = 2.53), and injection with glass syringe (OR = 1.52, with a borderline p value). The genotypes 1 (subtypes 1a, 1b), 2b and 3a were identified. The estimated population attributable risk for the ensemble of risk factors was 40%. Approximately 1.3 million individuals would be expected to be anti-HCV-positive in the country. Conclusions The large estimated absolute numbers of infected individuals reveals the burden of the disease in the near future, giving rise to costs for the health care system and society at large. The known risk factors explain less than 50% of the infected cases, limiting the prevention strategies. Our findings regarding risk behaviors associated with HCV infection showed that there is still room for improving strategies for reducing transmission among drug users and nosocomial infection, as well as a need for specific prevention and control strategies targeting individuals living in poverty.

Variabilidade genética para caracteres juvenis de progênies de Cedrela fissilis Vell.: subsídio para definição de zonas de coleta e uso de sementes

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferenças genéticas entre três grupos de matrizes de Cedrela fissilis a partir de variáveis quantitativas juvenis em teste de progênies, para delinear zonas de coleta e uso de sementes da espécie na região de estudo, bem como avaliar a variabilidade genética do material amostrado. Instalou-se um teste de progênies, em viveiro, a partir de sementes de 48 matrizes amostradas nos Municípios de Rio Negrinho, Mafra e São Bento do Sul, no Estado de Santa Catarina; e em Lapa, Rio Negro, Campo do Tenente e Antonio Olinto, no Estado do Paraná. Das matrizes coletadas, 33 encontravam-se distribuídas em três grupos espaciais e 15 dispersas na região. O delineamento em blocos casualizados com oito repetições e 20 plantas por parcela foi empregado. Os dados avaliados incluíram: índice de velocidade de emergência, diâmetro do colo e altura das mudas (aos 61, 102 e 145 dias após a semeadura); sobrevivência, número de folhas por muda, massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz e área foliar da terceira folha totalmente expandida a contar do ápice. A metodologia de máxima verossimilhança restrita foi utilizada para a análise estatística, com o auxílio do software SELEGEN. Verificou-se que os caracteres juvenis apresentam elevado controle genético, podendo ser utilizados para avaliação da variabilidade genética de amostras de populações da espécie. Os três grupos de matrizes delimitados espacialmente não apresentam diferenças genéticas significativas, sendo possível inferir que as três áreas pertencem a uma mesma zona de coleta e uso de sementes

Rapid assessment survey for exotic benthic species in the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil

The study of biological invasions can be roughly divided into three parts: detection, monitoring, mitigation. Here, our objectives were to describe the marine fauna of the area of the port of São Sebastião (on the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, in the São Sebastião Channel, SSC) to detect introduced species. Descriptions of the faunal community of the SSC with respect to native and allochthonous (invasive or potentially so) diversity are lacking for all invertebrate groups. Sampling was carried out by specialists within each taxonomic group, in December 2009, following the protocol of the Rapid Assessment Survey (RAS) in three areas with artificial structures as substrates. A total of 142 species were identified (61 native, 15 introduced, 62 cryptogenic, 4 not classified), of which 17 were Polychaeta (12, 1, 1, 3), 24 Ascidiacea (3, 6, 15, 0), 36 Bryozoa (17, 0, 18, 1), 27 Cmdana (2, 1, 24, 0), 20 Crustacea (11, 4, 5, 0), 2 Entoprocta (native), 16 Mollusca (13, 3, 0, 0). Twelve species are new occurrences for the SSC. Among the introduced taxa, two are new for coastal Brazil. Estimates of introduced taxa are conservative as the results of molecular studies suggest that some species previously considered cryptogenic are indeed introduced. We emphasize that the large number of cryptogenic species illustrates the need for a long-term monitoring program, especially in areas most susceptible to bioinvasion. We conclude that rapid assessment studies, even in relatively well-known regions, can be very useful for the detection of introduced species and we recommend that they be carried out on a larger scale in all ports with heavy ship traffic.

