987 resultados para Villa della Farnesina.


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STUDY OBJECTIVE: Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) is a fluctuation of the arousal level during NREM sleep and consists of the alternation between two phases: phase A (divided into three subtypes A1, A2, and A3) and phase B. A1 is thought to be generated by the frontal cortex and is characterized by the presence of K complexes or delta bursts; additionally, CAP A1 seems to have a role in the involvement of sleep slow wave activity in cognitive processing. Our hypothesis was that an overall CAP rate would have a negative influence on cognitive performance due to excessive fluctuation of the arousal level during NREM sleep. However, we also predicted that CAP A1 would be positively correlated with cognitive functions, especially those related to frontal lobe functioning. For this reason, the objective of our study was to correlate objective sleep parameters with cognitive behavioral measures in normal healthy adults. METHODS: 8 subjects (4 males; 4 females; mean age 27.75 years, range 2334) were recruited for this study. Two nocturnal polysomnography (night 2 and 3 = N2 and N3) were carried out after a night of adaptation. A series of neuropsychological tests were performed by the subjects in the morning and afternoon of the second day (D2am; D2pm) and in the morning of the third day (D3am). Raw scores from the neuropsychological tests were used as dependent variables in the statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: We computed a series of partial correlations between sleep microstructure parameters (CAP, A1, A2 and A3 rate) and a number of indices of cognitive functioning. CAP rate was positively correlated with visuospatial working memory (Corsi block test), Trial Making Test Part A (planning and motor sequencing) and the retention of words from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). Conversely, CAP was negatively correlated with visuospatial fluency (Ruff Figure Fluency Test). CAP A1 were correlated with many of the tests of neuropsychological functioning, such as verbal fluency (as measured by the COWAT), working memory (as measured by the Digit Span – Backward test), and both delay recall and retention of the words from the HVLT. The same parameters were found to be negatively correlated with CAP A2 subtypes. CAP 3 were negatively correlated with the Trial Making Test Parts A and B. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge this is the first study indicating a role of CAP A1 and A2 on behavioral cognitive performance of healthy adults. The results suggest that high rate of CAP A1 might be related to an improvement whereas high rate of CAP A2 to a decline of cognitive functions. Further studies need to be done to better determine the role of the overall CAP rate and CAP A3 on cognitive behavioral performances.

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Indagine sulla varietà sintattica presente all'interno dei formalismi di specifica della semantica operazionale strutturale (SOS) di linguaggi di programmazione e calcolo di processi. Rassegna di tool di implementazione con attenzione al grado di copertura linguistica.

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Adaptation and acclimation to different temperatures of obligate psychrophilic, facultative psychrophilic and mesophilic yeasts. Production of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by fermentative way. Obligate psychrophilic, facultative psychrophilic and mesophilic yeasts were cultured in a carbon rich medium at different temperatures to investigate if growth parameters, lipid accumulation and fatty acid composition were adaptive and/or acclimatory responses. Acclimation of facultative psychrophiles and mesophiles to lower temperature negatively affected their specific growth rate. Obligate psychrophiles exhibited the highest biomass yield (YX/S), followed by facultative psychrophiles, then by mesophiles. The growth temperature did not influence the YX/S of facultative psychrophiles and mesophiles. Acclimation to lower temperature caused the increase in lipid yield (YL/X) in mesophilic yeasts, but did not affect YL/X in facultative psychrophiles. Similar YL/X were found in both facultative and obligated psychrophiles, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not a distinctive character of adaptation to permanently cold environments. The extent of unsaturation of fatty acids was one major adaptive feature of the yeasts which colonize permanently cold ecosystems. Remarkable amounts of α-linolenic acid were found in obligate psychrophiles at the expenses of linoleic acid, whereas it was generally scarce or absent in all the others strains. Increased unsaturation of fatty acids was also an acclimatory response of mesophiles and facultative psychrophiles to lower temperature. It’s well known that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) display a variety of beneficial effects on various organ systems and diseases, therefore a process for the microbial production of omega-3 PUFAs would be of great interest. This work sought also to investigate if one of the better psychrophilic yeast, Rhodotorula glacialis DBVPG 4785, stimulated by acclamatory responses, produced omega-3 PUFAs. In fact, the adaptation of psychrophilic yeasts to cold niches is related to the production of higher amounts of lipids and to increased unsaturation degree of fatty acids, presumably to maintain membrane fluidity and functionality at low temperatures. Bioreactor fermentations of Rhodotorula glacialis DBVPG 4785 were carried out at 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 0, and -3°C in a complex medium with high C:N ratio for 15 days. High biomass production was attained at all the temperatures with a similar biomass/glucose yield (YXS), between 0.40 and 0.45, but the specific growth rate of the strain decreased as the temperature diminished. The coefficients YL/X have been measured between a minimum of 0.50 to a maximum of 0.67, but it was not possible to show a clear effect of temperature. Similarly, the coefficient YL/S ranges from a minimum of 0.22 to a maximum of 0.28: again, it does not appear to be any significant changes due to temperature. Among omega-3 PUFAs, only α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) was found at temperatures below to 0°C, while, it’s remarkable, that the worthy arachidonic acid (C20:4,n-6), stearidonic acid (C20:4,n-3) C22:0 and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) were produced only at the late exponential phase and the stationary phase of batch fermentations at 0 and -3°C. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a beneficial omega-3 PUFA that is usually found in fatty fish and fish oils. The results herein reported improve the knowledge about the responses which enable psychrophilic yeasts to cope with cold and may support exploitation of these strains as a new resource for biotechnological applications.

