Data compilation of ESOP

The work in this sub-project of ESOP focuses on the advective and convective transforma-tion of water masses in the Greenland Sea and its neighbouring areas. It includes observational work on the sub-mesoscale and analysis of hydrographic data up to the gyre-scale. Observations of active convective plumes were made with a towed chain equipped with up to 80 CTD sensors, giving a horizontal and vertical resolution of the hydrographic fields of a few metres. The observed scales of the penetrative convective plumes compare well with those given by theory. On the mesoscale the structure of homogeneous eddies formed as a result of deep convection was observed and the associated mixing and renewal of the intermediate layers quantified. The relative importance and efficiency of thermal and haline penetrative convection in relation to the surface boundary conditions (heat and salt fluxes and ice cover) and the ambient stratification are studied using the multi year time series of hydro-graphic data in the central Greenland Sea. The modification of the water column of the Greenland Sea gyre through advection from and mixing with water at its rim is assessed on longer time scales. The relative contributions are quantified using modern water mass analysis methods based on inverse techniques. Likewise the convective renewal and the spreading of the Arctic Intermediate Water from its formation area is quantified. The aim is to budget the heat and salt content of the water column, in particular of the low salinity surface layer, and to relate its seasonal and interannual variability to the lateral fluxes and the fluxes at the air-sea-ice interface. This will allow to estimate residence times for the different layers of the Greenland Sea gyre, a quantity important for the description of the Polar Ocean carbon cycle.

El mensaje de América ...

Cover-title.

Indice alphabético de materias ás quaes tem applicação a legislação concernente aos annos 1838, 1839, 1860 e 1861 /

Mode of access: Internet.

General index to the published volumes of the Diplomatic correspondence and Foreign relations of the United States. 1861-1899.

Published in accordance with the Sundry civil act of June 6, 1900.

Mason Hall, 1861

Album title: University of Michigan. Class of 1861. On tltle page: Photographed by T.D. Tooker, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Captains of the three student companies in 1861

Handwritten on verso: civil war volunteer. Printed sticker on verso: W. Nessler

News of [Civil] war announced by Dr. Tappan. Sunday -1861

On mount: Courthouse Square-Ann Arbor. On verso: Sunday April 15, 1861. News of the war. Meeting called at Court House square by Dr. Tappan. News that [Fort] Sumter was fired upon. Property of Ellen B. Bach

UM Gymnastics Team, 1931, posed on parallel bars

(negative damaged)