Desenvolvimento de modelo matemático de otimização logística para o transporte multimodal de safras agrícolas pelo corredor centro-oeste

Este artigo apresenta um modelo matemático de otimização logística para o transporte multimodal de safras agrícolas pelo corredor Centro-Oeste. Tal ferramenta foi desenvolvida no contexto de três amplos projetos de pesquisa financiados pela FINEP e executados por um grupo de universidades. O modelo, conhecido genericamente como Modelo de fluxo de Custo Mínimo Multiproduto, considera a otimização de fluxos em rede, para os produtos açúcar, álcool, milho, soja, óleo de soja, farelo de soja e trigo. O modelo proposto para estimativa dos fluxos inter-regionais mostrou-se uma ferramenta factível para fins de avaliação do potencial de utilização da multimodalidade. A análise destes resultados gera importantes subsídios para a seleção dos locais com potencial para instalação de mecanismos e equipamentos de transferência de cargas, além de auxiliar no dimensionamento dessas infraestruturas. Também é um resultado importante do ferramental desenvolvido a identificação das zonas de cargas que apresentam potencial captável pelas ferrovias, hidrovias e dutovias, ou seja, possibilita a identificação das regiões que revelam potencial para uso da multimodalidade.

150 anos de aporte de metais antropogênicos emu ma reserva da Biosfera: o Estudo de caso do sistema costeiro Cananéia-Iguape, Sudeste do Brasil.

Devido às suas cracaterísticas físico‐químicas e geológicas, estuários e lagunas acham‐se entre os ambientes mais sensíveis para a contaminação de metais e, em vários casos, este aporte de metais está relacionado à atividade mineira nas áreas a montante do curso de água, não raro a muitos quilômetros de distância. O sistema Cananéia‐Iguape consiste em um complexo de canais estuarino‐lagunares, localizados na Reserva da Biosfera do Lagamar. Esses canais são bordejados por vegetação de mangue exuberante, e são um importante criadouro natural de espécies de organismos de interesse commercial, e base da economia da população local.

Evaluación del impacto medioambiental sobre zonas costeras en condiciones de oleaje y contaminación extremales

[ES] En este trabajo se utilizan los principios generales de la óptica geométrica y la forma del espectro teórico de oleaje TMA (basado en datos experimentales) para derivar un modelo numérico aplicable en aguas de poca profundidad, cuyo objetivo final es prever los impactos medioambientales provocados en condiciones de oleaje y contaminación extremales. Este modelo es puesto en práctica en una zona costera del archipiélago canario, siendo sus resultados bastante coherentes con los observados en situaciones reales.

O avesso do avesso. Una letteratura di São Paulo

La città di São Paulo è la più grande megalopoli dell’emisfero sud. Alle sue dimensioni esagerate corrisponde una complessità sociale che è difficile afferrare e comprendere nella sua interezza. Questo lavoro analizza come la letteratura brasiliana contemporanea affronti il problema della rappresentazione della megalopoli. Allo stesso tempo, ci si propone di indagare in che modo la scrittura risenta del contesto in cui viene prodotta mettendo in relazione la forma caotica e dispersiva della città con la frammentazione riscontrata nelle opere letterarie. In particolare, sono state analizzate le opere di João Antônio e Luiz Ruffato in cui la città appare non solo come scenario delle vicende narrate, ma come protagonista della narrazione. Nei primi due capitoli sono stati affrontati temi di carattere urbanistico, politico, economico e sociale per descrivere alcune delle dinamiche che nel secolo scorso hanno interessato São Paulo, trasformando la città da piccolo centro di provincia in enorme megalopoli. Privilegiando un approccio di tipo culturale, nel descrivere il processo storico sono stati presi in considerazione testi letterari, film e documenti fotografici oltre che contributi provenienti dalla sociologia e da altre aree delle scienze umane. Quando sono state trattate questioni che hanno interessato l’intero Brasile, come l’abolizione della schiavitù e l’insorgere negli ultimi decenni del preoccupante fenomeno della violenza urbana, è stato necessario uscire dalla dimensione locale per accennare al Paese come Stato nazionale. In questi casi, si è cercato di non cadere nella trappola di un discorso che rappresenti la realtà brasiliana come omogenea. Piuttosto, attraverso una prospettiva critica, si è cercato di far emergere alcune delle molteplici sfaccettature del Brasile, dando particolare rilievo a quelle voci che nel discorso ufficiale sono state emarginate. Lo stesso vale per São Paulo. La tesi sostenuta in questo lavoro è che non esista una São Paulo unica né unitaria; esiste una città diversa a seconda dell’angolo da cui la si osserva. Ciò diventa evidente nelle opere letterarie analizzate nel III capitolo: i racconti di João Antônio, il romanzo di Luiz Ruffato, le mini cronache raccolte per strada di Fernando Bonassi. Senza ambire a un’impossibile visione d’insieme, ognuna di queste opere mette in scena frammenti della realtà paulistana e crea una cartografia propria della città.