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Obiettivo del progetto di tesi è ritrovare un percorso urbano, riguardante un tratto della città di Cesena, che oggi non è più leggibile nella sua originaria identità. La cinta muraria di Cesena è da sempre motivo di vanto della città. Esso è dovuto anche al fatto che gran parte di tale cinta è stato oggetto di restauri puntuali. Vi è un tratto di esse però dove non risulta più immediata la sua l’appartenenza ad un tutto più ampio e finito che è quello dell’intero perimetro fortificato. Il nostro progetto vuole suggerire nuovamente quale fosse il suo andamento, e il suo rapporto con il resto della città quindi proponiamo il restauro e la valorizzazione degli elementi significativi che s’incontrano percorrendo il suddetto tratto di città. Precisamente si tratta dei manufatti della porta d’accesso del torrente Cesuola detta Portaccia e di porta Fiume, due delle antiche porte delle mura cesenati. Si propone per questi un riuso degli ambienti che saranno adibiti a punto informativo, piuttosto che aree espositive, museali. Saranno aperte al pubblico e rese visibili per portare un esempio le antiche cannoniere. Si è progettata anche la sistemazione dell’area esterna direttamente prospiciente gli edifici in questione, al fine di renderli maggiormente visibili e riconoscibili all’interno del panorama cittadino. Questi due edifici vogliono essere importanti poli per i turisti o per chiunque voglia immergersi nella storia della città di Cesena. S’incontra poi in questa passeggiata, un’area archeologica. La si raggiunge partendo per esempio dalla Portaccia e seguendo quello che era il tracciato delle antiche mura. Tale area testimonia l’esistenza di tratti di antiche fortificazioni e ci racconta i caratteri costruttivi delle abitazioni del tempo e dell’impianto urbano, oltre ad aver riportato alla luce antichi manufatti e reperti archeologici importanti. Questo spazio verrà opportunamente valorizzato e reso noto ai visitatori. Si sceglie di non portare alla luce gli elementi trovati nel sottosuolo per non variare le loro condizioni termo-igrometriche, e di suggerire la dimensione degli stessi attraverso la progettazione fedele fuori terra di elementi in alzato cavi contenenti vegetazione. Il visitatore potrà girovagare fra questi nel “giardino archeologico”. Un altro elemento di fondamentale importanza proseguendo nel percorso è la presenza dei suggestivi ruderi della rocca Vecchia, che hanno resistito allo scorrere inesorabile del tempo e che sono ancora in grado di testimoniare di un passato ormai distante e sfocato. Sarà la vegetazione a fare da protagonista in quest’area poiché attraverso la scelta di alcune piante che, con le loro radici sono in grado di aiutare i ruderi a sopravvivere, verrà dato nuova veste a ciò che resta della rocca Vecchia. Contestualmente a ciò, si è deciso di riproporre nella zona retrostante i ruderi, il sistema degli antichi terrazzamenti di cui il colle è stato dotato in passato. Essi sono importanti a livello strutturale per ovviare alle problematiche conseguenti al dilavamento del terreno verso valle, ma non solo. Si vuole sì riproporre questi terrazzamenti come citazione storica, ma essa vuole essere un’emulazione non un’imitazione, pertanto, verranno trattati come una sorta di “giardino botanico”. La discesa del colle verso porta Fiume sarà certamente più piacevole se si potranno ammirare le specie autoctone presenti in questo luogo ben organizzate lungo la passeggiata. L’obiettivo del progetto è rendere palesi le importanti caratteristiche architettoniche che contraddistinguono l’eccezionale valore dei beni oggetto di analisi, migliorando le condizioni di conservazione ed assicurando una fruizione degli ambienti, ove sia possibile, e donando una nuova destinazione d’uso agli stessi.

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Faithful replication of DNA from one generation to the next is crucial for long-term species survival. Genomic integrity in prokaryotes, archaea and eukaryotes is dependent on efficient and accurate catalysis by multiple DNA polymerases. Escherichia coli possesses five known DNA polymerases (Pol). DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the major replicative polymerase of the Escherichia coli chromosome (Kornberg, 1982). This enzyme contains two Pol III cores that are held together by a t dimer (Studwell-Vaughan and O’Donnell, 1991). The core is composed of three different proteins named α-, ε- and θ-subunit. The α-subunit, encoded by dnaE, contains the catalytic site for DNA polymerisation (Maki and Kornberg, 1985), the ε-subunit, encoded by dnaQ, contains the 3′→5′ proofreading exonuclease (Scheuermann, et al., 1983) and the θ-subunit, encoded by hole, that has no catalytic activity (Studwell-Vaughan, and O'Donnell, 1983). The three-subunit α–ε–θ DNA pol III complex is the minimal active polymerase form purified from the DNA pol III holoenzyme complex; these three polypeptides are tightly associated in the core (McHenry and Crow, 1979) Despite a wealth of data concerning the properties of DNA polymerase III in vitro, little information is available on the assembly in vivo of this complex enzyme. In this study it is shown that the C-terminal region of the proofreading subunit is labile and that the ClpP protease and the molecular chaperones GroL and DnaK control the overall concentration in vivo of ε. Two α-helices (comprising the residues E311-M335 and G339-D353, respectively) of the N-terminal region of the polymerase subunit were shown to be essential for the binding to ε. These informations could be utilized to produce a conditional mutator strain in which proofreading activity would be titrated by a a variant that can only bind e and that is polymerase-deficient. In this way the replication of DNA made by DNA Pol-III holoenzyme would accordingly become error-prone.