Gerd Schwerhoff and Alex Kästner, eds., Göttlicher Zorn und menschliches Maß: Religiöse Abweichung in frühneuzeitlichen Stadtgemeinschaften (Constance: UVK, 2013)

This book presents six essays by researchers associated with the Technological University of Dresden’s collaborative research centre, Transzendenz und Gemeinsinn, on the interesting theme of religious deviance in early modern cities. As Gerd Schwerhoff and Alexander Kästner make clear in the introduction, early modern religious deviance is a broad concept, and one difficult to delimit, particularly because most early modern secular crimes—theft, adultery, witchcraft and magic, blasphemy—were also sins. Should such offences fall under the rubric of secular or religious deviance? Historians have traditionally approached these offences as secular (and indeed, they were commonly prosecuted in ‘secular’ courts), but one cannot help but see their religious roots. Moreover, religious deviance also encompassed divergence over confessional practices and doctrinal beliefs among Catholics, Protestants, Anabaptists, Calvinists, and so on. To try and demarcate this broad field, Schwerhoff and Kästner advocate using the ‘labelling approach’, drawn from sociology and previously used in Schwerhoff’s work: that is, behaviour only becomes deviant when contemporaries classified (or labelled) it as such (p. 27).

Ar-40/Ar-39 Evidence for Middle Proterozoic (1300-1500 Ma) Slow Cooling of the Southern Black Hills, South Dakota, Midcontinent, North America: Implications for Early Proterozoic P-T Evolution and Posttectonic Magmatism

Ar-40/Ar-39 total gas and plateau dates from muscovite and biotite in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota, provide evidence for a period of Middle Proterozoic slow cooling. Early Proterozoic (1600-1650 Ma) mica dates were obtained from metasedimentary rocks located in a synformal structure between the Harney Peak and Bear Mountain domes and also south of Bear Mountain. Metamorphic rocks from the dome areas and undeformed samples of the similar to 1710 Ma Harney Peak Granite (HPG) yield Middle Proterozoic mica dates (similar to 1270-1500 Ma). Two samples collected between the synform and Bear Mountain dome yield intermediate total gas mica dates of similar to 1550 Ma. We suggest two end-member interpretations to explain the map pattern of cooling ages: (1) subhorizontal slow cooling of an area which exhibits variation in mica Ar retention intervals or (2) mild folding of a Middle Proterozoic (similar to 1500 Ma) similar to 300 degrees C isotherm. According to the second interpretation, the preservation of older dates between the domes may reflect reactivation of a preexisting synformal structure (and downwarping of relatively cold rocks) during a period of approximately east-west contraction and slow uplift during the Middle Proterozoic. The mica data, together with hornblende data from the Black Hills published elsewhere, indicate that the ambient country-rock temperature at the 3-4 kbar depth of emplacement of the HPG was between 350 degrees C and 500 degrees C, suggesting that the average upper crustal geothermal gradient was 25 degrees-40 degrees C/km prior to intrusion. The thermochronologic data suggest HPG emplacement was followed by a similar to 200 m.y. period of stability and tectonic quiescence with little uplift. We propose that crust thickened during the Early Proterozoic was uplifted and erosionally(?) thinned prior to similar to 1710 Ma and that the HPG magma was emplaced into isostatically stable crust of relatively normal thickness. We speculate that uplift and crustal thinning prior to HPG intrusion was the result of differential thinning of the subcrustal lithosphere beneath the Black Hills. If so, this process would have also caused an increase in mantle heat flux across the Moho and triggered vapor-absent melting of biotite to produce the HPG magma. This scenario for posttectonic granite generation is supported, in part, by the fact that in the whole of the Black Hills, the HPG is spatially associated with the deepest exposed Early Proterozoic country rock.

The sediment record of the past 200 years in a Swiss high-alpine lake: Hagelseewli (2339 ma.s.l.)

Sediment cores spanning the last two centuries were taken in Hagelseewli, a high-elevation lake in the Swiss Alps. Contiguous 0.5 cm samples were analysed for biological remains, including diatoms, chironomids, cladocera, chrysophyte cysts, and fossil pigments. In addition, sedimentological and geochemical variables such as loss-on-ignition, total carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, grain-size and magnetic mineralogy were determined. The results of these analyses were compared to a long instrumental air temperature record that was adapted to the elevation of Hagelseewli by applying mean monthly lapse rates. During much of the time, the lake is in the shadow of a high cliff to the south, so that the lake is ice-covered during much of the year and thus decoupled from climatic forcing. Lake biology is therefore influenced more by the duration of ice-cover than by direct temperature effects during the short open-water season. Long periods of ice-cover result in anoxic water conditions and dissolution of authigenic calcites, leading to carbonate-free sediments. The diversity of chironomid and cladoceran assemblages is extremely low, whereas that of diatom and chrysophyte cyst assemblages is much higher. Weak correlations were observed between the diatom and chrysophyte cyst assemblages on the one hand and summer or autumn air temperatures on the other, but the proportion of variance explained is low, so that air temperature alone cannot account for the degree of variation observed in the paleolimnological record. Analyses of mineral magnetic parameters, spheroidal carbonaceous particles and lead suggest that atmospheric pollution has had a significant effect on the sediments of Hagelseewli, but little effect on the water quality as reflected in the lake biota.

Re.Sa.Ma.Ja.V - Patrimonio, Historia y Turismo: Plan Estratégico Situacional (PES) del Territorio de las Misiones del Uruguay. 16H282

Durante el transcurso del proyecto que se informa el equipo ha desarrollado múltiples actividades consistentes en las programadas y otras que son el resultado de los proyectos aprobados con financiamiento de múltiples instituciones. Las principales actividades a mencionar son de investigación, formación de recursos humanos y extensión. Cabe citar las actividades de formación de recursos humanos desarrolladas en el marco del programa de fortalecimiento a la extensión universitaria PROFAE, el Voluntariado Universitario, las becas CIN (Consejo Interuniversitario Nacional) Beca de estímulo a las vocaciones científicas 2012 y las becas del CEDIT (Comité Ejecutivo de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica). En cuanto a investigación y extensión hemos trabajado con la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, las actividades de Voluntariado Universitario con fondos de la SPU y actividades financiadas por el Programa de fortalecimiento a la extensión universitaria SPU: Redes y Promoción de las actividades de la Universidad en el exterior. Las actividades que se han desarrollado durante 2009/11 se informan en el punto 2.1.2 Acciones de transferencia que resulten del Proyecto de Investigación y que estén acreditados a través de convenios, disposiciones, contratos, etc. Otras actividades realizadas en el período: En el transcurso del período se han efectuado numerosas actividades tendientes a generar vínculos e interactuar con diversos actores locales. Salidas de reconocimiento del área de estudio y encuentros con actores locales en Concepción de la Sierra: Se han visitado las localidades de Concepción de la Sierra y Santa María. Se llevaron a cabo contactos y entrevistas con vecinos de Concepción de la Sierra, el párroco que atiende toda el área, directivo del área de Deportes del municipio, visita a la casa de la cultura y algunos sitios de interés relacionado al patrimonio jesuítico. Los agentes con quienes se ha contactado, manifestaron su preocupación por los bienes patrimoniales que se fueron perdiendo a lo largo de su historia reciente o que se llevaron para formar parte de museos de otras ciudades, la cual se plantean como una tarea pendiente su recupero. A raíz de esta situación, quienes poseen bienes encontrados o heredados, mantienen su apropiación hasta tanto no consideren políticas y espacios de exposición seguros y adecuados para su conservación y protección. Asimismo, se ha observado en la visita a la ciudad, la excavación por parte de particulares de restos misionales para construcciones privadas sin la presencia evidente de ninguna figura legal que proteja o regule el uso o restricción de dichos elementos. Cabe señalar, que los encuentros con los habitantes, fueron de carácter espontáneo, quienes se acercaron por iniciativa propia a los miembros del equipo de investigación, para expresar su desazón por la falta de política e inacción de sectores que tienen la facultad de decisión. También se ha observado un clima hostil de algunos manifestantes hacia el intendente de Concepción (2010) debido a gestiones poco claras según expresaron los actores con quienes se ha contactado, lo cual era evidente en el panorama de disconformidad que se presentaba en la ciudad y que se venía sosteniendo desde el mes de diciembre de 2009. Al mismo tiempo, el párroco señaló que tenían expectativas de planificar y organizar el espacio donde se erige la Iglesia, pero sus proyectos llevaban largo tiempo de espera por parte del organismo de cultura de la provincia, a quienes expusieron dichos proyectos. Observación: Los habitantes de Concepción de la Sierra, expresa su interés por el pasado, su historia y su identidad basado en la apropiación de los procesos que se desarrollan en el territorio. Están ansiosos y ávidos de dar a conocer ese pasado bajo condiciones viables de exposición y decisiones políticas acorde para la protección y seguridad. Es necesario un ordenamiento del territorio, regulación y zonificación con fines de protección, conservación y exposición del patrimonio local, incluyendo el legado jesuítico. Conversaciones en Santa María: Continuando con el recorrido por la zona, se visitó en varias oportunidades la Escuela de Familia Agrícola en el municipio de Santa María, establecimiento educativo con quien ya se han desarrollado otras actividades en proyectos anteriores, tanto de Investigación como de Extensión. De estos encuentros surgen solicitudes vinculadas a la posible construcción de la Represa Garabí, que afectaría a propiedades de familias de alumnos quienes desconocen el impacto ambiental resultante y las tierras que se inundarían si se concretase dicha obra. Requieren en ese sentido charlas y reuniones informativas con especialistas para que clarifiquen la situación derivada. También se visitó un emprendimiento familiar de elaboración, envasado y distribución de rapadura artesanal en el Paraje La Corita. El proceso consiste en la adquisición de leche de ordeñe que provee una vecina y de otro productor local, para luego iniciar la cocción, reservar y luego prepararlo para la distribución en la zona, incluyendo a la localidad San Javier y otros compradores de otros lugares que conocían el producto y se acercaban periódicamente a comprar cierta cantidad para revenderlo. El producto presenta dos variantes: 1. De leche y azúcar, 2. De leche, azúcar y maní. Según indicaron, cada vez es mayor la demanda y se encuentran analizando el modo de aumentar la producción. La difusión se dio básicamente bajo la modalidad del boca a boca o boca oreja. La Misión de Santa María La Mayor, amerita una visita toda vez que concurrimos al área, tanto por las acciones llevadas a cabo en este sitio, como también para recabar información y mantener el vínculo e interactuar con los gestores del patrimonio. Un dulce encuentro en San Javier: El 15 de abril de 2010 se concurrió a la localidad de San Javier, ocasión en la que se visita el Cerro que evoca la batalla de Mobororé sobre el río Uruguay en el que se construye la casa del bicentenario, el deteriorado hotel del ACA (Automóvil Club Argentino), el ingenio azucarero, el museo jesuítico, el Cerro Monje, y un camping. En el Cerro, conocido como “el cerrito” sobre el río Uruguay, el intendente explicó las acciones llevadas a cabo y los proyectos en vías de desarrollo. En la casa en construcción de la casa del bicentenario, se llevarían a cabo diversas actividades culturales, allí también existe un anfiteatro que se recuperaría teniendo en cuenta la vista excepcional del río y el entorno paisajístico desde este espacio en altura. Inmediatamente anexo se halla el viejo edificio del Hotel del ACA, que se encuentra en planes de concesionarlo para su restauración. Asimismo, el intendente explicó que se ha trabajado en forma conjunta con una escuela especial creándose una comisión para la redacción de una ordenanza que ya se ha aprobado para favorecer a personas con capacidades especiales, en el que se reglamenta aspectos constructivos en toda la ciudad. También se ha impulsado la creación y promoción de un frigorífico cooperativo con productores de ganado de la zona, contemplando aspectos de calidad y posterior comercialización, y que está encaminándose exitosamente. En el ingenio azucarero, el Ingeniero a cargo, explicó las diversas actividades que se realizaba en esos momentos de desarme de las maquinarias, debido a que no se realizaba la zafra en esa época. Aclaró también las posibilidades de ampliar la producción de azúcar si se pudiera adquirir moderna maquinaria sin un costo excesivo. A la vez explicó de qué manera se controlan a los productores de caña de azúcar que se inscriben para cumplir con los requisitos para la producción orgánica, considerando que San Javier forma parte de la cuenca orgánica, un programa del Ministerio del Agro y la Producción. Ello redunda en un precio más elevado para dichos productores. También se llevan a cabo otras investigaciones para la producción de derivados, a través de convenios con Cuba, como la elaboración de ron, licores, entre otros usos. El museo jesuítico que se halla en la plaza principal, se encuentra poco organizado y no adecuado para la contención de los bienes patrimoniales, así como el diseño, la exposición e interpretación para la visita. El camping de San Javier, sobre el río Uruguay, se enseñorea de un paisaje de excepcional belleza, ofreciendo la posibilidad de alojarse en cabañas y carpas y realizar actividades en el río, paseos en canoa y pesca en épocas permitidas. San Javier es también, un centro de peregrinación que convoca a miles de fieles en Semana Santa, provenientes de localidades aledañas. El punto culminante es el Cerro Monje, en cuya cima se erige una capilla y espacio para acampar. Desde este lugar, se tiene una amplia visión panorámica del río y del lindero país, Brasil. Con las localidades próximas de este país, se realiza un encuentro de integración anual entre miembros y funcionarios de municipios de ambas orillas. El puerto de San Javier, con el servicio de balsa entre Porto Xavier y Porto Xavier (Brasil), desarrolla una intensa actividad comercial, destacándose la exportación de cebolla, papa y ajo, con largas esperas de un centenar de camiones que van y vienen continuamente. La distancia a recorrer entre ambas orillas es muy corta, lo que permite el cruce en pocos minutos. En verano además, es una de las principales vías de comunicación hacia las playas del sur de Brasil. A su paso, es posible observar, los cultivos de la planta que emana dulzura al saborear alguna infusión, la caña de azúcar, y que distingue a San Javier, la dulce. El desvío de la Ruta provincial N° 30, un proyecto de largo caminar: La Ruta provincial N° 30 que atraviesa la Misión de Santos Mártires del Japón, luego de una sostenida gestión de poco más de una década por parte del equipo de investigación ante autoridades locales, de Vialidad Provincial, del Programa Misiones Jesuíticas, finalmente concretó el desvío. El trazado se realizó mediante la gestión del Intendente para la cesión de tierras de los propietarios que circundan el Cerro para la ejecución de dicho desvío evitando circular sobre el mismo, y apaciguar el continuo deterioro de los restos pétreos protegidos por la selva de dicha misión, de importancia notable para estudios e investigaciones científicas que pudiera dar cuenta de informaciones relevantes secretamente guardados bajo la vegetación. En la presentación del nuevo trazado, se sumó una vecina y una concejal del municipio, además del referido intendente municipal, quienes amablemente nos brindaron un almuerzo de trabajo, además del apoyo para realizar otras actividades de indagación y puesta en escena de circuitos turísticos locales en bicicleta por la Ruta provincial N° 30. Durante 2011, también se recorrió la zona advirtiéndose que no están concluidas las obras de consolidación del desvío por lo que el acceso por el nuevo camino se hace muy dificultoso.